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This study aims to analyze law enforcement efforts against under-aged marriages in Indonesia, identify factors that cause under-aged marriages in Indonesia, and find out the implications of law enforcement efforts against under-aged marriages on child birth certificate registration. The research method used in this article is normative legal research which is analyzed qualitatively with a statutory approach and a case approach. The results of this study show that marriages that are only carried out based on religious law or beliefs, without being officially registered, are legal in religion, but not in the state. Factors that cause underhanded marriages include economic factors, social factors, psychological factors, and religious factors. The legal consequences caused by underhand marriages are detrimental to women and children resulting from these underhand marriages, one of which is difficulty in managing the registration of children's birth certificates. This study concludes that siri marriage/underhand marriage is recognized as religiously valid in Indonesia, but has no legal force because it is not registered at the KUA/Civil Registry in accordance with Law No. 1 of 1974. As a result, the marriage has no legal consequences for the couple and their children.

The research in this journal discusses the Rohingya refugee crisis and its implications for Bangladesh's national security stability using the theory of National Security and Realism. The results using the library research method found that there were several impacts caused by Rohingya refugees, including in the fields of economy and health. The Bangladeshi government responded to the security shock by making several efforts to maintain the stability of its national security.  

This study analyzes the characteristics, risk, and return of stocks and bonds in Indonesia. The data used is historical data on stock and bond prices traded on the IDX during a 10-year period, from 2014 to 2024. The analysis methods used are descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that stocks offer the potential for higher returns than bonds, but also with higher risk. Bonds offer better income stability and lower risk than stocks. The investment decision between stocks and bonds depends on the individual's risk profile and investment goals. Diversification remains an important investment strategy, regardless of risk profile.

Pertanian modern menghadapi tantangan meningkatkan produktivitas tanpa merusak lingkungan. Salah satu solusi yang menarik adalah penggunaan pupuk organik cair dari limbah tahu yang difermentasi dengan bantuan Effective Microorganisme-4 (EM4), air kelapa, dan gula. Limbah tahu, produk sampingan industri tahu, memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku pupuk organik. Proses fermentasi bertujuan meningkatkan kandungan nutrisi dan mengurangi dampak lingkungan limbah cair tahu. Penelitian ini fokus pada pembuatan pupuk organik cair dari limbah tahu melalui fermentasi dengan EM4, air kelapa, dan gula. Dengan mengkaji pertumbuhan tanaman cabe rawit sebagai contoh, penelitian bertujuan menguji efektivitas pupuk organik cair, mendukung pertanian berkelanjutan, menerapkan pupuk organik cair di pertanian, dan menganalisis kandungan nutrisi. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan menggunakan eksperimental tambahan air kelapa, gula, dan larutan EM4 dengan bahan utama Limbah Cair Tahu, yang kemudian di fermentasi selama 0-7 hari dan di control setiap hari. Dalam mengkaji uji efektifitas Pupuk Organik Cair ini kemudian di terapkan pada tanaman cabe rawit yaitu dengan label tanaman A(menggunakan POC) dengan perlakuan pemberian POC sebanyak 5x250ml dalam setiap perlakuan, dengan perbandingan tanaman B(tidak menggunakan POC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan antara tanaman A dengan tanaman B pada usia 0 – 60 hari di lihat dari tinggi batang Tanaman A mencapai 58,3 cm, sedangkan Tanaman B mencapai 30,4 cm, terdapat juga perbedaan diameter batang kedua tanaman yaitu selisih kurang lebih 1mm. Hasil penelitiaan ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk organik cair memiliki dampak positif pada pertumbuhan tanaman cabe rawit, seperti tinggi batang, warna daun, dan diameter batang yang lebih besar. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menciptakan peluang untuk praktik pertanian yang ramah lingkungan dan berkontribusi pada pengelolaan limbah secara berkelanjutan.

Digital transformation in education has become a significant phenomenon in the era of disruption. This research discusses the challenges and opportunities that digital transformation in the disruption era provides for education. The results show that digital transformation can help improve the quality of education by utilizing digital technology in the learning process. In addition, digital transformation also helps improve the accessibility of education, facilitate the teaching and learning process, and improve the overall quality of education. In the future, digital transformation is expected to continue to increase the role of technology in education. Teachers and students must continue to adapt to technological developments and utilize technology to improve the quality of education. In synthesis, digital transformation in education has great potential in improving the quality of education and preparing students for a better future.  

Debtor default has significant implications for credit risk management in the banking sector. Default, as the failure of a debtor to fulfill its obligations in repaying a loan, not only has the potential to be detrimental to financial institutions, but can also affect the stability of the financial system as a whole. Therefore, research on this phenomenon is very important. This article aims to provide comprehensive insight into understanding debtor default and its impact on credit risk management in the banking sector. A holistic approach to this understanding includes identifying factors that contribute to default, analyzing the characteristics of vulnerable debtors, and evaluating effective risk mitigation strategies. One important aspect discussed is the factors that cause default, including macroeconomic conditions, changes in an individual's financial situation, and behavioral factors. By understanding the root causes of default, banks can identify potential credit risks early and take appropriate steps to manage them. In addition, this article discusses the importance of debtor profile analysis in identifying characteristics that are vulnerable to default. By leveraging advanced technology and data analysis, banks can strengthen their decision-making processes and improve their ability to manage credit risk. Thus, this article not only provides an in-depth review of understanding debtor default, but also provides insight into how banks can improve their credit risk management through targeted and innovative approaches. In conclusion, a better understanding of the debtor default phenomenon will help banks manage credit risk more effectively and strengthen the resilience of the financial system as a whole.

  Abstract. Research shows that leadership plays an important role in improving and reforming schools and education systems in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Mustiningsih, Maisyaroh, and Ulfatin 2019). In the context of the digital industrial revolution, leaders are not only responsible for academic performance and the proper functioning of schools but are also responsible for all activities carried out by schools (Kurniawan et al. 2023). This revolution includes automation and digitalization of all aspects of the industry to create products that meet consumer needs (Lanang Putra et al. 2021). This revolution also presents challenges for tax reform, including integrating various changes caused by digitalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Mayasari and Narsa 2020). In the field of education, leadership abilities in understanding and using digital knowledge are very important to support learning activities in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Sugiarto and Dewantara 2021). The leadership qualities demonstrated by Christ are very important for pastors in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution to be able to lead effectively and overcome challenges (Eppang 2022). The fourth industrial revolution offers opportunities to increase savings and reduce consumption through the development of e-commerce and the digital economy (Suwardana 2018). In addition, this Revolution has also changed job design, job structure, and required skills, thereby increasing the demand for people with different skills (David 2021). Finally, business orientation, digital capabilities, leadership skills, and the environment influence business decisions (Justin and Handoyo 2023).

Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) selalu menarik untuk dikaji, bukan hanya dari aspek ketahanan, aspek pembiayaan, perolehan pinjaman atau dari aspek manejerial usaha. Pengembangan secara internal yang dari UMKM “Radjanya Pisang” ini berasal dari tabungan pribadi yang dikelolah semaksimal mungkin dengan modal yang cukup kecil. UMKM Radjanya Pisang ini memanfaatkan buah pisang sebagai bahan baku yang paling dasar dalam penjualannya. Alasan dari UMKM Radjanya Pisang memilih pisang ialah karena pisang memiliki daya tarik yang luas di berbagai kalangan usia. Oleh karena itu, akhirnya pemilik usaha, Bayu Surya Ramadhan, memutuskan untuk mengembangkan berbagai olahan jajanan berbasis pisang, seperti pisang keju, pisang roll, piscok, dan sebagainya. Dengan memanfaatkan teknlogi yang semakin berkembang selain menerima pesanan secara offline UMKM “Radjanya Pisang” juga menerima pesanan secara online di platfrom seperti GrabFood. Di sini kami menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang mana kami melakukan wawancara secara langsung bersama owner UMKM "Radjanya Pisang". Kami berharap melalui konsultasi dan jurnal laporan yang kami buat ini, dapat memberikan implikasi positif baik bagi kami sebagai tim penyusun maupun para pembaca yang membacanya.

Disputes between contractor service user companies and contractor service providers as a result of the contractors who bind themselves in the cooperation agreement cannot carry out their responsibilities properly. contracting work, infrastructure maintenance that is not in accordance with standards, the use of unqualified materials, the indiscipline of contractor workers in complying with work safety and work schedules that are not on time, so that things do not happen during the cooperation contract period, standard, clear and detailed regulations are needed at the beginning of making a cooperation agreement with the contractor in setting work standards, material specifications, and deadlines for work implementation, so that contractor service providers can carry out their responsibilities professionally and on time. That way the contractor service user company is not worried when entering into a cooperation agreement with the contractor service provider. Because the main focus is standards, empirical juridical research also investigates the empirical aspects. This research is used as descriptive research to show the effect of choosing a cooperation contract model, Types and Sources of Data, research data includes research data includes initial data secondary data. Primary data is data collected directly from respondents or informants, including experts and parties who have the competence to be interviewed. In this study, several legal regulations, including government, presidential, and regional regulations, serve as the legal umbrella for cooperation agreements between companies and contractors. It turns out that the various laws still suffer from norm vagueness, norm conflicts, and norm vacuums. This results in various interpretations of practice, which in turn affects various types of regulations. One of the problems that often occurs is about who participates in the joint Contract between the company & contractor, as well as the process of resolving legal disputes. 

Pakistan and China have established cooperative relations in various fields for centuries. In the field of security, the two countries have formed military cooperation that has significantly impacted regional security stability and has been quite effective in addressing evolving security challenges and geopolitical tensions in South Asia. Using descriptive methods, researchers can describe the factors influencing military cooperation between Pakistan and China and examine its implications for regional stability in South Asia. The research findings indicate that Pakistan-China military cooperation is influenced by economic, political, and other military aspects, which subsequently provide a strong position for both countries to face various potential threats affecting the balance of power and stability in South Asia. This cooperation can create a balance of power that stabilizes the region and brings strategic benefits to both countries, though the risks of escalation and increased tensions are also consequences that must be managed carefully.

Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja (UU Ciptaker) telah menjadi fokus perhatian dalam upaya pemerintah Indonesia untuk mereformasi struktur ekonomi guna meningkatkan daya saing. Dalam konteks pasar investasi, implementasi UU Ciptaker menjadi kunci dalam memahami perubahan dalam kinerja dan keseimbangan pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh UU Ciptaker terhadap pasar investasi di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data statistik untuk mengukur dampak UU Ciptaker terhadap kinerja dan keseimbangan pasar investasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi UU Ciptaker memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap pasar investasi, terutama dalam perubahan tren pertumbuhan, distribusi aset, dan struktur pasar. Terlihat adanya perubahan yang cukup besar dalam berbagai aspek pasar investasi setelah UU Ciptaker diberlakukan. Dengan demikian, kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa UU Ciptaker memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk kinerja dan keseimbangan pasar investasi di Indonesia. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar untuk merumuskan kebijakan ekonomi yang lebih efektif dalam mendukung pertumbuhan pasar investasi di Indonesia. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah untuk memperluas cakupan analisis dan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor lain yang dapat memengaruhi pasar investasi di Indonesia secara lebih komprehensif.

This article aims to explain in more depth that early marriage is taking away the nation's future. Early marriage in Indonesia is an increasing trend. This is demonstrated by data revealing high numbers of requests for marriage dispensation in the Religious Courts in a number of regions. In fact, sadly, the high number of requests for marriage dispensation, according to data from the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN), 80% of them are due to pregnancy out of wedlock. Marriage is an important thing in the human life cycle. One of the reasons for marrying young is to avoid promiscuity that violates religious and social norms, as well as reducing the burden on parents. Early marriage is a phenomenon that robs the nation of its future. This article discusses the negative impact of early marriage on children's growth, society, education and public health. By analyzing the factors that influence the continuation of early marriage, it is hoped that effective preventive steps can be taken to protect the future of future generations.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in driving Indonesia's economic progress, as they contribute significantly to job creation and increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, MSMEs are facing various challenges that hinder their ability to contribute optimally. This article aims to analyze the impact of MSMEs on Indonesia's economic growth, with an emphasis on policy perspectives and implications. The research uses a descriptive qualitative and quantitative approach, with secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs, and relevant academic literature. The results show that MSMEs contribute more than 60% to Indonesia's GDP and create more than 97% of the workforce. However, challenges such as access to capital and technology hinder the growth of MSMEs. Policy recommendations include improving access to capital, technology support, and entrepreneurship training. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of MSMEs and to develop effective innovation and technology strategies.  

Language serves as a medium of human communication as well as a unifying tool for the nation. Language is needed by everyone to express themselves, interact with others, and adapt to the environment. The existence of Indonesian language is negatively affected by the rise of slang. The purpose of this research is to 1) find out the types of slang use, 2) find out the implications of slang on student character values. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that students use slang, abbreviations in their daily communication which is a form of error in the use of Indonesian language properly and correctly. This can hinder the growth and development of Indonesian language which will have an impact on the loss of Indonesian language which is displaced due to slang in the future.

This article discusses political leadership with a focus on the meaning of political leadership, legitimacy, structure and function of political leadership and also political leadership succession in democratic countries. The research method uses literature study or literature review. And also in collecting data, we used the Library Research method in the form of (books) and Internet Searching in the form of articles relevant to the theme created as reference material for writers. Furthermore, the aim of writing is to explain the concept of political leadership comprehensively. By referring to political leadership theories, and also providing a better understanding of the phenomenon of political leadership. Even though there are limitations in references and knowledge, the author hopes for constructive feedback and suggestions from readers to improve quality. So the author hopes to provide benefits for readers in understanding more about political leadership and also our reflections if we want to become leaders in the future.

This research explores the conceptual implications of the Second Principle of Pancasila for social harmony in Indonesia. Pancasila, as the state's philosophical and ideological foundation, emphasizes the importance of "just and civilized humanity". However, the implementation of these values ​​often faces obstacles such as differences of opinion and personal interests, as well as the inability to resolve conflicts peacefully. Through a qualitative approach with literature studies and conceptual analysis, this research highlights the complexity of implementing the Second Principle and efforts to strengthen social harmony. The results show that education about Pancasila values, strengthening law enforcement institutions, and building a culture of inclusion and dialogue are important to improve the implementation of the Second Principle and create a more just and civilized society.

The management of state property in the current era is no longer just administrative, but more advanced thinking in handling state assets and being able to formulate the needs of state property broadly comprehensive accurately and definitely and think how to increase efficiency, effectiveness and create added value in managing assets in order to create orderly management of BMN administrative, physical orderly and legal order. One of them is by regulating BMN carried out at the XYZ ministry, namely through free BMN. This research aims to reorganize state assets that have not been handled properly so that the administration of state assets becomes better and is able to provide the maximum benefit to the state. Based on the review of the free application of BMN to the BMN Administration Regulation, it has a positive impact, one of which is by increasing the percentage of inventory of goods found by 85.4%.

In general, the purpose of marriage is to fulfill human desires in order to create a happy household, in accordance with applicable regulations. However, today the marriage of minors has become an increasingly pointed issue in the context of law, humanity and the protection of human rights. Child marriages often involve one party who has not reached the age of majority, causing a wide and serious impact on the rights of children and society in general. This paper aims to examine more deeply how Indonesian law regulates the age limit of marriage and whether these rules are effective in preventing child marriage, as well as to describe the legal impact of child marriage and the role of the government in strengthening legal protection for victims of child marriage. The method used in this paper is a normative legal writing method using data collection techniques through document study activities on secondary data. The findings of this paper are that children involved in marriage often lack the ability to give free consent. In many cases, child marriage violates the fundamental rights of children in accordance with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, Indonesian positive law and other international laws that protect children from exploitation, violence and discrimination. The state's responsibility is not only limited to enforcing laws and regulations that protect children from exploitation, violence and discrimination.

Identifying the influence of work life balance and burnout on employee job satisfaction at You n Me Store in Cirebon City. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between work life balance, burnout, and employee job satisfaction at the store. Thus, this study aims to provide a better understanding of the factors that affect employee job satisfaction and how management can improve better working conditions for their employees. The type of research used in this study is an association study. Population and Sample. Data Collection Techniques, Literature review Work life balance and burnout have a significant positive influence on employee job satisfaction at You n Me Store Cirebon City. Work life balance partially has a positive and significant influence of 53.6% on employee job satisfaction. Burnout partially has a positive and significant influence of 39% on employee job satisfaction. The results of hypothesis testing show that the burnout variable partially has a significant effect on employee job satisfaction Work life balance and burnout have a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction at You n Me Store Cirebon City. Work life balance partially has a positive and significant effect of 53.6% on employee job satisfaction. Burnout partially has a positive and significant effect of 39% on employee job satisfaction.      

The low interest in reading among elementary school (SD) students poses a significant challenge in the context of primary education. This article identifies various factors that contribute to the low interest in reading among students, including lack of access to engaging reading materials, insufficient support from parents, lack of motivation or intrapersonal interest, uninteresting curriculum and teaching methods, influence of electronic media, socio-economic conditions, lack of reading role models, and difficulties in reading. The analysis yields recommendations that encompass improving access to engaging reading materials, encouraging parental support, fostering student motivation and intrapersonal interest, and developing engaging curriculum and teaching methods. Through a holistic and sustainable approach, it is hoped that these recommendations can help address the challenges of low reading interest among elementary school students and enhance the quality of literacy learning at the primary level.