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This research focuses on evaluating the Combox web application, a digital tool designed to help Food and Beverage (F&B) business owners strengthen their online presence. The analysis was carried out through Black Box Testing, specifically using the Equivalence Partitioning method, to assess core functionalities like login, logout, product management, and pagination. The findings reveal that while most features function as intended, there are issues with product addition and editing, as well as pagination when no data is available. These results highlight areas that need refinement to improve the application’s reliability and user experience. In summary, this research supports the advancement of a digital platform that enables F&B businesses to harness technology effectively in today’s competitive landscape.

Work safety is an important aspect in the construction industry, especially in girder erection work that involves high risks due to the installation of large beams and the use of heavy equipment. This study aims to assess the implementation of work safety on the Solo-Yogyakarta-YIA Toll Road construction project by referring to safety standards from the Ministry of Public Works and related regulations. The research data consisted of 28 project photos covering girder erection preparation work, girder erection, and girder bracing. The assessment was conducted by three certified construction OHS experts using a checklist of work safety standards. The results of the Bayes Theorem analysis showed that all girder erection preparation work (7 photos) and girder erection (15 photos) were performed safely with a value of P(H|Ecomb) = 1. On girder bracing work, five out of six photos were rated as safe, while one photo showed unsafe work. This finding indicates that although most of the work has met safety standards, there are still aspects that require improvement. This study recommends a thorough implementation of safety attributes, especially on aspects that have not met the standards, to minimize the risk of occupational accidents on girder erection work in construction projects. This step is important to ensure worker safety and support the creation of a safer work environment.

The availability of clean water is essential in daily life and plays an important role in agriculture, industry, and households. Water resource management faces many challenges such as fluctuations that can cause waste and shortages. The purpose of this research is to create a device that can automatically monitor water surface levels. The tool in question is a water level sensor based on Arduino Uno, which consists of a water level sensor and an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The sensor technology on Arduino can effectively monitor water usage directly and is known for its ease of use, flexibility, and sensor compatibility. An efficient water monitoring system provides accurate information about water availability.

This study analyzes the differences and similarities of internal audit quality in the public sector and private sector using a literature analysis approach. The main objective was to explore factors that affect audit quality, such as auditor independence, competence, transparency, and accountability. The results show that the public sector often faces challenges in maintaining auditor independence due to the influence of bureaucracy and politicization. However, the sector has advantages in transparency and accountability, which support public trust in the management of public funds. In contrast, the private sector excels in operational efficiency and flexibility, supported by the use of modern audit technology and leaner organizational structures. Despite the differences, both sectors require high auditor competence and strong internal control systems to ensure audit effectiveness. This research suggests strengthening auditor training, implementing modern audit technology, and increasing collaboration between internal and external auditors to ensure audit objectivity and quality. In addition, further studies are recommended to explore the impact of applying new technologies, such as big data and artificial intelligence, and conduct cross-sectoral comparisons to understand audit implementation globally.

This study examines the relationship between communication and auditor competency within Indonesia's public sector, focusing on its impact on audit quality and governance. The research addresses the challenges faced by public sector auditors, such as resource limitations and stakeholder expectations, which demand a balance between technical expertise and effective communication. The study was conducted in North Sumatra Province, involving 130 auditors affiliated with the Aparat Pengawasan Intern Pemerintah (APIP) network. A structured survey was used to collect data, focusing on auditors' communication skills, technical proficiency, and ethical judgment. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis, allowing the evaluation of complex constructs like communication efficacy and competency. The findings reveal that effective communication positively impacts auditor competency, enhancing collaboration within teams, fostering stakeholder trust, and ensuring actionable outcomes from audits. The results underscore the necessity of refining communication strategies to address governance complexities and stakeholder demands. This study highlights the symbiotic relationship between communication and competency, providing actionable insights for improving audit processes in Indonesia's public sector. It offers a foundation for developing training programs and frameworks that align with the International Professional Practices Framework (IPPF) and modern technological advancements to elevate public accountability.

Where all these studies and research were carried out aimed at evaluating and reawakening the community to care more about development regulations because in fact all forms of rules such as the GSS and others aim to prosper the community, especially in the development sector so that they are neatly arranged without neglecting the surrounding environment.

This study aims to see the application of web-based administrative system innovation in maximizing administrative services. Using a qualitative approach, data was collected through interviews and literature study methods. The results of the study indicate that web-based administrative system innovation results in effective and efficient resource management, good data processing and information access, and transparency in administrative management. The findings outlined in this article have an important impact on the development and improvement of education in Islamic boarding schools.

The Lirboyo islamic boarding school in the city of kediri, east java, is one of the islamic boarding schools that proiritizes the salaf method education system (yellow book recitation), a part from being know for its traditional learing methods, the islamic boarding school builiding is also not far from the local architectural approach, varied with middle eastern architecture which creates its own sacred value. One of the building with the javanese architectural approach with a combination of middle eastern architecture is the lawangsongo mosque building. Mosque is a used for large activities organized by the lirboyo islamic boarding school. With a combination of javanese arcitecture and middle eastern architecture, the lawangsongo mosque building is one of the interisting icon in the cottage. The roof is one of the characteristic of the sacred javanese architectural approach and is added to the mihrab, thus creating sacred and religious values in the mosque.

This community service aims to provide an understanding of financial literacy and training and guidance related to the use of social media to disseminate their products online to students of Muhammadiyah Wanaraja Garut High School. The problem faced by partners in this programme is the lack of understanding of students of Muhammadiyah Wanaraja Garut High School regarding financial literacy. The method of implementing this activity using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method is carried out starting from the socialisation stage at the beginning of the service activity, in the form of providing information to partners / communities about community service activities to be carried out, the objectives of the activity, the stages of implementing the activity, and the schedule for implementing the activity based on an agreement between the proposing team and partners, the next stage of training and mentoring and evaluation of activities. The results of the activity showed an increase in the literacy knowledge of students of Muhammadiyah Wanaraja Garut High School (SMA) related to financial literacy before and after training.

This study aims to identify and analyze the diversity of true ferns (Filicinae) in Curug Ciparay, Desa Cidugaleun, Tasikmalaya Regency, a region with significant potential for botanical research due to its supportive microclimatic conditions, including high humidity and cool temperatures. Using a descriptive qualitative method, involving direct observation, documentation, and interviews, the study identified 15 species of true ferns in the area, with species distribution influenced by variations in microhabitats, especially humidity and lighting. These ferns contribute not only to biodiversity but also play essential ecological roles in maintaining soil moisture, preventing erosion, and providing habitats for small fauna. The findings underscore the importance of conservation efforts involving the local community to protect the ecosystem from human activities, such as tourism. This study is expected to serve as a foundation for conservation strategies and sustainable management in Curug Ciparay.

Law No. 12 of 2006 on Indonesian Citizenship is a significant step in citizenship law reform, responding to the challenges of globalization and international mobility. This law adopts the jus sanguinis principle as the basis for determining citizenship, with limited application of jus soli to prevent statelessness. Children born from mixed marriages between Indonesian and foreign nationals are allowed dual citizenship until they reach the age of 18. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Law No. 12 of 2006 in the contemporary social and political context, and to identify the challenges that arise in its application. The research employs qualitative analysis and literature reviews from academic journals and empirical data. The findings reveal challenges such as complex bureaucratic procedures, lack of public awareness of citizenship rights and obligations, and inadequate protection for Indonesian citizens abroad. It is recommended that administrative procedures be simplified through digitalization, citizenship education be enhanced, and the protection of Indonesian citizens overseas be strengthened. These improvements are expected to enable the law to be implemented more effectively and to better respond to the needs of Indonesian citizens in the global era.

New influencers have emerged as part of the field of public relations as a result of technological advances. Communication with influencers on social media is the main focus for strategic communication. The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is increasing day by day. Research data collection techniques using secondary data are information obtained or collected data by scientists from various existing sources such as obtained from important documents, websites, books research results in choosing micro-influencers as a marketing medium, it is recommended to consider micro-influencers with attractive attractive characteristics, micro- influencers with quality expertise characteristics, and micro-influencers with trustworthy trust characteristics. By considering these three characteristics in choosing micro-influencers as a marketing medium, it is hoped that in the future it will be able to increase the formation of consumer attitudes towards good brands which can simultaneously increase buyer interest. Micro-influencers as a Public Relations Strategy in MSMEs is a strategic marketing method because many entities have recognized social media influencers as relevant intermediaries, especially because they have the ability to connect with stakeholders that are difficult to reach, such as niche markets or teenage and adult consumers.    

The purpose and objective of writing this paper is to understand the process of handling ship to ship (STS) dry bulk cargo of coal on MV. Ammar by PT. Peayaran Bahtera Adhiguna Padang Branch and the methods applied are the method (Library Research) and the fied method (Fied Study) by accuratey describing the Ship to Ship (STS) handling process for dry bulk coal cargo on the MV.Ammar which is carried out by PT. Peayaran Bahtera Adhiguna Padang Branch, where first make a Ship to Ship permit letter to the Harbor Master, permission to lift excavator heavy equipment to the Peindo pier and make a work order for the loading and unloading labor cooperative and if everything has been completed with permits for the inaportnet system and the fhinnisi system then Ship to Ship activities can begin. This paper also explains the obstacles faced, namey deays in submitting documents reated to the Ship To Ship (STS) process..    

This study presents the development and evaluation of an automatic passenger counting system for public buses using the YOLOv8 algorithm based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Accurate passenger counting plays a crucial role in optimizing public transportation operations, as it enables effective capacity management, reduces operational costs, and improves overall passenger comfort. Conventional manual counting methods are often inefficient, time-consuming, and prone to human error, particularly in high-density urban transportation environments. Therefore, an automated and intelligent solution is required to support real-time monitoring and operational decision-making. The proposed system employs deep learning-based object detection to identify and count passengers from video streams captured by cameras installed inside buses. Two camera positions, namely front and rear views, were evaluated to assess system performance under different visual conditions. The experimental results show that the system achieves high detection accuracy in the front camera view, with a confidence score of 0.82, indicating reliable performance in scenarios with minimal object occlusion. In contrast, the rear camera view demonstrates slightly lower accuracy, with a confidence score of 0.76, mainly due to increased object overlap and variations in lighting conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of appropriate camera placement and environmental consideration in improving detection reliability. In addition, the implementation of the proposed system enables real-time monitoring of passenger flow, which supports dynamic scheduling, demand-based route planning, and efficient fleet management. Accurate passenger data allows transportation operators to optimize service allocation, reduce congestion, and enhance overall service quality. Overall, this study contributes to the development of intelligent transportation systems by demonstrating the practical applicability of deep learning-based passenger counting solutions. The proposed approach offers strong potential for real-world deployment in smart city environments, supporting the creation of more sustainable, efficient, and passenger-oriented public transportation services.

The condition of coral fish will improve if the health of coral reefs has a direct impact on the abundance of coral fish. The literature review aims to identify coral fish species and the abundance of individual coral fish in Indonesian waters. This study is a literature review containing journal articles from 2010 to 2024 from the Google Scholar database. The results of the study show that the coral fish species found in Indonesian waters include Acanthuridae, Scaridae, Haemulidae, Mullidae, Lutjanidae, Caesionidae, Serranidae, Siganidae, Sphyraenidae, Pomacentridae, Chaetodontidae, Mullidae, Muraenidae, Nemipteridae, Apogonidae, Balistidae, Labridae, Aulostomidae, Carangidae, Holocentridae, Pemoheridae, Pomachantidae, Siganidae, Tetraodontidae, and Zanclidae. The highest abundance of coral fish in Indonesian waters is found in the waters of the Karimunjawa National Park Conservation area with the highest abundance value of 14,850 ind/ha, namely from the Pomacentridae family with factors that influence the abundance of coral fish in Indonesian waters in the form of environmental conditions, coral reef cover values, substrate morphological characteristics, and community activities.

Xylol is a dangerous and toxic substance. The use of Xylol in the Anatomical Pathology laboratory is considered common for the stage of “cleansing” both for the process of tissue entry and sanation. Xylol is used in Anatomical Pathology laboratories because it is soluble with dehydrating agents and can disintegrate paraffin as a drying agent. Xylol is part of Gandapura oil hydrocarbons. Research aimed at finding alternative substitutes for xilol was conducted using Gandapura oil using experimental methods. Samples using Mouse Pins (Xenopsylla cheopis) can show thinning of the skin layer with connective tissue due to the use of “cleansing” agents.with Xylol 15 and 30 minutes Coconut oil 15 and 30 minutes. The parameters used are a description of the color quality of the preparation, the clarity of the preparation and the thoroughness of the preparation. The results of the study showed A1 preparations with a result of 3 bright,3 moderately bright, 2 clear, 4 MImoderately clear and 6 hours. A2 preparation with results of 2 bright, 4 moderately bright 3 clear, 3 moderately clear, and 6 minutes. Preparation B1 with a result of 4 bright 2 well-lit, 5 rows 1 fairly clear and 6 hours. B2 preparation with a result of 1 bright, 5 moderately bright, 2 clear 4 fairly clear 5 grains and 1 out of order. The use of coconut oil decrypted gives a good quality to the preparation compared to using Xylol, but it cannot be used for a long time.

Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, where drowsiness while driving is a significant factor that reduces driver alertness. This study develops a real-time driver drowsiness detection system using the Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR) method to avoid this. EAR calculates the ratio of the upper and lower eyelid distances to detect signs of drowsiness based on changes in eye shape. This system utilizes the OpenCV and Dlib libraries to identify faces and measure EAR, with a threshold of 0.25 as a warning trigger. If the EAR value drops below the threshold in several consecutive frames, the system automatically activates an alarm to increase driver alertness. With the advantages of cost efficiency and ease of implementation without additional hardware, this system is suitable for various types of vehicles. The results show that this system is effective in providing early warnings, thus helping to reduce the risk of accidents due to drowsiness.

Islamic education during the Khulafaur Rasyidin period (632-661 AD) had an important role in forming the foundations of the Islamic education system during the Khulafaur Rasyidin period, which included the period of leadership of the first four caliphs after the death of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. This research aims to examine in more depth the growth and development of Islamic education during the time of Khulafaur Rasyidin, including the role of the caliphs in supporting the education system and its impact on Islamic society at that time. The author uses a qualitative method with the type of library research. This method aims to explore information in depth from relevant library sources, such as books, scientific articles, journals and other documents. As for the results of this research, the growth and development of Islamic education during the time of Khulafaur Rasyidin focused on teaching the Qur'an and Hadith, the development of educational centers during the time of Abu Bakar, Kutab educational institutions (primary schools) experienced significant progress, during the time of Caliph Umar bin Khattab ra., the social and political situation was in a stable condition and Islamic power was increasingly expanding, where several friends were appointed as teachers in each area they occupied. During the time of Usman ibn Affan the development of Islamic education, both in terms of institutions and materials, was basically not much different from previously. During the time of Ali bin Abi Talib, the development of education did not show significant progress. This was caused by the chaotic political situation and various rebellions that occurred, so that Ali's government was unstable and focused more on efforts to resolve conflicts and maintain political stability.

The practice of nepotism in the employee selection process at Regional Owned Enterprises (BUMD) in North Sumatra, which has an impact on transparency, fairness and organizational effectiveness. BUMDs have an important role in regional economic development, but nepotism practices often damage the integrity of the recruitment process. Through a qualitative approach and case studies, this research reveals that nepotism creates inequality in employee selection, reduces the quality of human resources, and reduces public trust in BUMD. This article also identifies the factors that cause nepotism and offers solutions in the form of selection transparency, anti-nepotism policies, independent supervision, and outreach to build a culture of meritocracy in BUMD. By overcoming nepotism, BUMD is expected to be able to create a fair and professional recruitment system, thereby supporting the achievement of optimal performance.

The utilization of electromagnetic fields (EMF) in modern medical technology has become a significant focus of research. This study aims to explore the therapeutic effects of EMF, especially at low frequencies (ELF) and Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF), in enhancing the healing of various medical conditions. The method used is a literature study by analyzing various sources from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed. The results showed that EMF therapy is effective in relieving pain, accelerating tissue healing, and improving the quality of life of patients with musculoskeletal disorders and fractures. Despite the many benefits, it is important to consider the potential health risks of long-term exposure to EMF. This study recommends the development of strict regulations and training for medical personnel to ensure the safe and effective use of EMF.