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With the rise in human migration across national boundaries in the age of globalization, the issue of dual citizenship has become more and more important. Dual citizenship brings up a number of issues in the context of international law about legal status, diplomatic protection, and allegiance to both the nation of origin and the nation of residence. Increased cross-border social interactions that push people to hold several citizenships, technological improvements, and increased global economic integration have all complicated this dynamic. As a nation that upholds the idea of a single citizenship, Indonesia has trouble aligning its national laws with the shifting global legal framework, which governs things like dual citizenship, migration, and statelessness. is often more accepting of the practice of dual citizenship. From an international law standpoint, this research seeks to examine the subject of dual citizenship and its consequences for Indonesia's citizenship legislation and legal system. With a juridical-comparative examination of international legal instruments, scholarly publications, and applicable national legislation, the study uses a normative methodology. The results show that Indonesia's single citizenship concept conflicts with the worldwide trend that prioritizes human rights, diverse identities, and diaspora protection. Indonesia, according to the research, should think about changing its citizenship laws to take into account global concerns while still protecting its sovereignty, national stability, and core national values.

Currently, the issuance of Law Number 3 of 2022 concerning the National Capital is a concrete step taken by the Government to seek the relocation and development of a new National Capital, because economic growth has so far been considered too Java-centric by some in the community. However, it cannot be denied that after the issuance of this law it triggered new problems, including the problem regarding the position of the Head of the Archipelago Capital Authority. Therefore, through this research, we will answer issues related to the position of the Head of the Archipelago Capital Authority along with the logical consequences related to his role based on the regional government system. Normative legal research methods or what is usually called doctrinal legal research, the approaches used are the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The research results show that the position of the Head of the Nusantara Capital Authority is as head of a special regional government at the provincial level. The logical consequences received from this regulation are that the election, appointment and dismissal are carried out directly by the President as per the President's prerogative, the regions are centralized, and there is no Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) as an instrument of regional autonomy.

This study is motivated by the challenge of economic independence for Islamic boarding schools amid the transformation of their role in the modern era. Islamic boarding schools no longer function solely as traditional Islamic educational institutions, but have also developed as centers for economic and social empowerment of the community. However, dependence on uncertain external funding sources has prompted the need to develop a sustainable economic ecosystem for Islamic boarding schools in order to strengthen the independence of these institutions. This study aims to explore the development of Islamic boarding school financing management based on economic independence. This study uses a qualitative approach, with an exploratory sequential mixed methods design. The research method uses Research and Development (R&D) with the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE) development model. The results of the study found that: 1) Financial management in two Islamic boarding schools has been carried out systematically through planning, funding diversification, governance, and continuous evaluation with a contextual approach. 2) The development of financial management has shifted from an administrative function to an economic independence strategy based on the integration of modern governance and Islamic boarding school values.

The financial sector plays an important role in promoting Indonesia's economic recovery. This study was conducted to determine the effect of credit to priority sectors on economic growth on the island of Sumatera. The data analysis technique used is dynamic panel data regression analysis with the system-GMM approach. The results of this study indicate that credit for the agricultural, forestry, and fishery sectors; manufacturing sector; the accommodation and food and drink provision sector can increase economic growth on the island of Sumatera, while the construction sector credit; wholesale and retail trade sector; and the transportation and warehousing sectors have a negative influence on economic growth. This shows that the credit of the banking sector has a positive and negative influence on economic growth on the island of Sumatera. Therefore, banks and the government are expected to increase financial literacy to the community and improve internet facilities, especially in rural areas.

Farmers are grappling with drought challenges that jeopardize rice production. To address this, the government is promoting the use of water pumps and the construction of reservoirs. However, reservoir development comes with specific stipulations, such as the land used needing to be owned by the village or government. Climate change poses a significant challenge to Indonesia's agricultural sector. The pump irrigation program has emerged as a crucial solution for water scarcity in farmlands. This research was conducted in Belangturi Village, Ruteng District, Manggarai Regency, chosen purposively due to its status as a key rice paddy development area. The study took place from December 2023 to April 2024, employing simple random sampling. Data indicates there are 40 active rice paddy farmers in Belang Turi Village. An economic analysis forecasts substantial benefits from this program, including a 20-30% increase in rice production, an improved cropping index, crop diversification, and a 40-60% rise in farmer income. The financial analysis yields highly positive results: an NPV of IDR 450,000,000, an IRR of 18%, a Payback Period of 4.5 years, and a BCR of 1.75, all strongly indicating a highly feasible investment. From a social standpoint, pump irrigation is desperately needed and enthusiastically supported by the community. It's perceived as vital for overcoming critical water shortages, enhancing welfare, and improving access to education and healthcare. Therefore, implementing this pump irrigation system is highly recommended as a comprehensive solution for sustainable agricultural development in Belang Turi Village.

This study aims to examine how Islamic financing contributes to the empowerment of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), particularly in the trade sector. MSMEs play a crucial role as one of the main pillars of the national economy; however, they continue to face various challenges such as limited access to capital, inadequate managerial skills, and low levels of financial literacy. Islamic financing emerges as a solution by applying fundamental Islamic principles, including the prohibition of usury (riba), fairness, and transparency in all financial transactions.The research employs a descriptive qualitative method based on a literature review from various reliable sources. The findings reveal that Islamic financing, through contracts such as murabahah, musyarakah, mudharabah, and ijarah, not only provides access to capital but also offers mentoring and training programs to help entrepreneurs manage their businesses more professionally.The positive impact of Islamic financing can be seen in the improvement of business performance, increased turnover, and enhanced welfare among MSME actors. Furthermore, this system contributes to the stability of the Islamic banking industry and promotes sustainable national economic growth. Therefore, further development of Islamic financing is necessary to expand its reach and benefit a greater number of small and medium enterprises across Indonesia.

Qanun of Banda Aceh City Number 4 of 2022 emphasizes that the Tirta Daroy Regional Public Company of Drinking Water aims to provide fair and sustainable drinking water services. The legal relationship between the customer and the company is regulated through the Decree of the Board of Directors PEG Number. III/10/PDAM/2020. However, there are still many customers who are in default in the form of late payments that cause losses to the company and are contrary to Article 1243 of the Civil Code regarding the obligation of debtors to compensate for losses due to negligence. This study aims to analyze the default settings in the customer connection agreement at  the Tirta Taroy Regional Public Drinking Water Company  , identify the factors causing defaults, and explain the form of applying civil sanctions to customers who commit defaults. This study uses an empirical juridical method with qualitative descriptive analysis based on legal and field data. The results of the study show that the most dominant forms of default in customers of the Tirta Daroy Regional Drinking Water Public Company are late and arrears of payments, not paying at all and misuse of water connections. The main causative factors include economic conditions, administrative negligence, and intentional elements. Legally, this default causes financial losses and disrupts the sustainability of public services. Sanctions are applied in stages through notices, warnings, summonses, to fines, compensation, or disconnection. The Tirta Daroy Regional Public Company is advised to follow up on customer complaints, improve the billing system, adjust the sanction clause proportionately, and increase legal awareness through socialization.

One form of sanction regulated in the law is the act of returning to parents. This action aims to return children to their family environment so that they can be fostered and directed properly. In Article 59 of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, it is stated that the government and State institutions have an obligation and responsibility to protect children by providing special protection to children, especially to children who are dealing with the law, both children in conflict with the law and children as victims of criminal acts. This research uses the Normative Juridical research method. This method is carried out by conducting an assessment and analyzing laws and regulations. The results of the study were that the effectiveness of the sanctions for return actions was also influenced by the socio-economic conditions of the family. Many families experience economic difficulties so that they are unable to provide good education and supervision to children. In conclusion, the application of sanctions for returning actions to parents against children who commit criminal acts has a strong legal basis, but still faces various challenges in practice. The effectiveness of these sanctions is greatly influenced by the role of parents, family socioeconomic conditions, and existing social stigma. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is needed to improve the success of child rehabilitation.

Illegal mining activities in Sebulu District have become a serious issue as they not only violate the law but also cause significant damage to public infrastructure such as village roads, bridges, and drainage systems, which are deteriorating due to heavy trucks transporting mining materials. Although Article 158 of Law Number 3 of 2020 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining stipulates strict sanctions, law enforcement remains weak. The main contributing factors are local community involvement, inadequate supervision by authorities, and social legitimacy that perceives mining as a normal activity. This study aims to analyze criminal liability for illegal mining offenders and to identify its social and environmental impacts in Sebulu District. The research applies a socio-legal approach that combines normative and empirical methods. The normative approach examines applicable legal provisions, while the empirical approach includes field observations, interviews with local officials and residents, and documentation of relevant regulations and events. The findings indicate that the most severe impacts are the deterioration of village roads and bridges and environmental degradation, such as changes in water color in nearby drainage channels. These conditions cause public concern and disrupt daily life. Weak law enforcement allows illegal mining to persist. Therefore, synergy among law enforcers, local government, and communities is needed to strengthen regulation enforcement and develop sustainable economic alternatives.

Education is a fundamental human right that must be guaranteed for every child without discrimination. In Indonesia, particularly in the Ambon region, educational inequality remains a serious challenge influenced by geographical, socio-economic, and structural factors. Children from impoverished families and remote areas often lack access to adequate education due to limited facilities, low-quality teaching staff, and inadequate technological infrastructure. This situation not only hinders children’s potential development but also perpetuates cycles of poverty and social injustice. Data from the Ministry of Education and Culture (2021) indicates low basic education participation rates and high dropout rates in Maluku and Ambon. In response, the church in Ambon, as highlighted by Joseph Lourine Since (2023), plays a strategic role through the Marginalized Children’s Development School (Sekolah Pembinaan Anak Marginal - SPAM), an alternative education program integrating academic learning with Christian character and spiritual formation. This initiative embodies the preferential option for the poor principle in liberation theology, as developed by Gustavo Gutiérrez, positioning the church as an advocate for the marginalized in its social and moral mission. This abstract recommends strengthening the church’s role in education through multisectoral collaboration to create a more just and inclusive education system for marginalized children.

The increasing global pressure for environmental sustainability has encouraged companies to adopt socially and ecologically responsible business practices. Green accounting has emerged as a strategic approach to integrate environmental information into corporate decision-making and reporting. This study aims to explore and analyze the relationship between green accounting, resource efficiency, and sustainability reporting within the framework of sustainability management accounting. The research employs a systematic review approach of 50 studies sourced from Google Scholar and the Wiley Online Library. The findings affirm that green accounting functions not only as an environmental recording system but also as a strategic management tool that supports operational efficiency and holistic sustainability reporting.

Contract law serves as a fundamental pillar of the modern legal system, regulating relationships and interactions between parties involved in various economic and business transactions. A contract functions as a legal instrument that ensures certainty, fairness, and the protection of rights and obligations among the parties. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the essential principles of contract law, such as the principles of freedom of contract, consensualism, good faith, and pacta sunt servanda, as well as their practical implementation within the Indonesian business context. Furthermore, this study discusses common challenges in the application of contract law, including unequal bargaining positions, contract breaches, and difficulties in law enforcement. The discussion also explores mechanisms for resolving contractual disputes, both through litigation and alternative dispute resolution methods such as mediation and arbitration. This research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how contract law functions not only as a binding legal framework but also as an instrument to promote equitable, transparent, and sustainable business relationships.

This study aims to analyze the influence of profitability as proxied by Return on Equity (ROE), solvency as proxied by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and liquidity as proxied by Current Ratio (CR) on firm value as proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV) in the Indonesian food and beverage sector. The study focuses on the 2019-2023 period, a timeframe uniquely defined by the economic disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic and its initial recovery phase. The research method employed is a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis. The sample consists of 10 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), selected through a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 50 firm-year observations. The results indicate that both partially and simultaneously, the variables of profitability, solvency, and liquidity have a significant positive influence on firm value. This finding suggests that during a period of systemic crisis, the capital market places a valuation premium on companies that can demonstrate holistic and comprehensive signals of financial health. The novelty of this research lies in its contextualization of the dynamic role of financial ratios as crucial signals amidst an unprecedented economic shock. This study provides an empirical explanation for why investors prioritized stability and resilience, thereby reconciling conflicting findings in prior literature regarding the impact of liquidity on firm value.

Choosing a strategic business location is a key factor in building a successful enterprise, especially in Lautem Municipality, Timor-Leste. This area presents various opportunities for businesses such as grocery shops, small restaurants, repair workshops, and agricultural ventures. However, entrepreneurs often face challenges like poor road infrastructure, limited purchasing power, and inadequate transport access. This study developed a web-based Decision Support System (DSS) using the ELECTRE method to help business owners select the most suitable location. The system evaluates multiple location options based on important criteria such as population density, transportation access, and economic activity. By using this approach, entrepreneurs can reduce the risk of choosing an unprofitable location and improve their chances of success. The results show that implementing the ELECTRE method in a DSS is effective for identifying optimal business sites. These findings are expected to serve as a practical reference for entrepreneurs in Lospalos and nearby areas, while also supporting local economic development in the region.

Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) are regulated in Article 1 Paragraph (6) of the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 39 of 2010, which states that BUMDes is a business formed by the village government with its ownership and management involving the village government and the community. BUMDesa Kareka Nduku, although it functions as a village economic empowerment institution, faces a number of challenges in its operations. Some of the main problems faced are difficulties in recording agricultural assets and tools, as well as the insynchronization between stock records in warehouses and records in the treasurer, which leads to frequent shortages of fertilizer and insecticide stocks. In addition, the manual recording process for capital and business loans causes the creation of monthly reports to take a long time, even more than an hour, and there are often errors because officers have to check daily reports from various fields. This resulted in delays in making reports that should have been submitted by the BUMDes.

Family waqf is a classic instrument in Islamic economics that plays a crucial role in maintaining wealth sustainability and intergenerational well-being. However, its application in the context of modern law and economics still faces various challenges, such as overlap with Islamic inheritance law (farāʾiḍ), limited regulations, and weak governance. This article aims to systematically review the academic literature on the revival of the family waqf concept in the context of contemporary Islamic law, modern governance, and its potential contribution to wealth preservation. The approach used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA method, covering studies from 2000–2025 from various sources indexed by Scopus, DOAJ, and Google Scholar. The results of the study indicate that regulatory modernization, integration with the Islamic financial system, and the implementation of technology-based governance are key factors in reviving the role of family waqf as an instrument of social justice and economic sustainability for the community.

This study aims to explore collaborative management between local governments, educational institutions, and communities in improving the quality of basic education in Sidoarjo Regency. The background of this research stems from the increasing need for an adaptive, participatory, and sustainable education system in the era of decentralization, where intersectoral collaboration is key to realizing quality and equitable education. Sidoarjo Regency, as a region with rapid economic and social growth, faces obstacles in the distribution of quality basic education, particularly related to community participation, policy collaboration, and human resource capacity building at the school level. This study applies a qualitative approach through a case study method, involving resource persons from the Sidoarjo Regency Education Office, principals, teachers, school committees, and the education community. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and analysis of regional education policy documents. Research findings indicate that collaboration between various actors has successfully improved education quality through community-based learning mentoring programs, teacher training, and innovative policies in school management. However, the implementation of collaboration continues to face obstacles such as lack of coordination between agencies, budget constraints, and ineffective joint program evaluation. The study concludes that successful collaborative management requires shared commitment, transparent communication, and ongoing policy support. Research recommendations emphasize the importance of enhancing intersectoral collaboration capacity, local education dialogue forums, and performance-based evaluation systems to maintain the sustainability of basic education quality in Sidoarjo Regency.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in supporting national economic growth and expanding employment opportunities in Indonesia. However, many MSMEs still face significant challenges in improving production efficiency due to limited human resources, low levels of technology adoption, and suboptimal operational management. To address these issues, this study developed an innovative digital technology platform designed to help MSMEs enhance productivity, reduce material waste, and accelerate the production process. The platform integrates Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and simplified Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) technologies tailored for small business operations. Through IoT, production processes can be monitored in real time; AI is applied to analyze sales data and predict material requirements and production schedules; while the ERP system automates inventory, transaction, and financial reporting processes. Trials conducted across MSMEs in the food, handicraft, and textile sectors demonstrated a 30% improvement in production efficiency and a 20% reduction in operational costs. The results indicate that the implementation of innovative technological platforms can significantly enhance efficiency, accuracy, and competitiveness among MSMEs. Digital transformation not only increases production efficiency but also enables broader business integration into the global market through cloud-based systems. Government and institutional support are essential to expand the adoption of such technologies, ensuring that Indonesian MSMEs become more adaptive, productive, and sustainable in the era of Industry 4.0.

This study aims to analyze how the integration of Islamic economic values operates in the management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds in Islamic schools and to identify supporting and inhibiting factors, as well as stakeholders’ perceptions regarding the application of sharia values in financial administrative practices. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing stages. The findings reveal that Islamic economic principles such as amanah (trustworthiness), sidq (honesty), al-‘adl (justice), and mas’uliyyah (accountability) have been internalized within the organizational culture and individual behavior of school managers, although not yet fully institutionalized. Supporting factors include religious leadership, Islamic ethical organizational culture, and community participation, while the main constraints involve limited human resources, low literacy in sharia accounting, and the absence of a faith-based monitoring system. Stakeholders demonstrate a strong moral awareness of sharia values but with limited technical understanding. The study concludes that effective integration requires synergy between spiritual values, technical capacity, and institutional policies to establish transparent and socially just financial governance in Islamic education institutions.

The phenomenon of Indonesian migrant workers reflects a critical nexus between labor migration, international law, and sustainable development. Indonesia is among the world’s largest labor-sending countries, with millions of its citizens employed abroad, particularly in the Middle East and Asia. Remittances from migrant workers provide substantial economic benefits for the state and households, yet these workers often face systemic vulnerabilities including exploitation, discrimination, and inadequate legal protection. This article examines the extent to which international law and Indonesia’s national legal framework safeguard the rights of migrant workers while contributing to the realization of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth. International instruments such as the 1990 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and their Families (ICRMW) and relevant ILO conventions provide comprehensive standards, but their effectiveness is constrained by limited ratification from key receiving states. At the domestic level, Indonesia has enacted Law No. 18 of 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (UU PPMI), which represents a shift toward state responsibility and alignment with international human rights norms. Nevertheless, implementation challenges ranging from weak enforcement and bureaucratic overlap to insufficient diplomatic support abroad remain significant. The findings suggest that while Indonesia has made normative progress, practical protection is hindered by governance gaps and lack of cooperation from host countries. Strengthening enforcement, regional collaboration, and worker empowerment are crucial to ensuring that Indonesian migrant workers achieve genuine “decent work” as envisioned by SDG 8.