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The reciprocal tariff policy has a significant impact on a number of countries, including Indonesia. In this scheme, Indonesian non-oil and gas products are subject to a tariff of 32% when entering the US market. Such a high tariff places Indonesian exporters in a less competitive position compared to other countries that have more favorable trade arrangements with the United States. This condition becomes more complex when viewed in the broader context of the US-EU trade war, which creates uncertainty and turbulence in the global economy. Indonesian exports are affected both directly and indirectly. Indirect impacts can be seen from disruptions to the global supply chain, the slowdown in the world economy, and decreased global demand. As global production networks become increasingly interconnected, any disruption in major economies will ultimately suppress demand for Indonesian export commodities. This means that even if Indonesian products are not directly targeted, the ripple effects of global trade tensions will still hinder Indonesia’s export performance. For instance, reduced consumption in Europe and the US due to rising product prices and inflation will diminish market opportunities for Indonesian goods.On the other hand, direct impacts arise because several Indonesian products have been explicitly subjected to tariffs by the US government. These include textiles and textile products (TPT), electronics and their components, footwear, furniture, and palm oil (crude palm oil/CPO). Such tariffs significantly reduce Indonesia’s competitiveness in the US market, potentially leading to decreased export volumes, lower revenues for domestic industries, and job losses in export-oriented sectors. Furthermore, the policy also makes European products much more expensive in the US market, which worsens the global supply chain, increases logistics costs, triggers inflation, and escalates uncertainty in international trade.

The agricultural sector is one of the main pillars in the national economy because it makes a significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), absorbs labor, and is the main livelihood for most Indonesians, especially in rural areas. Among various agricultural subsectors, vegetables have an important role as a commodity that not only meets the needs of household consumption, but also becomes a major source of income for farmers. However, vegetable farmers are often faced with serious problems that directly impact their well-being. One of the main problems is price instability. During the harvest, the abundance of production causes the price of vegetables to fall drastically so that it is not able to cover the capital costs that have been incurred. This is experienced by vegetable farmers in Ngablak District, Magelang Regency, where the selling price of vegetables at harvest time is very cheap, often even below production costs, so that farmers suffer big losses. Reflecting on these problems, this community service activity is present with the theme "we buy, we distribute." This concept is carried out by buying vegetables directly from local farmers at a more decent price than the market price during the harvest. The vegetables that have been purchased are then not resold for profit, but are distributed for free to people who really need them, especially residents in Kepanjen Hamlet, Trimulyo, Sleman. Thus, this activity provides dual benefits, namely helping farmers to continue to earn a decent income and supporting community food security through the distribution of vegetables for free. This program is also a form of social solidarity between farmers and the community, as well as a simple but real solution in dealing with the problem of fluctuations in the price of agricultural products.

At the Sumatera Province Tanjung Morawa District exactly at Bangun Rejo Vilage, The high prevalence of anxiety among pregnant women in this region is influenced by high salt consumption exceeding recommendations, irregular eating patterns due to the background of the majority of the population as fishermen, and low compliance with pharmacological therapy due to concerns about side effects on the fetus. As a mitigation effort, non-pharmacological interventions were carried out in the form of music therapy and education about healthy eating patterns. This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to increase knowledge and reduce anxiety levels in pregnant women through lecture methods and the application of music therapy. The implementation method includes health education and structured music therapy. The results of the intervention showed an 89% increase in knowledge of pregnant women regarding diet, as well as a decrease in anxiety levels with an average value (mean) of 1.17 in the third to fourth week of therapy.

The nutritional status of elementary school children serves as a vital indicator of their overall growth, development, and future health outcomes. Poor nutritional status, whether in the form of undernutrition or overweight, can lead to a range of health and academic performance issues. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of Grade 4A students at SD 064981 Cempaka Raya using anthropometric measurements and to examine the association between snacking habits and nutritional categories. A descriptive quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a total sampling approach involving all 20 students in the class. Data collection consisted of direct height and weight measurements conducted according to standardized procedures. The data were then analyzed using the WHO Anthro Plus software to classify nutritional status into undernourished, normal, overweight, and obese categories. Additionally, information on students’ snacking habits during school hours was obtained through structured questionnaires. The results indicated that 25% of students were undernourished, 50% had normal nutritional status, 20% were overweight, and 5% were obese. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test demonstrated a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.001) between snacking behavior and nutritional status. Specifically, all students who reported frequent consumption of snacks at school were classified as overweight or obese, whereas those who did not engage in frequent snacking predominantly fell within the undernourished or normal categories. These findings highlight the potential role of unhealthy snacking patterns in contributing to excessive weight gain among school-age children. Based on the results, it is recommended that nutrition education programs be implemented for both students and parents, coupled with stricter regulations on the availability and sale of high-calorie snack foods within the school environment. Such measures may serve as preventive strategies to promote healthy growth, maintain optimal nutritional status, and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases later in life.

This study aims to analyze the electrical energy consumption of a bench-type drilling machine, RYU RDB 13, by varying machining parameters in the form of spindle speed and feed rate. Electrical energy is a critical aspect of production efficiency in the manufacturing industry, particularly in machining processes that require continuous power consumption throughout the cutting operation. The material used in this study is aluminum 6061, chosen for its lightweight, corrosion resistance, and wide application in the automotive and aerospace industries. The drilling process was carried out using three spindle speed variations: 620 rpm, 920 rpm, and 1280 rpm, along with three feed rate variations: 0.04 mm/rev, 0.08 mm/rev, and 0.1 mm/rev. Current and voltage were measured using a digital wattmeter in real-time, and energy consumption was calculated in wattseconds (Ws) using power calculation formulas. The results indicate that increasing the feed rate and spindle speed leads to higher instantaneous power consumption. However, total energy consumption tends to decrease at higher speed and feed combinations due to shorter machining times. The optimal parameter combination was found at a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev and a spindle speed of 1280 rpm, which resulted in the lowest energy consumption of 387 Ws and the fastest drilling time. This demonstrates that selecting the right machining parameters not only improves energy efficiency but also maintains or enhances productivity. The observed power consumption pattern typically shows a sharp increase at the beginning of the drilling process, a stable phase during the main cutting stage, and a rapid decrease towards the end of the cut. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between machining parameters and energy efficiency, serving as a basis for developing sustainable production strategies in the manufacturing sector that prioritize energy savings and cost reduction.

Background: Anemia during pregnancy remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, contributing to increased maternal and fetal morbidity. Iron supplementation often faces challenges in compliance and side effects, prompting the need for natural alternatives. Natural honey has been shown to help increase hemoglobin levels due to its iron, folate, and antioxidant content. Objective: This community service aimed to educate pregnant women on the benefits and utilization of natural honey as a complementary strategy to prevent anemia. Method: The activity was conducted at PMB CH Mala in Palembang City using health education sessions, demonstrations, and distribution of printed educational materials. Participants' knowledge and hemoglobin levels were assessed pre- and post-intervention using a questionnaire and digital hemoglobinometer. The intervention lasted for 2 weeks, with honey consumption recommended at 2 tablespoons daily. Results: There was a notable improvement in participants' knowledge about anemia and the role of honey. Preliminary observations also showed a slight increase in hemoglobin levels among pregnant women who regularly consumed honey during the intervention period. Conclusion: Educational intervention on the use of natural honey proved effective in improving knowledge and potentially supporting anemia prevention among pregnant women. Further studies are recommended to evaluate long-term outcomes and larger-scale implementation.

Anemia is a common health problem among adolescent girls, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. This condition is generally caused by insufficient iron intake, an unbalanced diet, and increased iron requirements during growth. Anemia not only impacts physical health but also affects concentration, productivity, and quality of life. Therefore, interventions based on nutrition education and the utilization of local food sources are crucial in sustainable anemia prevention efforts. One potential complementary therapy alternative is the consumption of herbal drinks based on moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera). Moringa leaves are known to be rich in iron, vitamin A, and antioxidants that play a role in red blood cell formation. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and skills of adolescent girls in utilizing moringa leaves as a natural source of iron. The target group is grade 10 and 11 female students at SMA Sejahtera Palembang, which was held in June 2025. The activity methods included a nutrition lecture on anemia and the importance of iron, an interactive discussion on the benefits of moringa leaves, and hands-on practice in making herbal moringa drinks (such as moringa leaf tea and moringa juice). The material was delivered using a communicative and participatory approach to actively engage participants. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' understanding of the causes of anemia, the benefits of moringa leaves, and their willingness to consume herbal drinks as a preventative measure. Most participants also expressed interest in trying to make their own moringa herbal drink at home. This activity is expected to become part of school-based promotional and preventive efforts to address anemia in adolescent girls.

In promoting a cultural arts performance, the success of an event is determined not only by the quality of the performance itself but also by the effectiveness of the marketing communication strategy implemented. In today’s digital era, organizers of cultural art performances face increasingly complex challenges, including shifts in audience media consumption behavior, rapid developments in communication technology, and the need to build sustained digital engagement between organizers and stakeholders.This study adopts the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) theory to examine the marketing communication strategies implemented by the Department of Culture and Tourism of Surakarta City in promoting the Solo International Performing Arts (SIPA) event in 2024. The research methodology includes in-depth interviews with organizers and document analysis of promotional materials and publication activities.The findings indicate that the department applied eight elements of integrated marketing communication: advertising, sales promotion, events and experiences, public relations and publicity, direct marketing, interactive marketing, mobile marketing, and personal selling. Each element was carried out synergistically to build awareness, attract public interest, and shape a positive image of the SIPA event in society.The implemented strategy has successfully reached a broader audience through digital channels such as social media and official websites, as well as through direct approaches like local media publications and collaboration with art communities. However, challenges remain in delivering more innovative and creative promotional content to enhance the event’s appeal. These findings offer important implications for cultural event managers, emphasizing the need for structured, consistent, and audience-relevant promotional strategies in the digital era. A well-integrated marketing communication approach not only strengthens public engagement but also reinforces the identity and sustainability of cultural events like SIPA on both local and international levels.

Improving the quality of children's health is one of the main priorities in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in addressing stunting prevention in Indonesia. Stunting remains a serious challenge in public health development, especially among young children who suffer from chronic malnutrition. To tackle this issue, effective nutritional education is essential, especially for young mothers who play a central role in caregiving and determining their children's dietary intake. In line with the shift in information consumption patterns from conventional media to digital platforms, social media is becoming increasingly significant as a channel for health communication and education. One emerging phenomenon in this context is the rise of public figures from the medical profession actively sharing health-related content online, commonly referred to as “doctor influencers.” This study aims to analyze the digital communication strategies employed by doctor influencers, using the Instagram account @mizaafrizal, owned by Dr. Miza Afrizal, as a case study, focusing on how he educates young mothers about child nutrition. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques such as content observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review on digital communication and health promotion. The findings indicate that Dr. Miza employs a persuasive and interactive communication strategy through the use of humanistic language, visually engaging content, and scientifically supported information in each post. He also leverages Instagram features like reels, stories, and the comment section to establish two-way communication with his followers. Dr. Miza’s credibility as a pediatrician enhances the reception of his messages. His approachable, clear, and educational style of delivery successfully captures the attention of young mothers and increases their understanding of the importance of nutrition in early childhood development. These findings highlight the influential role of doctor influencers as change agents in raising public awareness about child nutrition. Moreover, they contribute positively to digital-based health promotion efforts in Indonesia, showing the potential of social media as a powerful platform to support national health initiatives.  

The Rice Bowl (Nasi Mangkok) culinary business in Indonesia has experienced rapid growth after the COVID-19 pandemic and has become a key part of the modern food industry, meeting consumer demand for convenience and taste. Since 2020, rice bowl sales have continued to rise annually, driven by shifting consumption habits toward food delivery services like GoFood and GrabFood. Despite this trend, academic studies on the rice bowl business remain limited. Classified as convenience food, rice bowl consumption has increased by over 10% from 2019 to the projected figures in 2025. Sales volume has risen from 1.5 billion portions in 2020 to over 3 billion in 2025, with an annual growth rate of 10–15% and estimated revenues between IDR 15–20 trillion per year. With rising demand, many rice bowl brands have entered the market. However, consumers often struggle to decide which brand to choose, as purchasing decisions are influenced by multiple factors. This study analyzes consumer behavior influencing rice bowl purchasing decisions, focusing on cultural, social, psychological, and personal factors, with a case study in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. Using an explanatory research design, the study surveyed 161 consumers across four sales locations.The F-test results show that all four variables simultaneously have a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions (at the 99% confidence level). However, the t-test results reveal that the cultural factor (X1) negatively influences purchasing decisions, while social, psychological, and personal factors have a positive impact. Among these, the psychological factor (X3) is the most dominant, highlighting the importance of consumer motivation and perception in shaping buying behavior. Enhancing this factor can support the sustainable growth of rice bowl businesses in Sidoarjo.

Digital resolution has accelerated fundamental transformations in the retail and financial sectors, which has implications for significant changes in public consumption. E-commerce platforms now provide a diversification of payment methods to optimize the consumer experience, including the implementation of a delayed payment system (paylater). This study aims to analyze the influence of ease of use and perceived security on doom spending behavior among college students using Shopee PayLater. This study adopted a quantitative approach using a survey design as the research method. The data collection process was carried out through a questionnaire instrument distributed to 100 student respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using various statistical techniques including instrument validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing using SPSS version 25 software. Partially, the ease of use variable did not show a significant influence on student doom spending behavior. Conversely, the security variable showed a significant positive influence on doom spending tendencies among college students using the Shopee PayLater service. When analyzed simultaneously, both the ease of use and security variables showed a positive and significant influence on doom spending behavior of Shopee PayLater users.

This research is motivated by the rampant circulation of repackaged products that have not been fully supervised. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the legal protection provided to consumers and the effectiveness of the role of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) in conducting supervision. The purpose of this study is to determine the legal protection provided to consumers of packaged food products and to determine the extent to which BPOM carries out its role as a supervisory agency in ensuring the safety of these products. This research uses a normative legal approach with a qualitative approach, through literature study and interviews as a complement. The results show that business actors are required to re-register repackaged products in accordance with food safety regulations. This is a preventive measure to ensure that products in circulation are safe for consumption and provide effective legal protection for consumers. The findings also indicate that BPOM supervision still needs strengthening, both in terms of regulations, resources, and community outreach.  

During the COVID-19 pandemic, women in Bangladesh encountered higher financial crises than men. This aggravated pre-existent gender disparities in employment, income, and resource consumption. Therefore, the study investigates the extent to which the pandemic exacerbated discrepancies. It provides remedies based on proliferating electronic commerce networks. Furthermore, data from the World Bank, International Labor Organization, and UN for Women was gathered to evaluate the gender-based impact of COVID-19 on economic opportunities within Bangladesh, influencing e-commerce from an economic perspective across Bangladesh. The research findings reveal that Bangladesh possesses the potential to encompass electronic commerce within economic settings and empower women to engage in economic projects. Furthermore, the research recommends focusing on different cultural and policy settings to create further economic opportunities in Bangladesh. Future studies should attempt to study the effects of infrastructure and cultural norms on e-commerce and its potential to bridge the gender gap across varying regional settings.

This study aims to explore the behavioral dynamics of Generation Z (Gen Z) toward digital culinary brands on TikTok, a platform increasingly central to youth consumer engagement. The research investigates how Gen Z interacts with, interprets, and forms relationships with culinary content in a digital environment shaped by algorithmic trends and participatory culture. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 Gen Z participants aged 18–24 years who actively engage with culinary brand content on TikTok. Additional data were obtained from observational analysis of brand-related content and user interactions on the platform. Thematic analysis revealed three core themes: emotional engagement with sensory-rich food content, digital consumption as identity performance, and expectations of brand authenticity and interactivity. Participants expressed strong affective responses to visually appealing and immersive content, linked their brand preferences to personal values and social identity, and favored brands that demonstrated responsiveness, humor, and human-like interaction. These findings highlight the role of TikTok not only as a marketing tool but as a cultural space where brand perception and loyalty are socially constructed. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of consumer engagement by situating Gen Z’s behavior within a sociocultural and digital framework. Practically, it offers insights for culinary brands to develop more authentic, interactive, and value-driven content strategies. The findings also suggest implications for digital marketing policies and content regulation. Future research is recommended to explore cross-platform behaviors and cultural variations in digital brand engagement.

Infused water is a functional beverage made by soaking slices of fruits, vegetables, and herbs in mineral water to produce a natural flavor and enhance nutritional content. In recent years, infused water has become part of a healthy lifestyle trend due to its claimed benefits, including detoxification, improved hydration, and immune system enhancement. This article aims to review the latest scientific literature on the potential benefits of infused water on immune function, particularly in the context of regular consumption of natural ingredients such as lemon, ginger, strawberries, and herbs that are rich in vitamin C, antioxidants, and flavonoids. The review was conducted by searching scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, using inclusion criteria that covered publications from 2020 to 2024. The findings indicate that infused water containing vitamin C, gingerol, and polyphenolic compounds can help improve immune function by reducing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, and stimulating immune cell activity such as lymphocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, optimal hydration from infused water supports various physiological processes of the immune system. In conclusion, infused water holds potential as a simple, natural, and cost-effective strategy to support immune health. However, further research is needed to evaluate its efficacy, optimal formulations, and dosage for maximum benefit.

This paper examines how The Picture Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde marks a critical turn in which he critiques late-Victorian upper-class privilege and moral immunity. While previous scholarship has predominantly analyzed the novel as a moral allegory or aesthetic treatise, this study employs cultural materialism as a theoretical framework to demonstrate how Wilde uses Dorian’s isolation of his portrait and subsequent hedonistic experimentation as symbolic representations of the aristocracy’s ability to shield him from moral and social consequences. Wilde’s text reveals how the English aristocracy could embody ideals of beauty and reap princely treatment while committing debauchery without reproach. Through Culler’s close reading method toward this novel, especially chapters eight and nine, this analysis reveals how Dorian’s act of hiding the portrait symbolizes social denial, while his obsessive aesthetic consumption reflects the practices of the leisure class. This shows that Wilde hints Dorian’s social circle accepts his sensual life simply because his appearance remains unmarred–a commentary on class privilege. By examining the specific textual elements and historical context of—especially—chapters eight and nine of this novel, this study contributes to the understanding of how Wilde’s novel serves as both a product of and commentary on the class structures and moral hypocrisy of late-Victorian England.

Formalin is a 37% formaldehyde solution in water, commonly misused as a food preservative despite its toxicity and prohibition in food products. This study aimed to determine the presence and levels of formalin in wet noodles sold at Peunayong Market, Banda Aceh, using visible spectrophotometry. A descriptive design was applied to three randomly selected samples. Qualitative tests using multiple reagents (Schiff, Schryver, KMnO₄, and a test kit) showed negative results for formalin presence. However, quantitative analysis with Spectroquant Prove 300 revealed that all samples contained formalin levels exceeding the acceptable standard. The concentrations ranged from 0.7433 mg/L to 0.8766 mg/L, indicating that the products are unsafe for consumption. These findings underline the need for stricter monitoring and improved food safety awareness among producers and consumers in traditional markets.

The rapid growth of motor vehicles, exceeding 169 million units in Indonesia by 2025, highlights the urgent need for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly transportation solutions, such as hybrid vehicles. Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors are crucial components in these systems due to their high efficiency and compact design, particularly when directly integrated into wheels. This study specifically aims to analyze the impact of varying loads on the power consumption of a BLDC motor within a front-wheel-drive hybrid motorcycle prototype equipped with a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) system. Experimental data was collected using a wattmeter on a prototype subjected to different passenger loads: 55 kg, 75 kg, and 100 kg, at constant speeds of 20 and 40 km/h. The findings consistently show that an increase in load significantly and positively correlates with higher power consumption of the BLDC motor. For instance, at 40 km/h, power consumption for a 100 kg load reached 729.578 Watt, whereas for a 55 kg load it was 649.605 Watt. This demonstrates that greater effort (power) is required from the motor to overcome the inertia and increased resistance associated with heavier loads. These results contribute to optimizing energy efficiency in hybrid vehicle design and underscore the importance of load management for sustainable transportation.

Iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy remains a major public health concern in developing countries. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of iron and folic acid supplementation, known as iron tablets, in reducing the risk of anemia among pregnant women. A descriptive qualitative literature review method was employed by analyzing nine eligible studies published between 2013 and 2023. Articles were selected from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using specific keywords. The findings suggest that regular consumption of iron tablets, particularly starting in the second trimester and meeting the minimum recommended dose of 90 tablets, is effective in improving hemoglobin levels and lowering anemia prevalence. However, compliance remains a significant challenge, influenced by side effects, maternal knowledge, and social support. The review highlights the need for behavior-based interventions and family involvement to enhance adherence. The implication of this review supports the integration of targeted health education and follow-up strategies within antenatal care services to reduce anemia-related risks in pregnancy.

Efficient drug inventory management is a critical factor in ensuring medicine availability and optimizing procurement budgets in healthcare facilities. This study aims to analyze drug inventory at Tritya Eye Clinic Surabaya using the ABC (Always, Better, Control), VEN (Vital, Essential, Non-Essential), and EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) methods to improve procurement budget efficiency. A quantitative descriptive approach with a case study method was employed. Data were collected from drug usage records, stock opname reports, and procurement documents from in 2024. The findings reveal that the combined ABC-VEN method effectively identifies priority drug groups based on consumption value and clinical importance, while the EOQ method determines optimal ordering quantities to minimize total inventory costs. The integrated application of these methods successfully reduces overstock and stockout incidents and enhances procurement budget efficiency. This study recommends inventory management based on historical usage data and strategic classification to achieve more accurate and cost-effective drug procurement planning.