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This study aims to recognize and compare the vocabulary used in Serang Javanese and Betawi language in the YouTube Version of Si Doel Movie in Season 1 and 2. The approach used is descriptive qualitative by using contrastive analysis technique. Data were obtained by observing the dialog in the movie, as well as conducting interviews with native speakers of both languages. The findings of this study show that there are vocabularies that have the same form and meaning (10 vocabularies), similar forms but the same meaning (9 vocabularies), and different forms but the same meaning (45 vocabularies). This difference shows the characteristics of each regional language, even though they are geographically located in close proximity. This study emphasizes the importance of maintaining local languages and understanding vocabulary variation in inter-dialect communication.

This study aims to analyze the availability of data centers and regional promotion needs in supporting e-government implementation through the Family Information System Application (SIGA) at BKKBN Gorontalo Province. It also assesses how SIGA and its integrated dialog features contribute to public services. The findings indicate that data input in SIGA has reached 100%, covering family planning services, field supervision, and families at risk of stunting, both in monthly and annual reports. However, this completeness does not fully reflect field realities, particularly regarding youth groups outside formal education who remain underdocumented. Despite this, SIGA data has become a reference for regional health information policy development. Overall, SIGA has improved public service efficiency through fast, accurate, and timely data delivery. Yet, the system remains limited in providing interactive, two-way communication between government and citizens. This study recommends enhancing SIGA’s dialog function and engaging underrepresented community groups to support inclusive and responsive public services.

In Indonesia, the Christian faith is often misunderstood in the context of religious pluralism. Aware of the multi-religious nature of this nation, consideration arises as to what appropriate ideas can be applied to communicating the Christian faith within the context of interfaith theology. The challenges and opportunities in communicating the Christian faith must also be considered. Challenges within interfaith communities include the potential for exclusivism and dogmatism, pluralism, relativism, and inclusivism. These pose significant challenges and dangers to one's faith. If the confession that Jesus is the only Way of Salvation is not sensitive to these circumstances, it can erode, leading to a tendency to deny and equate all religions with the same. This research uses a qualitative method focused on literature review, where sources are obtained from books, journals, and other scholarly works. All scientific references used align with the theme of this paper, namely, "Opportunities and Challenges of Christian Faith Within the Framework of the Theology of Religions."

This study investigates directive speech acts in Chapter 1 of the Japanese manga *Dandadan*, focusing on how characters use language to influence others’ behavior. The objective is to classify the types of directive utterances and analyze their pragmatic functions based on the speaker and context. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, using pragmatic theory to analyze speech data taken directly from dialogue panels. The analysis identified nine instances of directive speech acts, which include commands, prohibitions, invitations, and requests. Ayase Momo emerges as the character who produces the most directive utterances, predominantly in the form of commands and prohibitions, indicating her dominant and assertive communication style. Okarun, in contrast, tends to use polite requests and prohibitions, suggesting a more cautious and respectful approach. The findings reveal that the types of directive speech acts used are closely related to each character’s personality and the emotional context of the scene. These results underscore the role of speech acts in character development and narrative dynamics within manga. The study’s implication lies in showing how linguistic choices in manga dialogue reflect interpersonal power relations and emotional intensity. Future research is encouraged to explore directive speech acts across multiple chapters for broader insights.

Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in driving economic growth, with individual entrepreneurial intentions serving as a key supporting factor. Despite this, student involvement in entrepreneurial endeavors remains relatively low. This research seeks to examine how emotional intelligence and self-leadership influence entrepreneurial intentions among students at the University of Lampung. Employing a quantitative method with a causal approach, the study gathered primary data through questionnaires distributed to 183 sixth-semester students across various faculties. The research instruments underwent validity, reliability, and normality testing, and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings confirmed the proposed hypotheses. Based on these results, the study recommends that higher education institutions, particularly the University of Lampung, implement character development initiatives and foster a positive student mindset. It also suggests creating more opportunities for reflection and open dialogue, incorporating problem-based learning models, and providing training in persuasive communication and soft skills. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of enhancing entrepreneurship curricula with practical experiences such as business incubators and simulations, while also improving student access to entrepreneurial support systems, including funding, mentoring, and market networks. These measures aim to boost student confidence in launching businesses and to strengthen the campus entrepreneurial ecosystem.

This study aims to examine the strategy of meaning in Arabic language learning at SMA Terpadu Darut Tauhid with a focus on understanding narrative texts. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, data were obtained from observations of learning activities, documentation, and in-depth interviews with teachers, students, and language program managers. The results of the study indicate that strategies such as Jigsaw, Index Card Match, and direct methods (al-thariqah al-mubasyarah) are effective in improving students' linguistic understanding and contextual values. The implementation of these strategies is carried out in an integrated manner in a daily language-based program, supported by a conducive religious environment. The use of narrative texts, especially the stories of the prophets and companions, not only enriches the mastery of mufradat and tarkib, but also becomes a means of internalizing the values ​​of akhlakul karimah. The challenge of time constraints is overcome through creative approaches such as role-play and short dialogues. This study recommends the importance of integration between linguistic strategies and spiritual values ​​in Arabic language learning in a religious-based educational environment.  

The political crisis in Myanmar following the 2020 election and the 2021 military coup has created instability in both domestic and international security. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach to analyze the impact of the coup on regional security and ASEAN's response. The findings reveal that the coup led by General Min Aung Hlaing's military junta not only threatened Myanmar's democracy but also triggered human rights violations, economic crisis, and refugee exodus. ASEAN, through mechanisms such as the ASEAN Institute for Peace and Reconciliation (AIPR), has attempted to mediate the conflict using a non-interventionist approach, yet its effectiveness is considered weak compared to sanctions imposed by Western countries such as the United States and the European Union. The main challenges for AIPR include its limited mandate, divergent interests among member states, and ASEAN's principle of respecting national sovereignty. This study concludes that a sustainable solution requires a multidimensional approach involving both international pressure and inclusive dialogue with all stakeholders in Myanmar.

The concept of restorative justice is being explored as an alternative approach to resolving conservation violations caused by ignorance, as demonstrated in the I Nyoman Sukena case in Indonesia. This research aims to examine the potential of restorative justice to deal with such cases more humanely and effectively. A normative juridical method was used, focusing on legal regulations and case analysis relating to wildlife conservation. The results show that restorative justice, which emphasizes dialogue and education, can prevent recurrence and foster public awareness of protected species without imposing strict criminal sanctions. This approach, which is in line with Indonesian values, can reduce the burden on the judiciary and support conservation goals.

This article discusses the strategic role of traditional leaders in building harmonious communities while preserving cultural heritage. Amidst the challenges of globalization, traditional leaders serve as guardians of tradition and motivators in educating the younger generation about their cultural values. Through various community activities, traditional leaders create spaces for dialogue that strengthen social ties and cooperation among community members. In addition, they also act as mediators in resolving conflicts, using local wisdom-based approaches to achieve peaceful solutions. Thus, this article highlights the importance of traditional leadership in creating social harmony and preserving cultural identity in the modern era.

This study examines the implementation of the legislative duties and functions of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (DPR RI) during the 2019–2024 period. Legislative function, as stipulated in Article 20A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, constitutes one of the core and most influential functions of the DPR, enabling it to affect various aspects of national governance. However, in practice, this function has not been carried out optimally. Legislative performance is evaluated not only in terms of the quantity of legislation produced but also in the quality of the laws enacted. Using a normative juridical research method, grounded in positivist legal theory. The findings indicate that throughout the 2019–2024 period, the DPR’s legislative performance has fluctuated and remained suboptimal. Of the 256 bills included in the National Legislative Program (Prolegnas), only 63 were enacted into law. Several inhibiting factors were identified, including the competency of members, lengthy decision-making procedures, political party composition, and limited public participation. This study underscores the importance of enhancing the capacity of DPR members through regular training and education. Greater transparency in the legislative process is also crucial to maintaining public trust. Furthermore, streamlining bill deliberation mechanisms and fostering inter-factional dialogue are essential strategies to accelerate consensus and improve legislative outcomes.

This research looks at the problem of what social, economic, and educational aspects are contained in the novel “Bekisar Merah” by Ahmad Tohari. The purpose of this research is to obtain the results of the analysis of the novel using the sociology of literature approach. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research and the data used in conducting this research are sentences and dialogues that show social aspects, economic aspects, and educational aspects in the novel “Bekisar Merah” by Ahmad Tohari. The data collection techniques used in this research are reading and note-taking techniques. The results of this research are social aspects, economic aspects and educational aspects contained in the novel “Bekisar Merah” by Ahmad Tohari.

This article examines the relationship between the Old Testament (OT) and the New Testament (NT) through a qualitative approach with a literature review method. The study aims to identify theological continuities and discontinuities between the two parts of the Bible as well as outline how the narrative of God's salvation develops from the OT to the NT. The analysis was conducted by examining various primary and secondary literature from theological scholars, biblical historians and commentators. The results show that despite differences in historical context and theological development, the OT and NT have an integral and complementary relationship, especially in terms of the fulfilment of prophecy, Messianic conception, and the unfolding of God's plan of salvation. The findings are expected to enrich the understanding of contemporary Christian theology and contribute to the dialogue between the OT and NT exegetical traditions.

The implementation of police discretion in the process of investigating criminal defamation cases shows that discretion is an important instrument for police officers in assessing, determining, and following up on a criminal report based on urgency, public interest, and the principles of proportionality and professionalism. In cases of defamation, which are often subjective and private, discretion allows investigators to consider various factors such as motive, impact, and the possibility of resolution outside the criminal path. Factors Affecting the Implementation of Police Discretion in the Process of Investigating Criminal Defamation Cases show that discretion is not carried out absolutely, but is influenced by various internal and external factors, namely: Legal and Regulatory Aspects, Case Characteristics, Professionalism and Ethics of Investigators, Social and Environmental Pressure, Facilities and Resources. Police Discretion should be regulated more clearly in positive law other than Law Number 2 of 2002 and the Criminal Procedure Code so that the principles of Legal Certainty and Respect for Human Rights are more apparent. Police offices need to provide special facilities such as mediation rooms that are neutral, comfortable, and support the creation of a dialogical atmosphere between the disputing parties. Increasing the number of investigators and managing a more balanced workload will provide space for investigators to consider the discretionary path more seriously without sacrificing work efficiency. The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for discretion at the Polres level needs to be adjusted to local socio-cultural characteristics. In Gorontalo, for example, a legal approach that is sensitive to family values and customs must be officially accommodated in work procedures.

Children's confidence in educational activities that are tried includes playing, dialogue in front of the class, daring to go forward alone without playing with their friends can increase self-confidence, the purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between peer support and the formation of confidence in children aged 5-6 years at Zainul Hasan Genggong Pajarakan Probolonggo Kindergarten This type of research is correlational analysis,  While the design used is a cross sectional approach. The population of this study is some children in Zainul Hasan Kindergarten who are 5-6 years old with a total of 44 respondents who were taken by simple random sampling. The data analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with che square test statistics. Based on the results of the most statistical test research between peer support and confidence building, namely the most peer support is in the high category, namely there are 30 people (68.2%) and the most confidence formation is in the high category, there are 33 people (75.0%). Based on the results of the chi square statistical test, a p-value was obtained. 0.002 where the result of p-value<a = 0.005, which means that there is a relationship between peer support and the formation of confidence in children aged 5-6 years at Zainul Hasan Genggong Pajarakan Kindergarten. It is hoped that health workers or researchers can continue to plan, add the right insight in the provision of services, for peers, especially about peer support with the formation of confidence.

From past to present, masculinity has continuously shaped how men are expected to behave in society, especially in adolescence. The television series Adolescence highlights these expectations by portraying different male characters in their daily interactions, reflecting how masculinity operates in real life. This study aims to explore the types of masculinity displayed in the series based on R.W. Connell’s theory (2005), which classifies masculinity into hegemonic, complicit, subordinate, and marginalized types. The research applies a qualitative descriptive method to examine social realities through selected dialogues and scenes. The findings reveal that hegemonic masculinity (64%) is the most frequently represented form, where dominance, toughness, and emotional restraint are highlighted as masculine ideals. Subordinate masculinity (27%) follows, showing that expressions such as emotional openness or queerness are still viewed as less masculine. Marginalized masculinity (9%) appears in contexts involving race and class, while complicit masculinity (5%) is rarely shown, suggesting that most characters either fully embody or struggle against dominant norms. The data shows how the media continues to uphold hegemonic masculinity while only subtly acknowledging its alternatives, offering insight into the gender dynamics experienced by teenage boys today.  

Sarcasm is often used in movies to create humor, but it can also show deeper emotions like anger, disappointment, or hidden criticism. In the movie Avengers: Endgame, sarcasm is used by many characters to express their feelings and relationships in a funny but meaningful way. This research aims to analyze how sarcasm is used in the movie and to identify which types of sarcasm appear the most. The researcher used Elisabeth Camp’s theory, which divides sarcasm into four types: propositional, lexical, like prefixed, and illocutionary sarcasm. The method used is descriptive qualitative, by watching the movie, collecting sarcastic dialogues, and analyzing them based on the theory. The result shows that propositional sarcasm is the most used (43%), followed by lexical sarcasm (36%), illocutionary sarcasm (14%), and like-prefixed sarcasm (7%). From these findings, it can be concluded that sarcasm in Avengers: Endgame is not only for jokes but also helps to express the characters’ emotions, conflicts, and closeness, making the dialogue more interesting and meaningful for the audience.  

This research examines the interaction between Paul's understanding of the Kingdom of God and Batak cultural values, especially in the social and spiritual aspects of Batak society. Paul taught that the Kingdom of God is not just a hope for the future, but a reality that is present in the lives of believers through righteousness, peace and joy. present in the lives of believers through righteousness, peace, and joy by the Holy Spirit. by the Holy Spirit. Meanwhile, Batak culture is shaped by principles such as Dalihan Na Tolu, the spirit of gotong royong (marsiadapari), and respect for ancestors, which form the basis of their social and ethical order. their social and ethical order. This research uses a literature study with a theological approach theological approach to examine the harmony and potential tensions between Paul's teachings and Batak customs. and Batak customs. The results of the analysis show that the encounter between the two can create a mutually enriching integration, where Batak customs can be given new meaning by the values of the gospel without losing the meaning of the gospel. given new meaning by gospel values without losing its cultural identity. Practically speaking, this dialogue encourages Batak Christians to apply the values of love, justice and service in the context of the Gospel. love, justice, and service in their cultural context, so that the Kingdom of God can be realised in everyday life that is relevant and down to earth. and down to earth.

This study examines the development of Christological understanding in various cultural, historical and social contexts. Christology, as the study of the person and work of Jesus Christ, is central to the Christian faith and influences mission and religious practice. This study analyzes the basic understanding of Christology, its relationship to mission, its role in cultural contexts, and its development from the first Christian generation to contemporary life. Christological challenges identified include the tension between Jesus' humanity and divinity, and the contextualization of Christ's teachings in a pluralistic society. The findings show that a comprehensive christological understanding can bridge cultural differences and enrich interfaith dialog. The study also underscores the importance of applying Christological principles in daily life to create positive social impact and strengthen mission commitments.

Feminism is a movement that fights for equality between men and women in all aspects of life, including social, political, and cultural. As one of the most influential media producers, Disney has long been criticized for presenting female characters in traditional and passive roles. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the feminist elements found in the film and how they reflect the development of gender equality values. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data taken directly from the 2025 live-action film Snow White. The analysis is supported by library research and based on Rosemarie Tong’s (2009) feminist theory, which categorizes feminism into eight types. The data is taken from several pictures, dialogues, monologues from Snow White (2025) movie and then analysis done contextually and theoretically. The findings show that the film most strongly reflects liberal feminism (35%), followed by radical and psychoanalytic feminism (24% each), with smaller portions of socialist, existentialist, and ecofeminism. The film presents Snow White not as a passive princess, but as a thoughtful and independent character who questions gender expectations and asserts her own values.

This article examines the foundational role of traditional methods in Arabic language instruction by exploring classical pedagogies rooted in Islamic educational heritage. Amid the rising dominance of modern and communicative approaches, a critical reassessment of historical methods—such as imlāʾ, talqīn, qirāʾah jahrīyah, ḥifẓ, and tarjamah—is necessary to understand their pedagogical strengths, limitations, and philosophical underpinnings. This study employs a reflective literature-based method that draws upon classical Islamic texts, modern comparative analyses, and recent academic contributions to reconstruct the theoretical framework of traditional instruction. Findings reveal that while classical methods emphasized memorization, authority, and textual mastery, they also embodied a coherent epistemology centered on ethical formation (adab), teacher–student transmission (taqlīd), and spiritual-intellectual integration. These methods were not only instructional techniques but were embedded within broader ontological and axiological assumptions about knowledge, language, and human development. The study argues that rather than being entirely outdated, elements of traditional pedagogy remain relevant and can be selectively integrated into modern educational models to balance structure with creativity, discipline with dialogue. By critically reviewing classical pedagogies, this article contributes to the discourse on Arabic language curriculum reform, especially in Islamic institutions seeking to preserve identity while engaging contemporary educational challenges