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This study examines pitch variations in English sentences spoken by two non-native children from Ethiopia and Somalia, using. The research focuses on declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentence types, analyzing pitch frequency across these sentence forms. The participants were a 5-year-old Ethiopian boy and a 9-year-old Somalian boy, were recorded, and their pitch data were analyzed for beginning, highest, lowest, and final frequencies. The results indicate that the Somalian boy exhibited greater pitch variation, particularly in declarative sentences, while the Ethiopian boy demonstrated more consistency. In imperative sentences, the Ethiopian boy showed slightly wider variation, while in interrogative sentences, the Somalian boy ended with a higher pitch. The differences in pitch usage suggest influences from age, language background, and individual speaking habits. This research contributes to understanding pitch use in young multilingual English learners and their linguistic development.

This research examines English language education at SMAN 1 Sutojayan Blitar using a qualitative case study. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis, focusing on planning, organization, implementation, and assessment. The findings reveal that English teaching at the school is highly structured and effective. Key elements include detailed planning, diverse instructional methods, and a student-centered approach. The curriculum is regularly updated to align with students' skill levels, and clear role delegation, strong coordination, and efficient resource use contribute to a positive learning environment. The communicative approach, technology integration, and varied teaching techniques promote active student participation. A comprehensive assessment system provides continuous feedback, supporting learning progress. Overall, the study highlights the importance of holistic teaching strategies that enhance students' English-speaking skills and can serve as a model for improving English language education.

Everyone is very curious about each other and what is happening around them, even though they are far apart. In this case, people need communication. Communication occurs through various means, including through mass media. The advantage of using mass media is that the number of target groups or communication methods that can be reached is relatively large and unlimited. There are several important aspects to consider in content marketing, namely the quality and topics that will be of interest to your readers/viewers must be highlighted through their communication and creation strategies. Strategy is also called tactical conclusion in the sense of how to achieve or further achieve a desired goal. Lifestyle in communication provides a view in utilizing existing facilities. Through communication, we can gain meaningful insights and information. How to convey existing messages and contribute to the delivery of existing messages via the Internet. The problem in this thesis is how the communication strategy of content creators / creatives in improving, developing ideas and concepts of brand image through social media Instagram EF Bintaro Sector nine (Case study on @ef_bintarosectornine account). The research design used in this paper is descriptive qualitative research design. Qualitative research focuses on various methods and includes an interpretive and naturalistic approach to the subject matter. Qualitative research can use various data analysis processing methods to obtain data from various sources and run continuously. The results of the study show the Communication Strategy of Content Creators in Improving EF (English First) Instagram Brand Image. From the results of research and discussion, it is known that EF (English First) is an English language education institution built for children to adolescents and EF (English First) is also a place for learning English and creating creative content that can be trusted in the credibility of its content. from the strategies made by EF (English First) content creators with the aim of developing brand image through social media instagram. Based on the results of the discussion in the role of communication according to Effendy (Effendy, 2019), in this theory there are two indicators that researchers apply, namely Attractiveness and Source Credibility.

This research investigates students’ perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a tool for learning English at MTsN 4 North Aceh. Quantitative descriptive method was employed in this study that involving 40 students as participants. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to assess students’ attitudes towards AI in relation to motivation, and skill development (listening, speaking, reading, and writing). The results indicate that most students perceive AI positively, appreciating its ability to enhance their understanding of English materials, increase motivation, and provide real-time feedback. Many students highlighted that AI tools offered interactive and flexible learning opportunities. Overall, artificial intelligence (AI) is not seen as a replacement for conventional teaching, even though it is a useful tool for learning English. The best strategy could be to combine AI with human instruction, maintaining a balance between the flexibility and immediate feedback that AI offers and the individualized help that teachers can provide.

The integration of Kahoot aims to create an interactive and engaging classroom environment that leverages technology to support English language learning. This study explores the use of the Kahoot app as a game-based learning tool to enhance students’ vocabulary at SMP Negeri Tiakur. The methodology involved three main stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. The results indicated several positive outcomes: 1) Students were exposed to technological learning tools they had not previously encountered, particularly in English language education. 2) The game-based approach created a lively and enjoyable learning environment, increasing student engagement and participation. 3) Students expressed a strong desire to continue learning English beyond the scheduled activity, highlighting an increase in motivation. 4) The feedback from students suggested a noticeable improvement in their vocabulary acquisition. These findings suggest that Kahoot can be an effective tool for enhancing vocabulary learning in a fun and interactive way, making it a valuable addition to the language learning curriculum. Future research could explore the long-term impacts of such interventions and the potential for similar digital platforms in different educational contexts

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Duolingo in improving vocabulary mastery related to procedure texts among 26 seventh-grade students at MTSS Daarul Ulum Margomulyo Blitar. The researchers employed a pre-experimental design using a one-group pre-test and post-test approach. The research process included three key steps: 1) administering a pre-test, 2) providing treatment, and 3) conducting a post-test. Data was collected through testing and analyzed using SPSS25. The results indicated that students' vocabulary achievement increased from an average of 61.15 in the pre-test to 83.65 in the post-test. The analysis revealed a significance value (sig2-tailed) of 0.001, which is below 0.05, indicating that Duolingo effectively enhanced the vocabulary achievement of the seventh-grade students at MTSS Daarul Ulum Margomulyo Blitar. Based on these findings, it is recommended that English teachers consider using Duolingo as an alternative instructional tool, particularly for teaching vocabulary and potentially other language skills or subskills.

This study aims to analyze the use of technology in English language learning in Class XI E at SMA N 2 Bangli. The technologies used include laptops, LCD projectors, and applications such as Kahoot, Quizizz, and PowerPoint. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques consisting of observation, checklists, and field notes. The results show that the use of technology helps to enhance students' motivation and engagement in learning. Students become more active, and the learning process becomes more interesting due to the use of visual and digital media. However, some challenges include limited access to technology for some students and technical issues such as unstable internet connections. This study suggests improving the school's technological infrastructure and providing training for teachers to effectively integrate technology into the classroom. With adequate support, the use of technology can significantly improve the quality of English language learning.

article aims to analyze the use of digital platforms in English language learning in Class XB at SMA 2 Bangli. The background of the study focuses on leveraging technology to enhance learning effectiveness in the digital age. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the application of three digital platforms PowerPoint, Quizizz, and Kahoot and their impact on student engagement and learning outcomes. The method employed is qualitative observation in Class XB to identify how these platforms are utilized in teaching. The findings reveal that PowerPoint facilitates visual presentation of materials, Quizizz enhances student understanding through interactive quizzes and immediate feedback, and Kahoot boosts motivation and participation through game-based quizzes. The implications of this research are that integrating these three digital platforms into English language learning can increase student engagement and teaching effectiveness, offering varied approaches to the learning process. This study is expected to provide guidance for educators on optimizing digital technology for more effective teaching.  

This study aims to explore the effect of digital short story videos on the interest in learning English of 10th grade students at SMAN 4 Blitar. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and interviews with students and teachers. The results showed that internal factors such as health, motivation, and intelligence, as well as external factors such as family support and teaching quality, play an important role in increasing students' interest in learning. The use of digital short story videos was proven to be significant in increasing students' interest, with 91% of students stating that the videos were interesting. These findings suggest that digital media can be an effective tool in increasing engagement and learning outcomes.

This research aims to describe and analyze the phenomenon of code switching and code mixing used by speakers in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The subjects used in this research were students and students in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). The object of this research is speech about the use of code switching and code mixing used in everyday communication.  The data collection techniques used in this research are direct observation, interviews and recording techniques. The results of this research show that the code switching and code mixing that occurred was Javanese, Batak, English and Indonesian. The types of code switching found were Indonesian to Batak, from Indonesian to Javanese, and from Indonesian to English and vice versa. The types of code mixing found are code mixing in and code mixing out using Indonesian, English and Javanese with word forms and expressions.

This research aims to describe and analyze the phenomenon of code switching and code mixing used by speakers in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The subjects used in this research were students and students in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). The object of this research is speech about the use of code switching and code mixing used in everyday communication.  The data collection techniques used in this research are direct observation, interviews and recording techniques. The results of this research show that the code switching and code mixing that occurred was Javanese, Batak, English and Indonesian. The types of code switching found were Indonesian to Batak, from Indonesian to Javanese, and from Indonesian to English and vice versa. The types of code mixing found are code mixing in and code mixing out using Indonesian, English and Javanese with word forms and expressions.

This research was motivated by the lack of students' interest in English lessons, especially in writing descriptive texts. The purpose of this research was to determine the extent to which the use of the Wattpad application could influence students' ability to write descriptive texts. This research was conducted at MA Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang in the first-grades students in the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023. This research was a quantitative study using an experimental method. The sample of this research was 50 students. The research method used was a true experiment with a post-test only control design. The result of the research, there is a significant difference between the writing scores of the experimental class and the control class where the post-test scores of the experimental class are higher. It can be seen that the mean value of the control class is 62,12 while the experimental class is 75,64. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of using the Wattpad application on the ability of the first-grade students at MA Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang to write descriptive texts. based on student’s feedback using Wattpad application, the results show a strong positive trend across all questions related to Wattpad. Respondents tend to strongly support the statements provided. Mostly showed a positive “Strongly Agree” toward each statement, with only a few being neutral, disagreeing, or strongly disagreeing suggesting that the students had a favorable perception to the Implementation of the Duolingo application on the writing skill of the eleventh-grade students at MA Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang.

The increasing use of digital platforms in the healthcare industry has highlighted the importance of effective communication, especially in English, as it is the primary language for disseminating global health information. This study examines the linguistic aspects of English usage in health information delivery on digital platforms, focusing on clarity, accessibility, and accuracy. The research aims to analyze how linguistic features, such as word choice, sentence structure, and tone, impact the comprehension of health-related content by diverse audiences.The study employs a qualitative approach, analyzing a sample of health-related websites, social media posts, and mobile health applications. Discourse analysis is used to identify patterns and strategies in the presentation of information, particularly how technical medical terms are simplified for laypeople.The findings reveal that while most platforms aim for clarity and inclusivity, inconsistencies in language use and overly technical jargon often hinder comprehension. Additionally, the use of complex sentence structures can create barriers, especially for non-native English speakers.The study concludes that improving linguistic accessibility on digital health platforms can enhance public understanding and engagement with health information, contributing to better health outcomes. Recommendations for creating more user-friendly, linguistically accessible content are also provided.

This study investigated the validity and reliability of a General English Course assessment tool at Universitas Harapan Bangsa. Using a quantitative descriptive technique, the study examined the assessment items using point-biserial correlation for validity and Cronbach's alpha for reliability. While the instrument had high overall reliability, several items needed to be revised to improve its validity. The findings indicate that the assessment instrument is generally reliable and valid; nevertheless, continuing monitoring and adjustment are required to maintain its quality and assure accurate evaluation of student English competence.

The problems of this research were students’ lack of vocabulary, lack of pronunciation, lost confident, a fear of making mistakes, and speaking English is difficult to learn. This research aimed to find out how the TGT method improves students' speaking ability and the significant factors in using the TGT method at SMPN 2 Padang. This research used purposive sampling and VIII.5 as sample in the classroom. This research used qualitative research design and Classroom Action Research approach that consisted 2 cycles, and has four stages, namely; planning, action, observation, and reflection. The instrument of this research was test; pre-test and post-test, observation sheet, and questionnaire. The research results showed a significant increase in students' speaking ability, the improvement of percentage was 18.75% from pre-test to post-test II. The questionnaire revealed that 88.12% of students preferred learning with intrinsic motivation, which showed that the importance of motivation in the learning process.

The study investigated the implementation of the Initiation-Response-Feedback (IRF) pattern of Coulthard and Sinclair Model in sixth-grade classroom interactions. It focused on its impact on student engagement and learning outcomes. Conducted with an English teacher and 23 students, the research utilized video recordings to analyze discourse patterns during lessons. Findings reveal that the IRF model facilitated communication by structuring interactions where teachers initiate questions, students respond, and teachers provide feedback. However, the analysis indicated that while students actively participate, their responses often consist of repetition rather than demonstrating comprehension of the material. Teacher feedback plays a crucial role in reinforcing learning, yet it also highlighted areas needing improvement in fostering deeper understanding. The study emphasizes the importance of teacher-student dialogue in creating an interactive learning environment and suggests that educators should encourage critical thinking and comprehension alongside participation. By identifying best practices within the IRF framework, this research contributes to enhancing classroom dynamics in early secondary education settings.  

Hari Wahyudi, English translation. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the company's waste control at the Prabumulih City Environmental Service. This research was conducted for three months using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques were carried out by presenting data, reducing data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that from the aspect of Organizational Characteristics, namely the form of supervision carried out by the Environmental Service through employees who worked in the field, it was approved and recommended by the Head of the Department of Environment. For specialized employees or field staff who carry out supervision, there must be a specialization to support better work abilities, as well as DLH employees in carrying out their duties, namely supervising companies that are directly related, more flexible and able to adapt, if this is indeed the case. not something urgent. For the Environmental Characteristic aspect, it is important for employees to adapt to the work environment, in this case, the Prabumulih City DLH employees must be able to adjust the conditions in the DLH office and also adapt to the conditions in the field in carrying out supervision in the hope that any decisions to be taken are right there. Aspects of Employee Characteristics, namely DLH employees in having good quality because they are in accordance with the educational qualifications and skills possessed, then also in carrying out employee duties ensuring that every company in Prabumulih City can progress but still ensuring the environment in the form of rivers, land and others does not damaged by pollution. As for the aspects of Management Policy and Practice, namely internal vertical and horizontal communication within the DLH Department, it is quite good, then communication with other institutions is also quite good. Then at the DLH Office, there are rarely awards given to employees, so it can be said that the reward system has not been able to stimulate employees to seek effective performance creation and performance and performance development.

Language serves as a crucial instrument for shaping communication and fostering understanding across diverse contexts. Effective text organization can prevent misunderstandings, making a deep understanding of English text systems and structures essential. Discourse analysis, which examines language use in social contexts to create meaning and facilitate communication, is vital for appreciating the subtleties of language and the strategies employed by speakers and writers. This study focuses on the role of references within discourse. Using Jane Austen’s Persuasion as a data source, this research applies Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) framework to analyze the types of anaphoric and cataphoric references. Through a descriptive qualitative methodology and document analysis, the study identifies a higher frequency of anaphoric references compared to cataphoric ones. This analysis provides insights into Austen’s storytelling techniques.

The importance of English in Indonesia has grown significantly in recent years. This widespread influence is obvious in various sector of Indonesia seciety, from business to education and media. Digital platforms like YouTube play a significant role in English language learning by exposing young Indonesians to English content and bilingual speakers who switch between Indonesian and English. Consequently, YouTube has become an effective tool for language learning, making English more accessible and engaging for Indonesian audiences. This study aims to analyze the types, functions and factors of code-switching used on the Korean YouTube channel Reomit. The research method involves descriptive qualitative analysis, with data collection centered on five videos from the Korea Reomit YouTube channel, focusing on themes related to meats, soupy foods, and snacks. The analysis reveals that the types of code-switching present on the Korea Reomit channel include inter-sentential, intra-sentential, and tag switching. The functions of code-switching identified in the study include discussing specific topics, emphasizing points, interjections, repetition for clarification, intention for clarification, and expressing group identity. The factors influencing code-switching are identified as participant, topic, status, and solidarity.

Community service activities at the Dharma Jati II Orphanage are communicative English language assistance that emphasizes speaking skills. The problem that arises in partners is that there is no English language training and development provided by the orphanage. The desire of the orphanage administrators in improving children's English skills, especially in speaking, is very large considering the importance of mastering English as an international language in this era of globalization. The purpose of this community service is to provide English language assistance to orphanage children so that they are able to improve their English skills, especially in speaking. The method used goes through three stages, namely the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. The results obtained from the assistance are a good method to use is role playing with occasionally slipping games that are fun for the orphanage children. In the future, this activity will be carried out more often to help orphanage children improve their English language skills, not only speaking skills, but also in 3 other English language skills, such as reading, writing, and listening.