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This study aims to analyze the effect of body angle variations on propulsion force, drag coefficient, and freestyle swimming performance using a biomechanical approach. Movement efficiency in swimming plays a crucial role in improving athlete performance. This study employed a quantitative experimental design with university or club-level swimmers with at least three years of training experience as subjects. Subjects were selected through purposive sampling with the criteria of being healthy, familiar with freestyle techniques, and willing to follow the research procedures. The instruments used included 3D motion capture to record body angles and movement coordination, force sensors to measure propulsion force and drag coefficient, and a timekeeping system to calculate average speed. The body angle variations tested were 0°, 15°, and 30°, each with three replications. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe the mean, standard deviation, and data distribution, and comparative statistics (ANOVA or paired t-test) to compare performance between angle variations. The results showed that a 15° body angle provided optimal performance, with increased average speed and propulsion efficiency compared to 0° and 30° body angles. These findings confirm that body angle regulation plays a crucial role in reducing water resistance and increasing propulsion. The study concluded that a 15° body angle is the ideal position for improving freestyle swimming performance. Further research is recommended to expand the number of subjects, explore variations in other swimming strokes, and integrate physiological data for more comprehensive results.

Literacy and numeracy programs play a crucial role in improving education quality, especially at the elementary school level. This study aims to optimize literacy and numeracy programs through a structured mentoring approach at SDN Grujugan Larangan, Larangan Luar Village, Larangan Subdistrict, Pamekasan Regency. The research method used is action research with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative approach is used to understand teachers' and students' perceptions of the mentoring program, while the quantitative approach is applied to measure the improvement in students' literacy and numeracy skills after participating in the program. The results indicate that structured mentoring significantly enhances students' literacy and numeracy skills, as evidenced by the increased average scores in reading, writing, and arithmetic. Furthermore, active teacher involvement in the mentoring process contributes to the program's success. Thus, implementing a structured mentoring program can be an effective model to improve the quality of primary education in rural areas.

This study aims to evaluate various strategies for optimizing parking fees to increase their contribution to the PAD of Malang Regency. The method used is a combination of primary data collection through direct interviews with the Malang District Transportation Office and secondary data in the form of literature, laws and regulations, and data from BPS Malang District. The results showed that there are 68 official parking spots in Kepanjen, all of which are categorized as Public Parking Lots (TJU) with deposits varying from Rp10,000 to Rp300,000 per week. Planned optimization efforts include digitizing the QRIS-based retribution collection system and improving supervision through regular monitoring, applying strict sanctions, and curbing illegal parking attendants. The Malang District Transportation Office targets to increase the contribution of the parking sector to PAD by 20% per year with a target revenue from public roadside parking services by 2025. The implementation of a comprehensive optimization strategy has implications for increasing the effectiveness, transparency, and accountability of parking management so that it can make a significant contribution to strengthening regional finances.

The purpose of this community service activity is to enhance the innovation and product visualization of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) Dapur 80 to increase consumer awareness and familiarity with its products. Through observations and interviews, several challenges were identified, including Dapur 80 lacked a consistent visual identity, used simple product packaging, had an unorganized menu, and did not have an appealing business location marker. To address these issues, the activity focused on designing and producing menu catalogs, product stickers, and a neon box—each playing a crucial role in enhancing product appeal. The results indicated successful implementation: catalogs were distributed to resellers, 100 stickers were printed and applied to product packaging, and one neon box was installed at the business location. An evaluation with the owner revealed satisfaction with the developed promotional media. Within just ten days of use, Dapur 80 recorded an increase of 11 new customers. However, the project was limited by its relatively short duration of one month, which constrained the measurement of long-term impacts. Despite this limitation, the community service activity contributed significantly to improving Dapur 80’s sales performance, demonstrating that enhanced product visualization can attract consumer attention, stimulate demand, and increase turnover.

This study aims to develop a natural-based herbal shampoo using Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn leaves and Carica papaya L. seeds as a safer and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic shampoos, which often contain harmful chemicals. Ceiba pentandra leaves contain active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins with antibacterial properties, while Carica papaya seeds contain glucoside circirindan, which is beneficial for treating gray hair. The research method involves the use of influence diagrams and mathematical models to determine the most effective ingredient formulation. The experimental results showed that the best composition consists of 60 grams of Ceiba pentandra leaves, 30 grams of Carica papaya seeds, 5 grams of texavon, 10 grams of NaCl, and 350 ml of distilled water. The resulting herbal shampoo product is not only effective and economical but also environmentally friendly.

This community service program aims to assist Deppa Tori’ business actors in optimizing production and financial management in order to improve the quality, capacity, and sustainability of their business. The methods used in this program include training, direct assistance, and implementation of more efficient production strategies and more systematic financial records. In addition, this program also prioritizes branding and marketing aspects that are in line with local tourism potential, so that Deppa Tori’ can be better known as a typical souvenir that supports the tourism industry in the Toraja area. The expected results of this activity are increased production efficiency, better product quality standards, and a more organized financial system for Deppa Tori’ business actors. Thus, MSMEs can develop more professionally and contribute to strengthening the local creative economy and tourism sectors.

Loading and unloading activities are activities of moving goods from sea transportation to land transportation or vice versa. The problem in this study is that ship delays often occur, resulting in delays in loading and unloading. The objectives of this study are 1) To determine the optimization of receiving and sending goods. 2) To find out how to manage goods so that they are not lost 3) To find out how to check stock so that goods in the warehouse are not damaged. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. This research was conducted at PT. Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia (Persero) Batam branch from February to May 2023. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. While the informants in this study were operational and service staff. The results of this study are: Optimization of receipt and delivery of goods, namely a process to optimize the level of utility for receipt and delivery of goods How to manage goods that are still manual so that there is no loss / damage to goods, namely sufficient storage space because if a warehouse has sufficient storage space, the goods stored in the warehouse are more neatly arranged and give a code to each item The purpose of giving a code to each item is so that there is no mistake in taking the goods available or in the warehouse and Conducting routine recording Routine recording is carried out so that every item that comes out or comes in is always under supervision, so that when checking the goods there is no loss.  

Penelitian ini menyoroti tantangan retensi karyawan Generasi Z di Indonesia, yang memiliki preferensi kerja berbeda dari generasi sebelumnya. Dengan menggunakan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dari 35 penelitian antara 2013-2024, ditemukan bahwa fleksibilitas kerja, pengembangan karier, kompensasi yang kompetitif, dan budaya organisasi yang mendukung inovasi adalah faktor utama yang meningkatkan loyalitas Generasi Z. Perusahaan yang menawarkan lingkungan kerja fleksibel, sistem kompensasi berbasis penghargaan, serta program pelatihan dan mentoring berbasis teknologi lebih efektif dalam mempertahankan karyawan muda. Disarankan agar organisasi mengadopsi kebijakan retensi adaptif, termasuk program kesejahteraan mental, kepemimpinan transparan, dan optimalisasi teknologi digital. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengeksplorasi peran mentoring, kesejahteraan mental, dan dampak platform kerja digital dalam meningkatkan keterikatan karyawan Generasi Z.

Bangli Regency created an e-government  based public complaints program called Bangli Era Baru 24 Hour Fast Service. Implementation of this program builds synergy among all public service delivery organizations, one of which is Perumda Air Minum Tirta Danu Arta. However, in implementing this synergy there are still various problems. This research aims to determine the extent of the synergy in handling complaints about clean water services in Bangli Regency from an electronic government perspective and analyze the influencing factors. This research applies descriptive qualitative research methods with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The results show that the synergy between Diskominfosan and Perumda Air Minum Tirta Danu Arta in handling clean water service complaints has gone well. The support and value elements have been fulfilled because there is clear regulatory support, stakeholder commitment, and benefits felt by the community and stakeholders. However, there are elements of capacity that have not been met because there are challenges such as limited human resources and a minimal budget for managing complaint channels. The recommendations include increasing human resource capacity, better budget allocation, and optimizing outreach to increase community participation. Kabupaten Bangli menciptakan sebuah program pengaduan masyarakat berbasis e-government  yang bernama Layanan Cepat 24 Jam Bangli Era Baru. Implementasi program tersebut membangun sinergi seluruh organisasi penyelenggara layanan publik, salah satunya adalah Perumda Air Minum Tirta Danu Arta. Namun dalam pelaksanaan sinergi ini masih memiliki berbagai permasalahan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk  mengetahui sejauh mana sinergi  penanganan pengaduan pelayanan air bersih di Kabupaten Bangli dari sudut pandang electronic government dan menganalisis faktor–faktor apa yang mempengaruhi. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sinergi antara Diskominfosan dan Perumda Air Minum Tirta Danu Arta dalam menangani pengaduan  pelayanan air bersih telah berjalan baik. Elemen dukungan (support) dan manfaat (value) sudah terpenuhi karena terdapat dukungan regulasi yang jelas, komitmen pemangku kepentingan, dan manfaat yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat maupun para pemangku kepentingan. Namun, terdapat elemen kemampuan (capacity) belum terpenuhi karena terdapat tantangan seperti terbatasnya sumber daya manusia dan minimnya anggaran untuk pengelolaan kanal pengaduan. Pemberian rekomendasi mencakup peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, alokasi anggaran yang lebih baik, dan optimalisasi sosialisasi untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat.

This research aims to increase knowledge and skills in the futsal sports training program at SMA Negeri 3 Sentani. The PkM activity involved 20 participants with a focus on increasing understanding and skills in the quality of futsal game techniques and tactics. The methods used include explaining theoretical understanding, applying theory, as well as direct practice sessions to improve participants' understanding and skills. The results of the activity showed that 3 people or 15% of participants had a good understanding of the pretest, while 17 people or 85% of participants had limited understanding. After participating in the program, the posttest results showed a significant improvement where 18 people or 90% gained good understanding, while only 2 people or 10% still needed additional understanding. The implication of this activity is that it is hoped that teachers who take part in the training will gain increased competence in designing and implementing futsal training programs, so that they can develop students more effectively, improve school achievement, and enrich PJOK learning methods

This study aims to analyze the optimization of technology and digital marketing strategies in enhancing the competitiveness of Bakpia Wong Yogyakarta SMEs. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research explores the application of technology in production processes, such as modern machinery and production management systems, as well as digital marketing strategies through social media, e-commerce, and SEO. The findings reveal that technology utilization increases production efficiency by up to 30%, while digital marketing via online platforms boosts sales by 40%. However, challenges such as limited skilled human resources and digital infrastructure remain significant. This study recommends investing in human resource training, developing more integrated digital strategies, and product innovation to strengthen the competitiveness of SMEs in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the role of the Correctional Center (Bapas) in community empowerment through the “Bapas Goes to Village” program and its impact on efforts to minimize social stigma against correctional clients who are carrying out the social reintegration process. The program is designed to increase community understanding of the duties and functions of Bapas and the importance of community involvement in the supervision and guidance of correctional clients. In this study, a qualitative approach was used with a case study method involving in-depth interviews with Bapas officers, correctional clients, and the community around the program implementation location. The results showed that the “Bapas Goes to Village” program plays a significant role in strengthening the synergy between Bapas, correctional clients, and the community. The program succeeded in reducing social stigma by increasing community knowledge and awareness about the importance of social support for correctional clients. Support from various elements of the community proved effective in helping correctional clients adapt back into their social environment, as well as reducing the risk of recidivism.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of training on the use of technology in learning, with a special focus on the use of the Kahoot! platform to improve teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and motivation at SDIT Annawawi Metro. The training was held for three days, from December 5 to 7, 2024, at the SDIT Annawawi Metro Hall and was attended by 26 teachers and the principal. The research method used was a quantitative approach with a pre-post questionnaire design. Pre-training and post-training questionnaires measuring knowledge, attitudes, and motivation towards the use of technology in learning were distributed before and after the training. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests for paired samples. The results showed a significant increase in all measured variables. The mean score on the post-training questionnaire increased significantly compared to the pre-training questionnaire, indicating that the training was successful in improving teachers' competence and confidence in integrating technology in learning. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p <0.05), which supports the hypothesis that learning technology training improves teachers' knowledge and positive attitudes towards the use of technology in learning. The conclusion of this study shows that the use of technology, especially Kahoot!, effectively improves the quality of learning and can be further integrated into learning programs in schools. Recommendations for further studies include the implementation of similar training in various educational contexts and long-term evaluation of its impact on teaching practices.

The establishment of a waste bank program in Sabatan Hamlet, Ringinanom Village, Magelang Regency, is one of the solutions to address the increasing household waste problem. This program was carried out through the Community Service Program (KKN) of Tidar University from January to February 2025, with the aim of raising public awareness about the importance of environmentally friendly waste management. This research used a descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques including open interviews, field surveys, and focus group discussions (FGD). The program implementation was conducted in four main stages: preparation, socialization, execution, and assistance. During the execution phase, the "UD Sregep" waste bank was successfully established, focusing on the management of paper, plastic bottles, and cans. Additionally, the program successfully integrated inorganic waste management with Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot cultivation for organic waste, creating a sustainable waste management system that holds economic value for the community. The program received positive support from various stakeholders, including the community, village government, and other parties, demonstrating its success in improving the welfare of the community through waste utilization.

This study aims to analyze the urgency of establishing an alternative institution for resolving agrarian disputes in the legal system in Indonesia. Land itself functions as a social asset and a capital asset. The role of land as a social asset is interpreted as a tool to strengthen social unity in people's lives, while capital assets are interpreted as land being an essential factor for development. The interest of every person to be able to own and control land for the benefit of life is the most basic thing why there must be serious efforts in handling agrarian conflicts in Indonesia. This study identifies two main issues, namely first, what is the urgency of establishing an alternative institution for resolving agrarian disputes in an effort to optimize conflict resolution, and second, what form of alternative dispute resolution is used in an alternative institution for resolving disputes in the agrarian sector. The research method used is normative research using a statutory approach, relying on statutory regulations as the main basis for conducting analysis and producing new concepts in handling conflicts. The results of this study indicate that although in practice there are already institutions that have the authority to resolve. However, in its implementation, there are still various obstacles, both in terms of procedural and implementation in the field. This is what then encourages the presence of a new legal system ecosystem for more concrete conflict handling in the agrarian sector.

This study aims to provide an understanding of the optimization of the development of the Kampung Sawah tourist village which focuses on tourism trends that provide direct benefits to local communities, the role of villages in the local economy, making tourist villages based on sustainable tourism, the implementation of tourism pentahelix and digitalization ecosystems at the Kampung Sawah tourist attraction in Talagasari Village, Kawali District, Ciamis Regency. The methods used include the case study approach method. The activity mechanism consists of several stages, namely field surveys and data analysis. This activity begins with direct observation, interviews and identification of problems with related parties in Talagasari Village. The results of this service show that the managers of tourist attractions are able to try to re-operate the Kampung Sawah tourist attraction, this will be discussed again and evaluated together with the village government, Village Community Institutions and the Community.

This study aims to assess the optimization of organic fertilizer in plant growth kale (Ipomea sp.) using a hydroponic system. The research method used is a complete random design of 2 factorial. The first factor is the concentration of POC which consists of 3 levels of treatment, namely K1 = 100 ml POC + 1 L of water. K2 = 200 ml of POC + 2 L of water. K3= 300 ml of POC + 3 L of water. The second factor is the frequency of administration of POC (W) which consists of 3 levels of treatment W1 = every 2 days W2 = every 4 days, W3 = every 6 days. So there are 9 combinations, namely: K1W1, K1W2, K1W3, K2W1, K2W2, K2W3, K3W1, K3W2, K3W3 between treatments with repeated 3 times so that a total of 27 trials. The measured parameters include temperature, plant height, number of leaves and Root Length. The results showed that the interaction occurred at the final temperature, plant height: 21 HST 28 HST, number of leaves: 7 HST, 14 HST ,21 HST and 28 HST and Root Length. The frequency of POC using banana stems with a time of 2 days was able to increase, plant height 21 HST, 28 HST, number of leaves 7 HST,14 HST,21 HST,28 HST, Root Length, while at a frequency of 4 days was able to increase the growth of kale plants in the late afternoon temperature parameters. At a frequency treatment once every 6 days is able to increase the final temperature. Concentration of POC using banana stem with a dose of 100 ml POC +1 L of Water, able to increase plant height 21 HST and 28 HST, the number of leaves 7 HST, 14 HST,21 HST,28 HST, Root Length. This research is expected to contribute to sustainable agricultural practices and the development of efficient hydroponic systems.

Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) have the potential to generate new jobs, offer diverse economic services to society, and contribute to accelerating national growth and stability. Of course, MSMEs are a very important sector of the national economy that can affect the lives of people in general.One of the objectives of this research is to find solutions to the problems found in the business information system of Dim Sumeya MSMEs in Pangandaran. Furthermore, data collection techniques are applied through observation and interview stages. This study was carried out by applying descriptive qualitative techniques which include analysis, summary of phenomena, as well as direct depiction of phenomena from data obtained through observations and interviews. The study collected information through interviews with the owner of Dim Sumeya. The results indicated that Dim Sumeya has not maximised its digital financial transaction recording and still does it manually. As a result, the author recommends the use of the BukuWarung application. Through this application, Dim Sumeya can support their micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the management of the financial system, thus minimising the risks associated with using the application.

Internet of Things (IoT) technology plays an important role in Smart City development by increasing efficiency in the transportation, energy, waste management and air quality sectors. IoT enables dynamic regulation of traffic flow, more efficient energy management, and real-time monitoring of waste and air quality. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, data security issues, and limited human resources need to be overcome to maximize IoT adoption. By improving infrastructure, interoperability standards and data security policies, the potential of IoT in Smart Cities can be further optimized.

The optimization of community empowerment is a strategic step in improving the quality of human resources (HR) in Kedungsari Village. This community service aims to implement literacy-based education as a means of empowering the community by utilizing existing village facilities and infrastructure. Through a participatory approach, the community is involved in various socialization and training activities relevant to local needs to enhance their skills, awareness, and knowledge. The results of the program indicate that literacy-based education not only improves reading and writing skills but also strengthens the community’s understanding of the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness, social values, and managing local potentials to support village development. The utilization of facilities such as the village library and community hall is key to the program's success. With a targeted and collaborative implementation, this program is expected to enhance the quality of life of Kedungsari Village residents in social, economic, and environmental aspects. In conclusion, sustained support from universities, village governments, and local communities is necessary to create an inclusive, competitive, and sustainable empowerment ecosystem.