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Background: Adolescence is a transitional phase marked by biological changes, one of which is menstruation. A common problem during menstruation is dysmenorrhea or lower abdominal pain, which can interfere with quality of life and daily activities. One non-pharmacological effort to address this is consuming dark chocolate, which contains magnesium and triggers the release of endorphins as a natural pain reliever. Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design through a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research population and sample consisted of 30 adolescent girls experiencing menstrual pain, selected using total sampling technique. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Test to examine the effect before and after the intervention. Results: Before consuming dark chocolate, the majority of respondents experienced moderate pain (76.7%) and severe pain (16.7%). After the intervention, a significant reduction in pain level occurred, with 90% of respondents falling into the mild pain category and no respondents experiencing severe pain. The mean pain level decreased from 2.07 to 1.20 with a p-value = 0.000. Conclusion: The administration of dark chocolate has a significant effect on reducing the level of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescents at Puskesmas Ibu.

Digital transformation in judicial institutions is aimed at improving transparency, efficiency, and legal certainty for the public. One of the main instruments in the digitization of the judiciary in Indonesia is the Case Tracking Information System (Sistem Informasi Penelusuran Perkara/SIPP), which functions as a means of case administration as well as a medium for public information disclosure. Although SIPP is considered to be running well from an administrative perspective, its effectiveness from the point of view of service users, particularly in providing information on court schedules, still shows limitations in its practical use. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of SIPP in providing information and certainty regarding court schedules for service users at the Surabaya Class IA Special District Court. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with service users and court officials, observation, and review of documents and system data. The analysis was conducted using the Socio-digital effectiveness framework, which focuses on three dimensions, namely user experience, citizen engagement, and public value, to examine the relationship between digital systems, user experience, and the social meaning of public judicial services. The analysis shows that the SIPP has been quite effective in providing access to court schedule information at the administrative level. This effectiveness is reflected in the openness of information access, which can be used by the public without special authentication. However, at the level of practical use, there are still limitations in terms of timeliness and consistency of information updates when there are delays or changes to the court schedule. This affects the user experience in planning attendance and shapes perceptions of the reliability of the digital information provided by the court.

The development of e-commerce and digital financial services has changed consumer behavior, particularly among Generation Z. One emerging innovation is the Paylater service, which offers convenience and flexibility in transactions. While providing easy access, the use of Paylater also has the potential to increase consumer behavior and impulsive purchases. This study aims to analyze the role of financial literacy and lifestyle in the use of Paylater services among Generation Z through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. A total of ten scientific articles published in the last five years were analyzed to examine the relationship between financial literacy, lifestyle, and Paylater usage behavior. The results show that financial literacy has an inconsistent influence and tends to act as a controlling factor, while a consumptive and hedonistic lifestyle is the dominant factor driving Paylater use. In addition, behavioral factors such as impulsive purchases and technological convenience also strengthen the tendency to use these services. This study concludes that increasing financial literacy balanced with controlling a consumptive lifestyle is very influential in encouraging the wise and sustainable use of Paylater.

Working memory (WM) has been extensively studied as a cognitive factor influencing second language acquisition (SLA), but many studies treat it as a static, trait-like capacity. This approach provides limited insight into how WM works across different stages of development, proficiency levels, and learning contexts. This article combines theoretical and empirical research on working memory in SLA from a dynamic and developmental perspective, analyzing how the influence of WM varies over time and interacts with other cognitive and contextual factors. Referencing Baddeley's multicomponent model, complex dynamic systems theory, and longitudinal research, this article examines evidence regarding the role of WM in various language domains, including vocabulary learning, grammar processing, and language production. It also investigates how WM works differently at various proficiency levels and developmental periods, from childhood to adulthood. Evidence suggests that WM plays a very strong role in the early stages of learning when processing is effortful and controlled, but becomes less central as linguistic knowledge becomes automated. The relationship between WM and SLA appears to be bidirectional, with sustained language learning contributing to the development of specific WM components, particularly executive control. The influence of WM varies significantly based on task characteristics, teaching context, and learner profiles. Understanding WM as a dynamic resource rather than a fixed constraint has important pedagogical implications. Instructions that manage cognitive load, provide support, and encourage metacognitive awareness can help learners with diverse cognitive profiles. A developmental approach in WM research requires longitudinal designs and task-aligned methodologies to capture changes over time, thereby advancing theory and practice in SLA.

Background: Elderly people were a vulnerable population who experienced physical, psychological, social, and environmental changes that could reduce their quality of life. One important factor influencing quality of life was social support. Social support played a crucial role in helping alderly people improve their well-being and life satisfaction. Elderly people who received high social support from family, friends, or their environment tended to feel more valued, loved, and cared for. Method: This study employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 204 elderly people living in Pucang Gading Social Service Home, Semarang and Wening Wardoyo Social Servise Home, Ungaran. A total of 135 respondents were selection using non probability sampling. Data were collected using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to measure social support and the WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire to assess quality of life of older adults. Data analysis was conducted using the Somers’d test with a significance level of 0,05. Results: The results showed that most respondents have high social support (60,7%) and high quality of life (74,1%). The somers’d test indicated a p-value = 0,000 (p<0,05) and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0,508, indicating a positive relationship with moderate strength. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between social support and quality of life among elderly people at social homes in Semarang. Increasing social support from family, peers, and the institutional environment could help elderly people experience their later years more happily, meaningfully, and prosperously.

Background: Three-monthly injectable contraception is one of the most commonly used hormonal contraceptive methods due to its effectiveness, practicality, and high acceptance among women of reproductive age. However, its use is frequently associated with menstrual changes, particularly amenorrhea, which may affect user satisfaction and continuity of contraceptive use. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the use of 3-monthly injectable contraception and the incidence of amenorrhea among women of reproductive age. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with an analytical observational design using a cross-sectional method. The study was conducted at a primary healthcare facility providing family planning services. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and supported by a review of medical records. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between contraceptive use and the incidence of amenorrhea, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The results showed that more than half of the respondents experienced amenorrhea. Amenorrhea was more frequently observed among women who had used 3-monthly injectable contraception for more than one year. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the duration of 3-monthly injectable contraceptive use and the incidence of amenorrhea (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the use of 3-monthly injectable contraception and the occurrence of amenorrhea. These findings emphasize the importance of providing comprehensive counseling regarding potential menstrual changes to improve contraceptive acceptance and continuity.

Stock monitoring is a critical phase that must be performed regularly to maintain the accuracy and efficiency of inventory management. Continuous monitoring ensures that all items remain under proper oversight, thereby making stock management processes simpler, more controlled, and highly accurate. PT XYZ operates in the general contracting sector and provides a range of services, including land transportation, crude oil rental, heavy equipment and light vehicle rental, material supply, and well maintenance services. At present, stock monitoring at PT XYZ still relies on a general-purpose application designed solely for numerical calculations. This approach leads to several limitations in the current system, most notably the lack of a login feature and the requirement to recreate reports using a separate application. Based on these problems, this research aims to design a prototype of a stock monitoring information system at PT XYZ. The system is developed using the waterfall development model and documented using use case diagrams. The main output of this study is a prototype information system that allows users to change their own password, perform CRUD operations on data entities including users, items, categories, brands, units, vehicles, suppliers, incoming goods, and outgoing goods, generate various reports related to inventory/stock at PT XYZ.

Hypertension is a public health problem that requires educational approaches and nonpharmacological interventions. This community service activity aimed to improve knowledge and support community-based hypertension management through health education, hypertension exercise, and cucumber juice therapy in RT 03 RW 08 Lenteng Agung, South Jakarta. The activity was conducted in three stages. The preparation stage included site selection, door-to-door screening of individuals with hypertension, which identified 32 hypertensive residents, obtaining informed consent, and preparing the instruments. The implementation stage consisted of hypertension education with pre-test and post-test knowledge assessments, as well as demonstrations of hypertension exercise and cucumber juice preparation involving 29 participants. Participants were encouraged to perform the exercise and consume cucumber juice regularly for seven days at home. The evaluation stage assessed changes in blood pressure after the intervention. The results showed improved knowledge and reduced blood pressure in most participants. This activity was effective in supporting hypertension management in the community.

This study examines the transformation of family structures among Syrian refugees in Gaziantep, Turkey, using a meta-synthesis of 47 studies published between 2015 and 2024. The research focuses on changes in relational, economic, and normative aspects due to prolonged displacement. The findings reveal significant shifts in family dynamics, with 73.8% of families redefining traditional gender roles and 64.2% of women becoming the primary breadwinners. The divorce rate increased by 42.6%, with 38.7% of cases linked to economic pressures. Logistic regression shows a strong correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) between displacement duration and family structure transformation. The study supports Heger, Boyle, and Ali’s (2010) argument about the fluidity of gender roles in forced migration but challenges Buscher’s (2011) view on the persistence of patriarchal structures. Additionally, 82.3% of families adopted more egalitarian parenting, and children's participation in education rose to 67.4%, reducing the gender gap to 8.2%. The study also identifies adaptive strategies, such as the use of communal support systems by 58.6% of families and the integration of local cultural values by 45.2%, offering insights into resilience and adaptive capacity in prolonged crises.

This study aims to analyze the development of marine tourism in Makassar City. The city of Makassar has rich maritime potential with a combination of coastal areas and small islands that have underwater ecosystems and beautiful beach scenery, supporting the formation of marine tourism. Although there is regulatory support from various relevant national regulations and regional policies to support the development of marine tourism, the facilitation of this development still faces several challenges, including sectoral ego, poor coordination between institutions, and inadequate participation from the local community. This research was examined through the adaptive capacity theory by Emerson and Gerlak (2014), which includes structural arrangements, leadership, knowledge and learning, and resources, while the research method used was a qualitative method examined using descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that increasing adaptive capacity through joint efforts, participatory leadership, collective learning, and effective resource management is crucial in promoting sustainable marine tourism. In this regard, the implementation of marine tourism in Makassar City needs to be formulated as a tourism management system that adapts to social, economic, and ecological changes in order to achieve sustainable regional development through marine tourism.

Character-based Islamic education plays a crucial role in shaping environmental awareness and behavior in schools. This study aims to analyze the role of character-based Islamic education in shaping environmental behavior and supporting the realization of Green Schools. The research approach uses a literature review method with content analysis techniques. An analysis of 17 scientific literature, consisting of books and articles from national and international journals published between 2022 and 2025, focused on the integration of Islamic values into Islamic Religious Education (ISE), the process of character internalization, and ecological practices in the school environment. The results indicate that the values of trustworthiness, responsibility, simplicity, and the concept of khalifah fil The environment is the main foundation for fostering students' ecological awareness. The integration of religious beliefs, morals, and Islamic jurisprudence with environmental issues can transform religious values into concrete actions through habituation and exemplary behavior by educators. Changes in student behavior are reflected in habits of maintaining cleanliness, managing waste, and sustainably caring for the school environment. Character-based Islamic education also contributes to building an environmentally friendly school culture and strengthening synergy between schools and the community. This study confirms that character-based Islamic education is relevant as a moral and spiritual approach to addressing the challenges of the environmental crisis. The Green School model based on Islamic values has the potential to become a strategic alternative in developing sustainable education.

Sleep disturbances are a common complaint among perimenopausal women due to hormonal, psychological, and physiological changes, which impact their health and quality of life. Safe and easy-to-apply non-pharmacological approaches, such as lemongrass aromatherapy (Cymbopogon citratus), have the potential to be a supportive alternative in overcoming sleep disturbances during this phase. However, empirical evidence regarding the effect of lemongrass aromatherapy on the sleep quality of perimenopausal women is still limited, especially in the context of primary health care in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effect of lemongrass aromatherapy on the sleep quality of perimenopausal women. This study used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design. The sample consisted of 30 perimenopausal women selected using total sampling technique in the working area of Pustu Paring Lahung UPT Tumpung Laung. The intervention in the form of lemongrass aromatherapy through inhalation was carried out regularly before bedtime. Sleep quality was measured before and after the intervention using a standardized questionnaire. Data analysis was performed descriptively and bivariately using Fisher's Exact Test. Descriptively, there was an improvement in sleep quality after the administration of lemongrass aromatherapy, marked by a decrease in the proportion of poor sleep quality and an increase in good sleep quality. However, the statistical test results showed that the relationship between sleep quality before and after treatment was not statistically significant (p = 0.515). Lemongrass aromatherapy showed a tendency toward clinically significant improvement in sleep quality, but this was not statistically significant. Further research with a stronger design and longer intervention duration is needed to confirm the effectiveness of lemongrass aromatherapy on the sleep quality of perimenopausal women.

The growth of the digital economy in the 5.0 era has changed consumer behavior, particularly among students as digital natives. This study aims to analyze the influence of Celebrity Endorsers, Product Quality, Social Media Marketing, and Influencer Credibility on Purchase Intention, with Brand Image as a mediating variable. The research focuses on students in Pemalang Regency who use the Shopee e-commerce platform. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected from 100 respondents through purposive and accidental sampling. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression, path analysis, and the Sobel test with IBM SPSS 25. The results indicate that all independent variables have a positive and significant effect on Purchase Intention. In addition, Brand Image is proven to mediate the influence of these variables. The findings suggest that enhancing quality perception and selecting credible endorsers aligned with brand values are important strategies for Shopee to increase consumer purchase intention. This study provides empirical contributions to the development of digital marketing literature.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has significantly changed strategy and decision making in marketing management. However, the massive use of AI raises new challenges regarding ethics, transparency and governance. This research aims to analyze the impact of using AI, especially recommender systems and large language models (LLMs), on the effectiveness of marketing decisions, as well as the role of AI governance in controlling emerging ethical issues. The research method uses a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis of data collected from 250 marketing professionals in Indonesia. The research results show that the use of AI has a significant positive effect on the effectiveness of marketing decisions (β=0.62, p<0.001), but also raises ethical issues (β=0.48, p<0.01). Ethical issues were proven to reduce the effectiveness of marketing decisions (β=-0.31, p<0.05), while good AI governance was able to moderate the negative impact of ethical issues (β=0.27, p<0.05). These findings underscore the importance of AI governance in building effective and ethical marketing systems.

Stroke is a major cause of long-term disability and frequently results in balance impairment that limits functional mobility and increases the risk of falls. Impaired trunk control and postural instability are common consequences of stroke, highlighting the need for effective rehabilitation strategies. This study aimed to analyze the effect of Core Stability Exercise on balance improvement in stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation at the Medical Rehabilitation Polyclinic of RS Adhyaksa Jakarta. A case study design with a pretest–posttest approach was applied to three patients with ischemic stroke who presented with balance disorders. The intervention consisted of Core Stability Exercise, including bridging, bird-dog exercise, and seated balance exercise, conducted three times per week for eight sessions. Balance performance was measured using the Berg Balance Scale before and after the intervention. The findings demonstrated a consistent increase in Berg Balance Scale scores in all patients, indicating improvements in static and dynamic balance as well as a reduction in fall risk. Patients with better initial motor control showed faster and greater improvement, although positive changes were also observed in patients with more severe impairments. These results suggest that Core Stability Exercise contributes to enhanced trunk stability, postural control, and functional balance in stroke patients. The study implies that integrating Core Stability Exercise into routine physiotherapy programs may support more comprehensive and individualized stroke rehabilitation, particularly in addressing balance-related functional limitations.

Indonesia, as a country with a high level of disaster vulnerability, faces an increased risk of communicable diseases during the emergency response phase due to disrupted sanitation, limited access to clean water, overcrowded evacuation shelters, and weakened health services. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of health workers in health education and the prevention of communicable diseases during disaster emergency response. The method used is a literature review of relevant national and international scientific articles. The findings indicate that health workers have a multidimensional role, not only as providers of curative services but also as educators, change agents, advocates, and collaborators in promotive and preventive efforts. Effective health education, participatory risk communication, strengthened epidemiological surveillance, and the implementation of Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) are key strategies to reduce the risk of communicable disease outbreaks. However, implementation in the field still faces challenges, including limited resources, cross-sectoral coordination constraints, heavy workloads, and suboptimal disaster-related policy systems and standard operating procedures (SOPs). Therefore, strengthening the capacity of health workers through training, policy support, and community-based approaches is necessary to enhance health system resilience in responding to disaster crises.

The land conflict between the Pandumaan-Sipituhuta indigenous community and PT Toba Pulp Lestari is a form of agrarian conflict involving claims to control customary territory and corporate interests. This study aims to analyze the role of the Indigenous Peoples Alliance of the Archipelago (AMAN) in this conflict. The approach used was qualitative with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that AMAN plays a significant role in various aspects, such as legal assistance, mass mobilization, community organizing, legal education, and village deliberations. In addition, AMAN also builds networks with various parties to strengthen the bargaining position of indigenous communities. Through these roles, AMAN has succeeded in increasing the bargaining power of the Pandumaan-Sipituhuta indigenous community in facing the conflict with PT Toba Pulp Lestari. This study confirms that advocacy organizations such as AMAN have a crucial role in fighting for the rights of indigenous communities in land disputes, as well as being agents of change in resolving agrarian conflicts.

The Baduy tribe is an indigenous community in Banten Province divided into two main groups, namely Inner Baduy and Outer Baduy, with varying levels of adherence to customary law and exposure to modernization. This article examines various government policies that affect the survival and identity of the Baduy tribe. These policies include the recognition of customary rights through Lebak Regency Regulation No. 32 of 2001, the designation of Kanekes Village as customary land, and the designation of the Baduy area as a tourist destination. Although these policies aim to protect the rights and preserve the culture of the Baduy, their implementation has created a dilemma. On the one hand, tourism opens up new economic opportunities and raises cultural awareness. On the other hand, the influx of tourists triggers significant social, cultural, economic, and environmental changes, especially among the Outer Baduy, including the adoption of modern technology, shifts in consumption patterns, and increased environmental pollution. Thus, preservation policies have ironically become drivers of change that undermine the Baduy community's original identity.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in the regional economy, including in Boyolali Regency. However, this contribution has not been fully matched by adequate human resources (HR). The main problem in this study is the still low capacity of MSMEs' human resources, particularly in aspects of managerial skills, digital literacy, and adaptability to changes in the business environment, which impact business performance. This study aims to analyze human resource development strategies implemented in the MSME context and examine the impact of these strategies on improving MSME performance in Boyolali Regency. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with a content analysis approach to relevant scientific literature from the past five years. The research process includes determining inclusion and exclusion criteria, searching for literature sources, thematic coding, and synthesizing research findings. The results show that effective HR development strategies can be grouped into three main aspects: skills training, marketing digitalization, and cross-sector collaboration. These three strategies have been proven to contribute positively to improving MSME competency, operational efficiency, market expansion, and business competitiveness. Thus, human resource development is a key factor in driving sustainable improvement in MSME performance, particularly in facing the challenges of digital transformation and increasingly complex economic competition.

Arrhythmias are generally classified into two groups: disorders of impulse formation and disorders of impulse conduction. Cardiac arrhythmias can also be categorized into three main types: supraventricular arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias, and bradyarrhythmias. One of the most commonly encountered arrhythmias in clinical practice is Atrial fibrillation. This study employed a case study method using a nursing process approach. The subjects consisted of two patients: Mrs. S, a 74-year-old female, and Mr. R, a 44-year-old male. The nursing intervention administered was antiarrhythmic therapy using intravenous digoxin. Evaluation was conducted by monitoring the patients’ heart rate and cardiac rhythm using an electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor. The results of the case studies in both patients showed that digoxin therapy produced a positive therapeutic response, as evidenced by a gradual reduction in heart rate. However, ECG monitoring revealed no significant changes in cardiac rhythm. These findings suggest that digoxin is effective for rate control, although it does not restore sinus rhythm.