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The execution of Mortgage Rights (Hak Tanggungan) represents legal certainty as regulated in Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights. Execution of the collateral object can be carried out through private sale, parate execution, or based on an executorial title. This mechanism reflects good faith and trust between the creditor and debtor in a lending agreement. In line with Sharia principles, the murabahah financing contract also allows for collateral (rahn tasjily), granting the creditor the authority to execute the collateral object if the debtor defaults. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Mortgage Rights execution in Sharia financing, specifically under the murabahah contract. The method used is normative juridical research with a descriptive approach, employing statutory and case study analysis, and based on literature and relevant regulations. The results indicate that land rights can serve as collateral under Mortgage Rights in Sharia financing. This is confirmed in the Supreme Court Decision Number 179K/Pdt/2017, which serves as jurisprudential precedent for Decision Number 3/Yur/2018, where the collateral is executed through a Deed of Granting Mortgage Rights. The position of the creditor in a murabahah contract is equivalent to that in conventional financing, as confirmed in the DSN-MUI Fatwa, thus the creditor retains the right to execute even if the debtor defaults before the due date.

This study aims to analyze the role of the Selected Topics in Mathematics course in developing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) among prospective mathematics teachers through a systematic literature review. The review covered 21 articles published between 2020 and 2025, sourced from nationally accredited Sinta-indexed journals and reputable international journals. The research employed the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, following the stages of data reduction, data display, and verification and interpretation based on the model by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña (2014). The analysis revealed that the implementation of problem-based learning and inquiry-based learning strategies is effective in enhancing students’ abilities in analysis, evaluation, and creation. The use of authentic assessments such as projects and reflective rubrics proved to be more comprehensive in measuring higher-order thinking processes compared to conventional tests. Key challenges identified include limited lecturer training, lack of contextual teaching materials, and insufficient technological support. This study confirms the strategic potential of the Selected Topics in Mathematics course in fostering HOTS among prospective teachers and offers recommendations for strengthening the curriculum and developing HOTS-based assessments in higher education.

Impaired emotion regulation and decreased quality of life are common, yet often untreated, sequelae of stroke. Conventional rehabilitation primarily targets physical and cognitive recovery, leaving affective disturbances unaddressed. This study examined the efficacy of a structured Buddhist meditation program—Mindful Resilience After Stroke (MRAS)—for improving emotion regulation and quality of life in stroke survivors. Forty-two ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke patients (3–18 months post-onset) were consecutively recruited and randomly allocated to an intervention group (n = 21) receiving an 8-week MRAS protocol (1 × 60 min/week) or a control group (n = 21) receiving standard care only. Emotion regulation was assessed with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form (DERS-SF) and quality of life with the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL). Between-group changes (Δ post-pre) were analyzed using independent t-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). The intervention group showed a significantly greater reduction in emotion-regulation difficulties than controls (ΔDERS-SF −18.4 ± 5.1 vs. −3.2 ± 4.3; p < 0.001; d = 1.62). Quality-of-life gains were also larger in the intervention group (ΔSS-QOL 35.7 ± 8.9 vs. 7.1 ± 6.5; p < 0.001; d = 1.89). The most improved sub-domains were emotional acceptance, emotional awareness, and impulse control (DERS-SF), as well as energy, mood, and social participation (SS-QOL). No intervention-related adverse events were reported. MRAS is an effective and safe adjunctive intervention to enhance emotion regulation and quality of life after stroke. Embedding mindfulness practices grounded in Buddhist tradition into stroke rehabilitation offers a holistic, culturally adaptable approach for neuropsychological services in Indonesia.

This community service program was carried out in Dolok Kahean Village, Tapian Dolok District, Simalungun Regency, with the main focus on optimizing digital literacy to increase the competitiveness of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The purpose of this program is to strengthen the competitive position of MSMEs, especially Rengginang Ibu Saliem, who still rely on conventional marketing systems and have a minimal understanding of business digitalization. The method used is a participatory and educational approach, carried out in four systematic stages: needs assessment, material design, program implementation, and mentoring and evaluation. The results of the activity showed significant achievements, with an increase in digital literacy understanding by 80% based on a comparison of pre-service and post-service. In practice, partners have succeeded in forming a business digital identity, namely @rengginanghuta_ibusaliem Instagram accounts, and are able to run digital marketing starting from content processes to customer interaction. Theoretically, these findings strengthen the argument that digital literacy is an essential foundation in facing the challenges of the digital economy, where increased competitiveness is not only influenced by technical skills, but also by changes in mindset and business independence. The implication of this program is that local MSMEs now have adequate capabilities and platforms to expand market reach beyond the village boundaries.

Banking stability plays a crucial role in maintaining financial system resilience and supporting national economic growth. Fluctuations in macroeconomic factors often impact banks' financial health, particularly their capital. This study aims to explore how macroeconomic factors such as inflation, central bank benchmark interest rates, and gross domestic product (GDP) impact capital adequacy ratio (CAR) in conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2024. This study employed a quantitative approach with an associative design, utilizing secondary data. The sample size for this study was 43 conventional banks. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression using SPSS. The findings indicate that inflation and benchmark interest rates do not significantly impact financial health, while GDP indicators show a modest positive trend. These findings confirm that macroeconomic conditions are not yet a dominant factor in determining bank capital adequacy. Therefore, it is suspected that internal factors such as risk management, profitability, and operational efficiency play a greater role in maintaining bank capital stability.

Decision Support Systems (DSS) can become inaccurate when used with imprecise, incomplete, or dynamically changing data. Fuzzy logic techniques based on conventional methodologies may be strong at handling vagueness, but are unable to adapt their behavior in response to different data distributions on their own. This paper recommends the creation of an Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Integration Framework that dynamically updates membership functions and rule weights in response to data variation to enhance decision accuracy under uncertainty. The described framework combines Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) with learning-based parameter update concepts borrowed from adaptive optimisation. The model was simulated and executed on a hybrid algorithmic platform that included gradient-based parameter tuning and iterative feedback learning. Experimental tests were conducted on uncertainty-generated data sets to compare adaptive and conventional fuzzy models in terms of ISME (Root Mean Square Error), convergence stability, and decision accuracy. Previous results show that the adaptive model achieves a 21.4% increase in accuracy and a 28% improvement in convergence rate compared to non-adaptive fuzzy systems. Moreover, the model ensures stable performance even in the presence of random data perturbations, demonstrating its ability to handle uncertainty. This book incorporates a self-tuning fuzzy decision model that converts static inference structures to dynamic evolving decision engines. The outcomes establish a foundation for next-generation smart DSS for real-time optimization in uncertainty.

This study aims to reveal and describe the dramatic structure of the Retna Paniti play as performed by Mariyanto, a puppeteer from Ngawonggo, Klaten. The research was conducted because the performance presents a distinctive dramatic form that differs from the conventional structure of the Surakarta-style pakeliran. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on the analysis of scene sequences and the interrelation among dramatic elements. Data were collected through literature review, observation of the 2018 performance recording, and in-depth interviews with informants familiar with Mariyanto’s puppetry style. The findings indicate that the dramatic structure of Retna Paniti in Mariyanto’s version follows a pattern close to Freytag’s Pyramid theory, yet adapted to the folk puppetry tradition of the Ngawonggo substyle. The performance opens with the battle scene between Gatotkaca and Baladewa, creating immediate tension, which contrasts with the Surakarta-style convention that typically begins with the jejer scene. The dramatic flow progresses from exposition to falling action and culminates in the achievement of harmony. The central theme emphasizes ethical values concerning harmony, loyalty, and self-control in social life, maintaining its relevance in contemporary society.

Application of Multi-Layer Perceptron neural network to fault classification in high-voltage transmission lines is demonstrated in this paper. Different fault types on protected transmission line should be detected and classified rapidly and correctly. This paper presents the use of Discrete Wavelet Transform energy features combined with zero sequence current magnitude as input features for neural network classifier. The proposed method uses eight extracted features to learn hidden relationship in fault signal patterns. Using proposed approach, fault detection and classification of all 11 fault types could be achieved with high accuracy. Improved performance is experienced once the neural network is trained sufficiently with 1188 fault samples, thus performing correctly when faced with different system conditions. Results of performance studies show that proposed neural network-based classifier achieves 96.18% average accuracy, which demonstrates that it can improve the performance of conventional fault classification algorithms, which in turn can provide more efficient solutions in the management and protection of high voltage electrical systems.

Islamic philosophy is one of the most dynamic intellectual traditions in the history of Islamic civilization, but its development is often reduced in modern historiographical narratives that place it as a continuation or derivative of Greek philosophy alone. Through his work History of Islamic Philosophy, Henry Corbin offers a different hermeneutic and phenomenological framework for reading the development of Islamic philosophy, namely by placing it as a continuous tradition, spiritual-metaphysical in nature, and not limited by political boundaries or conventional chronological sequences. This article aims to critically examine Corbin's view of the continuity of Islamic philosophy, assess his intellectual contribution to the study of Islamic philosophy, and examine the methodological limitations of his approach. Through a literature review and content analysis of Corbin's book and relevant academic literature, this article finds that Corbin has succeeded in opening new horizons in understanding the richness of the Islamic intellectual tradition, particularly through his emphasis on the role of creative imagination, inner dimensions, and the continuity of the wisdom tradition in Iran. On the other hand, his tendency to focus on esoteric aspects and spiritual experiences makes his narrative less comprehensive in reaching the rational, political, and social traditions in Islamic philosophy. This article concludes that despite its limitations, Corbin's work still makes a significant contribution to the development of contemporary Islamic philosophy studies, particularly in establishing a more holistic, dialogical, and open approach to the metaphysical dimensions of Islamic tradition.

Accurate paddy field area data is a crucial factor in agricultural development planning, particularly as a basis for formulating data-driven programs and policies. One of the main problems encountered at the regional level is the continued reliance on administrative data that does not fully reflect actual field conditions due to land use changes, boundary inaccuracies, and limited verification processes. This study aims to determine an appropriate method for obtaining accurate paddy field area data through the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Maros Regency. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using spatial analysis methods. The data utilized consisted of Paddy Field Base Data, National Geospatial Base Maps, high-resolution satellite imagery, and field verification data. Spatial analysis was conducted through digitization, overlay, intersect, and area calculation processes using ArcMap 10.8 software. The results indicate that GIS-based spatial analysis produces more accurate and verified paddy field area data compared to conventional administrative data. The integration of spatial data with field verification effectively minimizes measurement errors and boundary discrepancies. This method can serve as a reliable reference for providing accurate agricultural base data to support planning and policy-making in the agricultural sector.

This study aims to analyze in depth the cultural construction of independence in Islamic boarding schools through the perspective of educational sociology. The main focus of this study is to explore how social structures, power relations between kyai and santri, and hidden curriculum mechanisms contribute significantly to the formation of santri's independent character. This research is motivated by the discrepancy between national educational goals and the reality of the crisis of independence often found in formal educational institutions. Using descriptive qualitative methods through a literature study and critical synthesis approach, this study examines the phenomenon of independence as a sociological product. The results of the study show that the independence of santri is not merely obedience to formal rules, but rather the result of the formation of internalized habitus through strict daily discipline and the accumulation of cultural capital transmitted by the figure of the kyai. These findings confirm that the charismatic relationship between kyai and santri serves as the main channel for transmitting the values of initiative and responsibility. Furthermore, the hidden curriculum manifested in the daily exemplary behavior of the kyai has proven to be more effective in shaping the autonomy of santri than conventional classroom instruction. The implications of this study confirm that the educational ecosystem model in Islamic boarding schools can serve as a strategic reference for modern educational institutions in overcoming the challenges of character degradation and independence among students in the contemporary era.

The development of information technology has driven significant changes in contracting practices, including the emergence of electronic contracts as a form of agreement in digital transactions. This study aims to analyze the legal basis, validity requirements, constituent elements, and legal status of electronic contracts under the Law of ITE, Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019, Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019, and the general principles of agreement in the Civil Code. The research employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative analytical approach through a literature review of legislation and relevant legal doctrine. The study’s findings indicate that electronic contracts fundamentally possess the same validity as conventional written contracts, provided they satisfy the validity requirements of Article 1320 of the Civil Code and the technical provisions set forth in the implementing regulations of the UU ITE. These provisions include the use of reliable electronic systems, adherence to the principles of prudence and good faith, and the provision of clear electronic information. Electronic contracts must also contain the essentialia, naturalia, and accidentalia elements as regulated in Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019, and they are subject to additional rules applicable to electronic transactions under Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019. The implications of this study underscore the importance of raising electronic system security standards, providing legal education for participants in digital transactions, and strengthening regulations on digital proof and evidentiary rules so that electronic contracts can deliver optimal legal certainty.

Digital developments have encouraged batik MSME players to adjust their marketing strategies to remain relevant in today's digital era. However, most batik MSMEs in Kenep Village still rely on conventional methods so that they face obstacles in reaching consumers. This study aims to examine and compare the conditions of consumer behavior before, during, and after the implementation of marketing digitalization assistance. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a comparative study method. Data were collected through non-participatory observation, interviews, and documentation on five batik MSMEs. The results showed that marketing digitalization assistance was able to improve the visual quality of products, prepare more informative descriptions, encourage consumer interaction, and expand the reach of promotions through social media and e-commerce. The implementation of digital marketing strategies through social media and e-commerce is proven to affect consumer behavior, marked by increased purchase interest, trust, and loyalty to batik products. This change makes consumers more trusting, actively provide testimonials, make repeat purchases, and recommend products to others. The implications of these findings indicate that adjustments to digital marketing strategies can have an impact on the development of local batik MSMEs

In the digital era, the demand for practical and efficient security systems has significantly increased, particularly in the context of access control for restricted rooms or buildings. This research aims to develop an automatic door locking system utilizing an RFID card and a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology through real-time notifications using the Telegram application. The system is designed to replace conventional locking methods that often present various weaknesses, such as key loss, physical duplication, and lack of remote access capabilities. The development method employed is the Research and Development (R&D) approach, consisting of needs analysis, system design, hardware and software implementation, followed by testing and evaluation. The main components used in the system include the RC522 RFID reader for user identification, Espressif manufactures the ESP-32 microcontroller, which is equipped with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules to enable wireless internet connections. NodeMCU ESP32 as the control center and internet connector, a relay module as an electronic switch, and a solenoid door lock as the actuator. The results show that the system is capable of accurately reading RFID card UIDs, granting access to registered cards, activating the solenoid to unlock the door, and sending access status notifications to Telegram in an average of less than three seconds. The system also effectively denies access to unregistered cards and sends warning messages accordingly. Therefore, this system enhances the security and efficiency of room access control and has the potential to be adopted as a prototype solution in the development of smart homes or modern access control systems.

This study aims to examine the effect of using the Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review (SQ3R) method assisted by digital story texts on students' critical thinking skills in the material "Book of the Window World" of grade V of SD Negeri 104202 Bandar Setia. The background of this study is based on the low critical thinking skills of students due to the dominance of conventional methods that are less varied and minimal use of learning media, especially in Indonesian subjects. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and a Nonrandomized Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The research subjects consisted of class VA (experimental, n = 22) who received learning with the SQ3R method assisted by digital story texts, and class VB (control, n = 23) who received conventional learning. The pretest results showed that students' initial critical thinking skills were in the moderate category (experimental x ̄ = 67.23; control x ̄ = 51.96). After the treatment, the experimental class' posttest average increased significantly to 82.41, or 15.18 points, while the control class did not experience any significant improvement. A t-test demonstrated a significant difference between the two groups (t count > t table). The study's conclusions indicate that the SQ3R method, aided by digital narrative texts, significantly improved students' critical thinking skills compared to conventional methods.

This study originated from the issue of students’ limited comprehension of healthy and nutritious food concepts, which influences their lack of awareness in practicing a balanced diet in daily life. The conventional learning approach with minimal integration of visual aids has made students less engaged and hindered their overall understanding of the material. The primary objective of this research is to enhance fourth-grade students’ understanding of healthy and nutritious food at MI Al-Barokah through the application of picture-based learning media. Planing, implementation, observation, and reflection were the two stages of Classroom Action Research (CAR) that was used in the research. The participants were 25 fourth-grade students of MI Al-Barokah. Data were gathered through observations, interviews, and achievement tests, and analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. The findings revealed a marked improvement in students’ understanding after the introduction of picture media, as reflected in the increasing average learning scores across cycles, along with greater motivation, participation, and engagement in classroom activities. The integration of picture media proved effective in facilitating a clearer, more engaging, and meaningful grasp of healthy and nutritious food concepts. These results suggest that picture-based instructional media can serve as a valuable strategy to improve the quality of thematic learning in elementary education, especially in lessons concerning healthy living and balanced nutrition.

Limited digital literacy remains a challenge for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in utilizing social media as a marketing tool. MSMEs TSB LURE in Bangka Kota Village, South Bangka Regency, face problems in expanding their market reach because their marketing strategies are still conventional. This community service activity aims to improve the digital marketing capacity of MSMEs through the use of the TikTok platform. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), which actively involves partners in every stage of the activity, from problem identification, digital literacy training, content production assistance, to the implementation of TikTok Shop with the yellow basket feature. The results of the activity showed significant improvements, namely an increase in followers from 15 to 245, an increase in promotional content from 0 to 12, audience interaction reaching more than 350, and 65 clicks on the yellow basket. These achievements not only increased product visibility but also fostered social change in the form of the emergence of creative youth groups, local leaders from SME actors, and new awareness about the use of digital technology in supporting the local creative economy.

Production theory becomes the most important part to be studied in meeting individual needs for goods. However existing production has not been able to meet the needs of each individual, so uneven production causes many regions to lack food and other needs. his research is a literature research with descriptive qualitative analysis. Data sources are obtained through searching internet sources in the form of Qur'an and Hadith sources, books, national and international articles, and online news. The analysis technique used is content analysiswhich focuses on the perspective of Islamic economics. This study concludes that the theory of production in conventional economics is based on the Homo Economicus paradigm independent of moral guidance. However, Production Theory from an Islamic perspective is based on the Homo Islamicus Paradigm which implements the objectives of sharia (maqashid sharia). In Islamic economics, research on distribution has always been a heated debate because it talks not only about economic aspects but also about social and political aspects. Therefore, to this day, this research has attracted the attention of Islamic and conventional economic thinkers. The purpose of this research is to interpret and provide an explanation of data related to current circumstances, public perspectives and attitudes, conflicts between two or more situations, influences on certain conditions, and other factors. To lay the theoretical foundations for this qualitative descriptive research, researchers used library studies to gather information from books, magazines, newspapers, and other literature

This study discusses the design of artificial intelligence-based Al-Qur'an learning media through the Tahseen platform with a focus on the theme of Fastabiqul Khoirot. Al-Qur'an learning in the digital era faces challenges in the form of a lack of interest and involvement of students due to monotonous conventional methods. This study, through library research, aims to provide an overview of how to increase the efficiency of Al-Qur'an learning by integrating AI "Tarteel" Fastabiqul Khoirot Material in the learning process. This study considers the ethical and practical implications of the use of AI technology in religious learning and evaluates its impact on Al-Qur'an learning. In addition, this study also identifies various opportunities and challenges in the use of AI. The results of the study show that the AI “Tarteel” Fastabiqul Khoirot Material not only functions as a supplementary learning medium, but also proven effective in helping students improve their basic Quran reading skills. This success supports the use of applications as innovative learning solutions, while also confirming that technology-based learning, such as the Tarteel application, has great potential to be further developed to improve the quality of Quran education for all students . It is hoped that the results of this study can encourage wider adoption of AI technology in the education system, especially in the context of Quran learning. By strengthening the understanding of how best to utilize AI technology in Quran learning, it is hoped that a more effective and holistic approach can be developed.

Android continues to innovate, and biometric systems particularly fingerprint sensors must operate with high efficiency. However, the main challenge lies in the communication between hardware and software, which often causes high latency, excessive power consumption, and protocol incompatibility between components. As a result, authentication speed decreases and system stability is compromised, especially on mid- to low-range devices. This study explores various implementations of Android-based fingerprint systems, focusing on how sensor modules interact with the microcontroller or Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) and the operating system through a hardware-software co-design approach to evaluate integration efficiency across all layers. The analysis reveals that conventional protocols such as Bluetooth or serial connections still cause delays, while improvements in drivers and the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) can significantly reduce latency. As a solution, the researchers propose a co-design optimization approach that utilizes data flow normalization within the HAL and adopts lightweight communication protocols to accelerate the verification process. Based on the test results, this approach successfully improves efficiency—authentication time is reduced by up to 35% and power consumption decreases by approximately 15%. Therefore, the efficiency of communication between hardware and software becomes a key factor in enhancing the performance and reliability of fingerprint systems on Android devices.