Publication Search

Citizen Lawsuit (CLS) is a legal instrument through which citizens file lawsuits against the government for its negligence in fulfilling and protecting public rights. This study aims to analyze juridically the ruling in the CLS case concerning Jokowi’s diploma based on Decision Number 211/Pdt.G/2025/PN Skt. The method employed is normative legal research using both the statute approach and the case approach. Primary legal materials consist of court decisions, while secondary legal materials include relevant literature, journals, and legal doctrines. The findings indicate that the judges’ considerations in this case focused on the plaintiff’s legal standing and the government’s responsibility to fulfill citizens’ rights. The judges appear to have adopted a more progressive perspective in assessing state responsibility, although the implementation of the ruling still faces obstacles due to difficulties in effective enforcement. This study emphasizes the strategic role of CLS as a mechanism for monitoring public policy while also highlighting the urgency of strengthening regulations and ensuring consistency in judicial decisions to provide optimal protection of citizens’ rights.

The development of digital technology has transformed trading patterns through the emergence of live shopping, a phenomenon that enables real-time interaction between sellers and consumers. Although it offers marketing efficiency, this model poses significant legal risks, including misleading information, promotional manipulation, and product non-conformity. This study aims to analyze legal certainty in consumer protection within live shopping transactions, examine the forms of business actors’ liability for consumer losses, and identify obstacles to regulatory implementation along with efforts to strengthen supervision.The research method employed is normative legal research using both a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results indicate that legal certainty in consumer protection within this ecosystem is grounded in the integration of Law No. 8 of 1999 (Consumer Protection Law) as the lex generalis and Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 (Electronic Commerce/PMSE) as the lex specialis, which recognizes the validity of real-time electronic contracts. The legal liability of business actors is strict liability in nature, in accordance with Article 19 of the Consumer Protection Law, and may also be construed as a tort (Article 1365 of the Civil Code) in cases involving distortion of visual information.However, the effectiveness of these regulations is hindered by the ephemeral nature of transactions and low levels of digital literacy. This study recommends the implementation of technology-based supervisory systems (suptech), strengthening the oversight function of platforms (PPMSE), and policy synchronization between the Ministry of Trade and the Ministry of Communication and Informatics in standardizing business actor verification to ensure the security of the digital commerce ecosystem.

This article aims to reconstruct legal awareness and social justice in the context of a contemporary rule of law through the integration of economic law, digital law, civil law, criminal law, and constitutional law within the framework of citizenship rights and Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory. The main problem of this research stems from the fact that the development of the modern legal system tends to be sectoral, formalistic, and not fully responsive to social change, unequal access to justice, and digital transformation that affects the relationship between citizens and the law. This research uses a normative legal research method with a conceptual, legislative, and sociological approach. The results of the study indicate that legal awareness is not simply understood as formal compliance with norms, but must be developed as a substantive awareness oriented towards social justice, protection of citizenship rights, and public welfare. From the perspective of Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence, law is positioned not only as a regulatory instrument, but also as a means of social transformation based on the values ​​of justice, moral responsibility, and siding with the interests of society. Integration across legal branches is crucial for the legal system to more comprehensively address issues related to economics, digitalization, civil relations, criminal enforcement, and state governance. Therefore, the reconstruction of legal awareness must be directed toward establishing a legal paradigm that is integrative, humanistic, adaptive, and socially just.

Bureaucratic rigidity is a form of public administration pathology that remains a serious problem in Indonesian governance. The bureaucracy's rigid, hierarchical nature, slow decision-making, and resistance to change are major obstacles to the government's digital transformation process. Amidst the demands of the digital era, which prioritizes speed, transparency, and efficiency, an unadaptive bureaucracy actually slows down innovation in public services and erodes public trust in the government. This study aims to analyze bureaucratic rigidity as a disease in public administration and its impact on the implementation of digital transformation in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review. The results indicate that bureaucratic rigidity is caused by a conservative organizational culture, complicated regulations, and low human resource capacity to adapt to technology. Furthermore, a lack of system integration and weak transformational leadership exacerbate these conditions. Digital transformation is not merely a technological issue, but a paradigm shift in governance. Therefore, comprehensive bureaucratic reform is needed, including simplifying procedures, strengthening the digital competency of civil servants, and shifting the work culture to be more flexible and innovative. Thus, an adaptive and responsive bureaucracy can be realized as the foundation of an effective digital government that is oriented towards public services.

The Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT-DD) is a social protection instrument designed to help low-income families meet their basic needs. However, its implementation often faces challenges such as targeting inaccuracies, limited data, and varying administrative capacity at the village level. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of BLT-DD using William N. Dunn’s six policy evaluation criteria through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, covering effectiveness, efficiency, equity, responsiveness, conceptual alignment, and implementation. The findings indicate that BLT-DD is fairly effective in helping households maintain consumption, yet its effectiveness and adequacy remain constrained by the amount of assistance and the quality of data collection. Program efficiency and responsiveness are relatively good in villages with sufficient governance capacity, while equity emerges as the weakest aspect due to inaccurate data verification. Conceptually, BLT-DD aligns with the needs of low-income communities, but implementation accuracy still requires reinforcement. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for more systematic monitoring mechanisms, cross-sectoral data integration, and administrative training for village officials to enhance service quality. Overall, BLT-DD provides valuable support but requires improvements in governance and data systems to optimize outcomes, including regular evaluation strategies and refinement of supporting regulations.

dishonorable Discharge (PTDH) is the most severe administrative sanction for Civil Servants (PNS) proven to have committed corruption. This study aims to analyze the implementation of PTDH for corrupt civil servants and identify the obstacles in its execution. Using a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches, this study examines the effectiveness of PTDH through Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory, which includes legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture. The results show that, in terms of substance, the PTDH norm is strictly regulated in Government Regulation Number 17 of 2020. However, its implementation faces juridical, administrative, institutional, and socio-political obstacles, as reflected in the case of the delayed execution of PTDH for five civil servants in Mukomuko Regency. This phenomenon proves the existence of a gap between law in the books and law in action. Friedman's perspective explains that the failure of PTDH is caused by weaknesses in the legal structure (apparatus/executing institutions) and legal culture (integrity/ethics of the apparatus). This study concludes that the effectiveness of PTDH can only be achieved through synergy between firm legal substance, professional legal structure, and a legal culture that upholds the integrity of state apparatus.

Parking tax collection as part of Specific Goods and Services Tax (PBJT) is an important source for increasing Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD). This policy is based on Law Number 1 of 2022 concerning Financial Relations between the Central Government and Regional Governments and is implemented through Regional Regulation of Bandar Lampung City Number 1 of 2024. This study aims to examine the implementation of parking tax collection as PBJT as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in its execution. The research employs normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches with a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through documentation studies and interviews with the Regional Revenue Management Agency (BPPRD) of Bandar Lampung City as the implementing institution. The results show that the implementation of PBJT on parking services in Bandar Lampung City uses a self-assessment system, where parking operators calculate, collect, report, and remit taxes independently through e-SPTPD and SIMANTAP managed by BPPRD. Supporting factors include clear regulations, the utilization of information technology, growth in the parking sector, and inter-agency support. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include suboptimal taxpayer compliance, limited human resources within BPPRD, technical issues in the reporting system, and fluctuations in revenue due to seasonal factors. Overall, the implementation of PBJT on parking services has been effective but still requires improved supervision to optimize regional tax revenue.

This study aimsmto examineiin depthvthe perspective of information technology law and human rights on the phenomenon of political buzzers on social media within the context of digital development in the era of globalization. This research is motivated by the rapid advancement of information technology, which has brought significant changes in various aspects of society, including the political sphere that increasingly utilizes social media as a means of communication and information dissemination. The phenomenon of political buzzers has become a controversial issue, particularly during election periods, as it is often associated with the spread of inaccurate information, defamation, hate speech, and the manipulation of public opinion that may harm society and disrupt social stability. This study employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that political buzzers generally operate under the justification of freedom of expression as part of human rights. However, such freedom is not absolute and must be limited to prevent violations of others' rights and to maintain public order. In this regard, information technology law in Indonesia, particularly through regulations governing digital activities, plays an important role in controlling deviant buzzer practices. Nevertheless, the absence of specific regulations explicitly governing political buzzers has resulted in less optimal law enforcement. Therefore, strengthening regulations and increasing public awareness in the wise use of social media are necessary to create a healthy, responsible, and sustainable digital ecosystem.

This study examines the environmental advocacy strategies carried out by WALHI Jambi in addressing the pollution of the Batanghari River caused by illegal gold mining activities. This issue reflects ongoing environmental degradation and weak policy enforcement in managing natural resources. The study aims to analyze advocacy practices in terms of raising public awareness, community organizing, and influencing policy. A qualitative approach with a case study method was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis. The findings show that WALHI Jambi has undertaken various advocacy efforts, including media campaigns, public actions, community assistance, and engagement in policy forums. However, these efforts remain not fully optimal. Public awareness initiatives are still limited to information dissemination, community organizing has not yet developed into a strong collective movement, and policy influence is constrained by the absence of systematic instruments such as formal documentation, litigation, and structured coalitions. This study contributes to the understanding of environmental advocacy practices and highlights the need for strengthening advocacy strategies to achieve more effective policy influence and sustainable environmental governance.

Economic globalization has significantly transformed patterns of labor relations and expanded cross-border labor mobility. These developments necessitate alignment between national labor laws and international labor standards. The International Labour Organization plays a leading role in establishing global standards through various labor conventions and recommendations. This study aims to examine the concept of harmonizing national labor laws with international standards, assess its implementation in Indonesia, and identify the challenges faced. The study employs a normative legal method using legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The results indicate that Indonesia has adopted most international standards; however, implementation still faces structural, cultural, and economic obstacles. Legal harmonization is a strategic step to enhance worker protection while maintaining national economic competitiveness.

Street vendors play an essential role in urban informal economies by fulfilling community needs and supporting local economic activity. This study analyzes the role of business ethics in building consumer trust among street vendors in Dumai, Indonesia. A qualitative descriptive method was applied using interviews, observation, and documentation involving three vendors and two consumers. Findings indicate that ethical practices such as honesty in transactions, responsibility for product quality, friendly service, and cleanliness of business premises improve consumer comfort and perceived safety. These conditions encourage repeat purchases, customer loyalty, and a positive reputation for vendors. Therefore, business ethics function not only as moral guidance but also as social capital supporting the sustainability of informal microenterprises. This study highlights that ethical behavior is crucial for strengthening long-term relationships between vendors and consumers in urban settings. Overall, implementing ethical standards contributes to sustainable small business development in informal sectors. It also improves public trust.

Sustainability issues encompassing economic, social and environmental aspects are driving reform in the global financial sector, including in Indonesia. Although the OJK has published a Sustainable Finance Roadmap since 2015, Indonesia does not yet have comprehensive green finance regulations in the banking sector. This study aims to analyse the state of green finance regulation in the Indonesian banking sector and compare it with China’s Green Credit Guidelines, in order to identify relevant aspects for adoption in strengthening national green finance policy. This study employs a normative legal methodology using a legislative and comparative law approach, alongside a qualitative descriptive-analytical analysis of secondary data. The author found that green finance regulations in Indonesia remain fragmented and scattered across various sectoral legal instruments without adequate integration, thereby creating loopholes for greenwashing practices and the adoption of green principles that are merely administrative in nature. The Sustainable Finance Committee mandated by the P2SK Act has not yet been established, exacerbating the lack of coordination between institutions. In contrast, China, through its 2012 Green Credit Guidelines and 2016 Guidelines for Establishing a Green Financial System, demonstrates a regulatory model that is hierarchical, standardised, and legally binding. A comparison of the two identifies four relevant aspects for Indonesia to adopt: an integrated regulatory approach, standardisation of environmental risk operations, strengthening of oversight mechanisms and due diligence, and cross-sectoral institutional coordination. Consequently, Indonesia requires comprehensive, dedicated green finance regulations and must promptly establish the Sustainable Finance Committee as the sole coordinating authority.

Human Trafficking (TPPO) has undergone a significant transformation in its modus operandi alongside the massive use of information technology, giving rise to the phenomenon of cyber-recruitment within the online scam industry. This study aims to analyze the juridical construction of the criminal elements in the cyber-recruitment modus operandi based on Law Number 21 of 2007, and to evaluate the potential disharmony of norms between the TPPO regulation and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) regarding the regulation of digital evidence. The research method employed is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results indicate that, dogmatically, the elements of TPPO—comprising the process of virtual recruitment, the means of fraudulent job promises, and the purpose of digital forced labor exploitation—under Law No. 21 of 2007 remain relevant for prosecuting cyber-recruitment perpetrators, although it demands a broader legal interpretation of cyberspace realities. However, legal certainty issues were found due to the lack of synchronicity in the regulation of digital evidence, where differences in procedures and qualifications exist between electronic evidence in the TPPO Law and the evidentiary standards in the UU ITE, which are volatile in nature. The implications of this research conclude the need for regulatory synchronization through the establishment of technical guidelines for handling TPPO-specific electronic evidence to provide a solid legal foundation for law enforcement agencies. This step is crucial to overcome cross-border jurisdictional obstacles and to ensure substantive justice and comprehensive protection of victims' rights in the digital era.

The implementation of civil justice in Indonesia is fundamentally guided by the principles of simplicity, speed, and low cost. However, in practice, the regulation concerning the time limits for summons and the determination of trial schedules remains inadequate, leading to legal uncertainty. This study aims to analyze the legal certainty of time limits in summons and trial scheduling within civil procedural law, as well as to examine its implications for the effectiveness of case resolution. This research employs a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by a descriptive-analytical design. The findings indicate that existing regulations, particularly those derived from the Herzien Inlandsch Reglement (HIR) and Rechtsreglement voor de Buitengewesten (RBg), only provide minimum standards for summons but do not comprehensively regulate the timeframe for determining the first hearing or intervals between subsequent hearings. As a result, there is broad discretion in judicial practice, which leads to inconsistencies among courts, repeated trial delays, increased litigation costs, and reduced access to justice. Although recent reforms through electronic court systems have improved the mechanism of summons delivery, they have not sufficiently addressed the issue of time management in trial proceedings. This study concludes that the absence of clear and comprehensive regulations on trial timeframes weakens legal certainty and hinders the realization of efficient judicial processes. Therefore, strengthening normative regulations on trial scheduling is essential to support a more effective, predictable, and equitable civil justice system.

This study focuses on the elements of gharar (uncertainty), tadlis (fraud), and breach of contract in examining multiple transactions of a single land object from the standpoint of Islamic economic law. The rising frequency of disagreements over land purchases and sales brought on by the same seller engaging in overlapping transactions, unclear ownership status, and a lack of transparency has prompted this research. This study aims to investigate the effects of these activities on Indonesian positive law and Islamic economic law. This case study employed an empirical legal approach and was carried out in Grogol Village, Tulangan District, Sidoarjo Regency. Data was gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation by the buyer, seller, and local authorities. The findings indicate that due to unclear land boundaries and ownership status, the transaction contained significant elements of gharar and tadlis because the seller concealed important information about the previous transaction. Furthermore, the seller's failure to fulfill obligations stipulated in the contract constitutes a breach of contract under positive law. This study demonstrates that these practices not only violate legal regulations but also contradict the principles of Islamic economic law such as justice, transparency, and good faith. According to this study, legal awareness, administrative accuracy, and institutional oversight are vital to prevent such issues in the future.

This study aims to analyze e-commerce strategies in selecting applicable law and jurisdiction to avoid conflicts of jurisdiction in cross-border transactions. This study employs a normative legal method using legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches to analyze the selection of applicable law and jurisdiction in cross-border e-commerce transactions. The data used consists of primary and secondary legal materials collected through a literature review. The analysis was conducted qualitatively using descriptive-analytical and legal interpretation methods, as well as deductive reasoning to formulate strategies for minimizing jurisdictional conflicts. The research findings indicate that the application of the principle of freedom of contract, combined with international instruments and digital technology, can serve as an effective strategy for e-commerce actors to minimize jurisdictional conflicts and litigation risks. This strategy not only provides legal protection, particularly for SMEs, but also enhances the trust of global partners and competitiveness in the international market through the use of clear contract clauses, hybrid forums, and technological support such as blockchain and ODR.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has fundamentally altered the landscape of public governance, compelling local governments to adapt and embrace digital transformation. This study investigates the challenges and opportunities faced by local governments in Indonesia in implementing digital governance transformation within the framework of Society 5.0. Using a systematic literature review and case study methodology, this research analyzes governance transformation policies, institutional readiness, digital infrastructure, and human resource capacity across selected Indonesian regional governments. The findings reveal that while significant opportunities exist including enhanced public service delivery, improved transparency, citizen participation, and inter-agency coordination substantial challenges persist in digital infrastructure disparities, limited human resource capacity, regulatory ambiguity, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The study identifies five critical success factors for effective digital governance transformation: strong political commitment, adequate digital infrastructure investment, comprehensive human resource development, adaptive regulatory frameworks, and inclusive citizen engagement mechanisms. This research contributes to the theoretical discourse on e-government and digital governance in the context of developing countries, while offering practical policy recommendations for local governments navigating the transition to Society 5.0. The implications extend to policymakers, practitioners, and scholars engaged in public administration reform in the digital age.

This study examines the effectiveness of legal protection for victims of cyberbullying in Indonesia from a victimological perspective. The rapid development of information technology and social media has led to an increase in cyberbullying cases, which significantly impact victims psychologically, socially, and emotionally. However, existing legal protections are often considered inadequate in addressing the needs of victims. This research aims to analyze the existing legal framework, evaluate its effectiveness, and assess the position of victims within the criminal justice system. The method used is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and victimological approaches, relying on secondary data from relevant legal literature and scientific journals. The findings indicate that although regulations such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law) provide a legal basis, their implementation remains ineffective due to weak law enforcement, lack of victim-oriented approaches, and limited awareness of victims’ rights. Therefore, strengthening victim protection through a victimological approach, legal reform, and the application of restorative justice is necessary to ensure justice and recovery for victims.           

Syndicated credit serves as a response for banks in extending loans as an alternative financing mechanism when constrained by the legal lending limit. Syndicated loans have a distinctive characteristic, namely the requirement for collective decision-making among creditors to reach a resolution. Consequently, collateral execution is often delayed or not carried out optimally to recover bank receivables, resulting in participating banks bearing losses for a relatively long period. This research employs a normative juridical approach with descriptive-analytical research specifications using qualitative methods based on relevant legal norms and theories. The results show that the legal relationship between the bank agent and the syndicated creditors constitutes an agency relationship, namely a special power of attorney as regulated under the Civil Code. The Bank Agent, consisting of the Facility Agent, Security Agent, and Escrow Agent, acts according to their respective duties for the benefit of the syndicate within the scope of authority agreed upon in the credit agreement. The resolution of non-performing loans in syndicated credit schemes should be carried out by referring to credit rescue and settlement mechanisms as regulated in the OJK Regulation concerning the Asset Quality Assessment of Commercial Banks through the prudential principle. The legal liability of the Bank Agent or Security Agent arises only when it can be proven that the agent has acted beyond the authority granted to it.

This study examines legal protection for victims of criminal offenses from a victimological perspective, emphasizing the position, rights, and needs of victims within the criminal justice system. Victimology, as a scientific discipline, highlights that victims are not merely objects of crime but subjects who are entitled to protection, restoration, and justice. This research employs a normative juridical method supported by a conceptual and statutory approach to analyze existing legal frameworks governing victim protection. The findings indicate that although legal instruments have provided various forms of protection such as restitution, compensation, and psychological assistance their implementation remains suboptimal due to institutional limitations, lack of awareness, and procedural constraints. From a victimological standpoint, effective protection requires a balanced approach between offender accountability and victim recovery, including recognition of victims' rights, access to justice, and comprehensive rehabilitation. Therefore, strengthening regulations, improving institutional coordination, and adopting a more victim oriented justice system are essential to ensure optimal legal protection for victims of criminal acts.