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One of the efforts to overcome teacher problems in learning is by educational supervision. Supervision is guidance in the form of guidance or guidance towards improving the educational situation in general and improving the quality of teaching and learning. Supervision is carried out by the Principal (supervisor) whose role is to supervise teaching and learning activities, teacher performance etc. The purpose of supervision is to develop better situations to train the learning process and improve the teaching profession. The study was conducted because researchers wanted to get a better understanding of a special case This research reveals specifically about the implementation of teaching supervision and teacher performance in the learning process of Islamic religious education in MTSN 2 Bengkalis. Based on the entire series of analysis and discussion of data, it can be concluded that the implementation of principal supervision of the performance of Islamic religious education teachers in MTSN 2 Bengkalis is The planning of principal supervision is carried out in a planned, systematic and continuous manner. At this stage the principal determines the name of the teacher to be observed, forms a determination of the time for the implementation of the observation time, compiles an observation grid and determines whether the class observation is known to the teacher or not, this is based on an agreement between the principal and the Islamic religious education teacher. In the implementation of supervision, the principal's attitude did not interfere with the process of learning Islamic religious education in the classroom even the principal at the end of class hours gave motivation to students to continue learning diligently. In the follow-up stage, the results of supervision are discussed jointly between Islamic religious education teachers and school principals who discuss teacher deficiencies in teaching in the hope that in the future teachers can improve them.

This study explores the policy dynamics surrounding the implementation of the 21st-century skills-based curriculum, focusing on the perceptions and challenges faced by stakeholders at various educational levels. Through semi-structured interviews with teachers, principals, and policymakers, along with policy document analysis, the research identifies a significant gap between national policy design and its practical implementation at the school level. The study reveals that while the national curriculum emphasizes critical competencies such as critical thinking, creativity, and collaboration, there is a disconnect between these objectives and their classroom application. The main challenges include limited resources, cultural resistance, and lack of support from regional governments. The findings emphasize the need for a more flexible, context-sensitive curriculum that can be adapted to local needs. The study also emphasizes the importance of ongoing professional development and strong leadership to facilitate the adoption of innovative teaching methods. To address these challenges, the study calls for a coordinated approach involving national, regional, and school-level authorities to ensure effective curriculum reform. The research contributes valuable insights into the complexities of curriculum implementation and offers recommendations to improve educational policies and practices aimed at equipping students with the necessary skills for the modern world.

Cross-infection is one of the main risks faced in medical procedures, including tooth extraction in health facilities such as the dental clinic of the Health Center. This infection can occur through direct contact with blood, saliva, or non-sterile medical equipment, as well as through transmission from patients to medical personnel or vice versa. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of efforts to prevent and control cross-infection in tooth extraction procedures at the Dental Clinic of the Kassi - Kassi Health Center. The methods used in this study include counseling to medical personnel regarding cross-infection prevention protocols, including hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and sterilization of equipment. Evaluations were conducted before and after counseling through questionnaires filled out by the participants. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in understanding, awareness, and implementation of cross-infection prevention protocols. Before counseling, only 60% of participants had a good understanding of cross-infection, while after counseling, this figure increased to 90%. Improvements were also seen in awareness of hand hygiene, knowledge of PPE use, sterilization procedures, implementation of SOPs, and handling of high-risk patients. The conclusion of this study shows that counseling and strict implementation of protocols can significantly reduce the risk of cross-infection in tooth extraction procedures. Therefore, it is recommended that similar counseling be held routinely to ensure consistent and sustainable implementation of infection prevention in the Puskesmas environment.

SDI Umamapu currently uses a Telkom Internet Service Provider (ISP) internet connection with a bandwidth capacity of 50 Mbps, which is only used in the principal's office and laboratory and does not cover other SDI Umamapu educational areas and limits SDI Umamapu teachers and staff from carrying out related tasks. with the Internet network. Therefore, the aim of this research is to design an Internet network using Mikrotik to help teachers and staff work more efficiently and expand the coverage area of ​​the SDI Umamapu Internet network. Apart from that, the SDI Umamapu Online Computer-Based National Examination (UNBK) is facilitated by 30 computers/laptops connected to the Internet network and other clients. In conducting research, the author uses the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) methodology: analysis, design, simulation, implementation, management and monitoring to build an Internet network to solve research problems. Through this research the author can learn a little more about the concept of a hotspot network and its configuration which can provide the author with knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of Mikrotik RouterOS as a hotspot server. When measured from the results of QoS (Quality of Service) analysis before implementation, the throughput was 36.238 kbit/s (Kbps), packet loss was 1.3%, average delay was 0.389072 seconds, and throughput was 1.5% after implementation. 161.657 kbit/s (kilobits per second), average latency 0.5157133 seconds, packet loss 36%. This means that the speed of Internet access at SDI Umamapu has decreased by up to 36% due to the increase in the area of ​​the Internet network. However, even though network performance has decreased, the newly created Internet network continues to function well and smoothly.  

Anesthesia practice in Indonesia faces challenges related to the implementation of professional standards and ethics as well as legal issues that often arise. This study aims to examine the implementation of professional standards and ethics in anesthesia practice in Indonesia today and to identify legal issues that often occur and how to resolve them. This study uses a normative legal research method by analyzing primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that although there are guidelines and codes of ethics that regulate anesthesia practice, their implementation in the field still faces obstacles such as lack of understanding of health workers, excessive workload, lack of support from hospital management, and less than optimal supervision and sanctions. Legal issues that often arise include negligence in administering anesthesia, lack of informed consent, violations of the professional code of ethics, and problems in the doctor-patient relationship. Efforts that have been made to overcome these problems include improving education and training, improving standard operating procedures, strengthening supervision and sanction mechanisms, developing non-litigation dispute resolution channels, improving communication and doctor-patient relationships, and increasing support from hospital management. However, these efforts are still not fully optimal and require further evaluation and improvement. The importance of individual awareness of each anesthesiologist to comply with professional standards and ethics and strengthening ethics education are also key factors. Close collaboration between various related parties is needed to improve the quality of anesthesia practice in Indonesia while prioritizing patient safety and welfare.    

The current problem is that in an increasingly sophisticated era, student ethics are increasingly decreasing. One of the tasks of higher education is to create students with character and achievements. Thus, this research will examine the implementation of the student code of ethics and its implications in creating students with character and achievements. The aim of this research is to find out the process of implementing the code of ethics and its implications for students. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The conclusion of this research is that the implementation of the student code of ethics has gone well and has positive implications in creating students with character and achievements, namely 70.71%. From the results of implementing the code of ethics, students have their own character and achievements which are viewed from aspects of student character and aspects of student achievement. In implementing the code of ethics, there are supporting and inhibiting factors.    

Local wisdom-based character education has a strategic role in forming a generation with integrity, strong personality, and high moral awareness. This study aims to analyze the implementation of local wisdom-based character education in learning and identify effective strategies and obstacles faced in its implementation. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the integration of local wisdom values ​​in education can increase cultural awareness, strengthen national identity, and form positive characters in students. However, the implementation of local wisdom-based character education still faces challenges, such as lack of understanding of educators, minimal policy support, the influence of globalization, and limited resources. Therefore, synergy is needed between schools, families, communities, and the government so that local wisdom-based character education can run effectively and sustainably.    

Currently, almost everyone must be able to master technology, especially information technology. The progress of information technology is increasingly rapid, nowadays humans are expected to be able to use computers, laptops, gadgets in everyday life. The aim of this activity is to provide assistance and training in word processing applications (Microsoft Word) and presentation processing (Microsoft Power Point) to Nurul Ikhsan SLB children, because their existence in society is often underestimated. The methods used are introduction, implementation and evaluation. The introduction was carried out by conducting observations and interviews to obtain a general overview of Nurul Ikhsan Ngadiluwih SLB with its various activities. Implementation was carried out by providing training and mentoring to SLB students. After this training the students were very enthusiastic and enthusiastic because our presence was able to provide a different color, their computer training activities were only carried out with limited time in the life skills activity agenda, computer life skills were also very limited because their computer staff and infrastructure were also very limited. There were no obstacles experienced during this service, because they were very welcoming of our presence, and hoped that there would be training on other occasions.

This community service is an effort to increase a positive image about the dangers of gadgets for children and increase parents' attention to children about the dangers of gadgets. This effort will be packaged in the form of community service, in this case protecting children from the dangers of gadgets. The aim of this PKM is to reduce children's addiction to gadgets and change the behavior of those who have been poisoned by gadgets. The methods we use are approach methods and implementation methods. The implementation method includes what impacts are caused by inappropriate use of gadgets, as well as providing understanding to children, including early childhood, to prevent worse things that might occur as a result of excessive use of gadgets in the future. Outcomes It is hoped that this socialization activity will reduce the use of gadgets among children and young children, because they are aware of the negative impacts of gadget use

Renewable energy microgrids integrated with smart control systems are emerging as a sustainable solution for electrifying rural industrial zones, offering substantial improvements in energy efficiency and reductions in carbon emissions. This study explores the implementation of hybrid renewable energy systems, combining solar and wind energy, and the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors to optimize energy consumption in real-time. The findings highlight that the combination of solar and wind energy in microgrids leads to up to a 30% increase in energy efficiency, with a significant reduction in CO₂ emissions, reaching up to 50% compared to traditional grid systems. IoT sensors play a crucial role in load forecasting, optimization, and system stability, enabling real-time monitoring and proactive adjustments to energy distribution. Additionally, the implementation of these systems in rural industrial zones not only provides reliable, clean energy but also reduces reliance on fossil fuels, making them economically viable and environmentally sustainable. However, challenges such as high initial investment costs, integration complexities, and the need for skilled technicians remain. Despite these barriers, the long-term benefits of reduced energy costs, improved energy security, and lower carbon footprints make renewable energy microgrids a promising solution. The study suggests that these systems can be scaled to other rural regions facing similar challenges in energy access and carbon emissions, offering a path to sustainable development. Further research is recommended to explore alternative renewable energy combinations and advancements in IoT applications to improve system scalability and efficiency.

Fluorus albus (vaginal discharge) is white fluid that comes out of the sexual canal in excess. Fluorus albus is a vaginal fluid, not blood. During pregnancy, vaginal discharge increases in quantity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), recommendations in America that reproductive health problems include 31.6% of pregnant women experiencing vaginal discharge (fluor albus) caused by the fungus Candida albican. In Indonesia, the problem of vaginal discharge is increasing, with more than 75% of women experiencing vaginal discharge due to the humid temperature in Indonesia, making them easily infected. candida albicans fungus, parasites such as pinworms or germs (trichomonas vaginalis) (WHO, 2019). According to data from the 2019 North Sumatra Province Health Profile, there were 648,829 pregnant women in 2019, 1,566 cases of pregnant women experiencing vaginal discharge, in the city of Medan in 2019 there were 855,281 people and 45% had experienced vaginal discharge (North Sumatra Health Profile, 2020) . Method: This activity begins with the preparation, implementation and evaluation stages. Results: 15 participants in this activity were pregnant women who visited PMB Shinta in Medan Polonia, Medan City. In its implementation, it was explained that the genital organ problem that pregnant women often experience, especially in the third trimester, is fluoride albus (vaginal discharge). The types of vaginal discharge also need to be understood as well as the treatment and therapy that needs to be given to pregnant women in preventing and treating cases of Fluor Albus. Conclusion: The results obtained from this community service activity are an increase in knowledge about preventing vaginal discharge and the treatment that will be carried out if complications occur. Pregnant women who experience vaginal discharge will pose a risk to the health and growth and development of their fetus later. The risk of vaginal discharge before and after was an increase of 15% for the good level of knowledge, and 27% for the sufficient level, and at the level of poor knowledge it decreased by 40%. With this change in the level of knowledge and strengthening understanding of Fluor Albus, it is hoped that pregnant women will be more aware of the conditions of their pregnancy, especially in maintaining personal hygiene which will result in disruption of fetal growth and development. Conclusion: The results obtained from this community service activity are an increase in knowledge about preventing vaginal discharge and the treatment that will be carried out if complications occur. Pregnant women who experience vaginal discharge will pose a risk to the health and growth and development of their fetus later. The risk of vaginal discharge before and after was 15% increased for the good level of knowledge, and 27% for the sufficient level, and for the poor knowledge level it decreased by 40%.

This study aims to analyze the role of the Department of Youth, Sports and Tourism (Diskopar) Dumai City in tourism development and to identify supporting and inhibiting factors affecting its implementation. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants consisted of a tourism data and information officer at Diskopar Kota Dumai and a community tourism actor. The data were analyzed using an interactive model involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that Diskopar Kota Dumai plays an active role based on three role indicators: institutional position, social expectations, and implementation. The institution is involved not only in policy formulation but also in maintenance, monitoring, training workshops, event organization, and management of public tourism spaces. Supporting factors include regional tourism potential, digital promotion, regulatory documents, and regional budget support. Inhibiting factors include suboptimal maintenance of tourist sites, illegal levies in unmanaged areas, and uneven information access due to limited network coverage. Overall, the role of the Dumai City Diskopar is functioning but still requires strengthening in supervision, facility management, and equitable promotion.

This study examines the strengthening of regional disaster management governance through a risk-based policy framework, focusing on the role of local governments in disaster-prone areas. The object of the study is the disaster management system implemented by the Dumai City Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), which faces various potential natural and non-natural disasters. Although national and regional regulatory frameworks are in place, disaster management practices at the regional level still tend to be reactive, partial, and not fully based on comprehensive risk analysis. Therefore, this study aims to identify key issues in regional disaster management governance and analyze the role of risk-based policies in strengthening institutional effectiveness, cross-sectoral coordination, and disaster preparedness. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with BPBD officials, relevant stakeholders, and community representatives in disaster-prone areas, supported by field observations and documentation studies of policies, disaster risk assessment documents, and institutional reports. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis methods to identify patterns related to governance structures, policy implementation, and disaster risk management practices. The study results indicate that disaster management governance in Dumai City has shown progress in regulatory aspects and emergency response capacity, but there are still weaknesses in the integration of risk into development planning, inter-agency coordination, community participation, and mitigation and prevention efforts. This study concludes that the implementation of a risk-based policy framework can encourage more anticipatory, integrated, and sustainable disaster management governance, and provides important implications for the formulation of public policy at the regional level.

This study examines procyclicality and the Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model in IFRS 9, aiming to analyze the effectiveness of accounting policies in reducing financial instability. Using a qualitative literature review approach, this research reviews various studies related to the implementation of IFRS 9, particularly in the context of the recognition of expected credit losses. The ECL model is expected to reduce the impact of excessive economic cycles by accounting for credit losses from the outset, in contrast to the previous IAS 39 model. While there are challenges in the accuracy of loss estimates and varying implementation across countries, the findings suggest that IFRS 9 has the potential to enhance global financial system stability, provided it is applied carefully. The study also identifies several limitations that need to be considered for further research development.

This research is motivated by the low effectiveness of employee work. This is thought to be due to the lack of productivity in the implementation of main tasks and functions due to the lack of knowledge, insight and technology which of course relates to employee competence. The low effectiveness of employee work is also thought to be due to the slow implementation of work programs from the planning that has been set on the grounds that there are many jobs that are difficult to do. The purpose of this study is to determine how employee competence affects employee work effectiveness, how commitment affects employee work effectiveness, and how employee competence and commitment together affect employee work effectiveness. The method used in this study uses a quantitative descriptive method. To analyze it, statistical correlation and multiple regression test data analysis was used using SPSS version 22.00. The results of the study obtained provide the conclusion that employee competence has a positive and significant effect on employee work effectiveness, commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee work effectiveness, and employee competence and commitment have a positive and significant effect on employee work effectiveness.  

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of using the BackOffice System (BOS) application in budget management at the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Palu City. The research method used is qualitative, with data collection through interviews, observation and documentation studies. The BOS application has been used at Palu City BPS since the beginning of 2023 to manage the budget. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of using the BackOffice System application in budget management at the Palu City Central Statistics Agency. Data was collected through observation, documentation, and direct interviews with key informants such as Budget User Officials, Commitment Making Officials, General Subdivisions, Treasurers, and BOS Operators. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) concept is used to explain the acceptance and use of technology. The research results show that the implementation of the BackOffice System (BOS) application at the Palu City Central Statistics Agency is effective in improving budget management to be more efficient. The BOS application makes access easier, makes financial management more transparent, and makes it easier to create assignment letters and complete payments. Even though there are still several shortcomings, the BOS application is considered successful in achieving its goals and has helped in budget management. Research shows that the implementation of the BackOffice System application at BPS Palu City has brought benefits in budget management, increasing the effectiveness of financial management efficiency. Nevertheless. There are still several technical obstacles that need to be overcome. The BOS application makes access easier, makes financial management more transparent, and makes it easier to create assignment letters and complete payments. Even though there are still shortcomings, the BOS application is considered successful in achieving its goals.

Parameters for measuring public health conditions can be studied through the maternal mortality rate (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR) that occur in each period. Education is one of the efforts to improve the level of health, increasing knowledge about health will change a person's attitudes and behavior regarding health. Health. Apart from using the lecture method, providing this education also provides leaflets to support the education. This community service activity is carried out by providing education through lectures assisted by modified media about risky pregnancies, complications of pregnancy, as well as about strengthening the detection of complications with alacrity and rest. Method: This activity begins with the preparation, implementation and evaluation stages. Results: 15 participants in this activity were pregnant women who visited the Marsinta Clinic in Polonia District, Medan City. In its implementation, risky pregnancies, complications in pregnancy are explained as well as strengthening understanding about fast rest as an empowerment for pregnant women in improving their health. Conclusion: The results obtained from this community service activity were an increase in knowledge about risky pregnancies before and after, namely an increase of 15% for the good level of knowledge, and 27% for the sufficient level, and at the level of poor knowledge there was a decrease of 40%. With this change in the level of knowledge and the strengthening of understanding, it is hoped that pregnant women will be more aware of the condition of their pregnancy and carry out pregnancy checks more regularly.

The purpose of this research is to find out; the level of ability to learn English with the discussion method at SMAN 12 Pekanbaru, especially in class XI. The use of the discussion method in learning English affects the seriousness and activeness of students. This study uses a quantitative approach with the method of discussion. The subjects in this study were students of class XI.1 at SMAN 12 Pekanbaru in the academic year 2023/2024 consisting of 35 students consisting of 14 male students and 22 female students. The data collection technique was carried out by direct observation during the implementation of the class XI.B teaching process which took place in several meetings. And by conducting observations with English teachers about learning through the use of discussion methods and observations to students. This research consists of pre-stage, stage I and stage II. Each implementation passes through four stages, namely preparation, observation, and reflection. The use of small group discussions is carried out through controlled discussions. In its application, the researcher found that the small group discussion strategy was good for use in the learning process

The present study is purposed to refine the mastery of Islamic vocabulary of 40 students in the English Conversation Club at MAN Kota Blitar through the implementation of Quizizz paper mode. Utilizing a classroom action research design, the study followed structured procedures, encompassing planning, acting, observing, evaluating, and reflecting. The finding revealed a substantial improvement in students' Islamic vocabulary proficiency, with average scores increasing from 60.65 to 85.00 after one cycle of action. The positive outcome underscores the efficacy of Quizizz paper mode as a valuable tool in language learning. As a recommendation, English teachers are encouraged to incorporate interactive platforms like Quizizz paper mode to enrich vocabulary learning outcomes and foster an engaging and effective learning environment that caters to the diverse needs of students. This study contributes insights into the practical implementation of technology-enhanced language instruction, emphasizing its potential to facilitate English language skills or sub-skills.

This research discusses the implementation materials Of comic-based teaching. This research aims to develop teaching materials for fantasy story texts based on local wisdom in the form of digital comics to improve the learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school students. This research is research and development (R&D). In this research and development, researchers used the ADDIE method, Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. The results of the development research show that the digital comic teaching materials based on local wisdom for grade V elementary school students produced are said to be very feasible. This is proven by the media expert validation results showing a very good category (96%) from the average validator. The material expert validation results show a very good category (96%) from the average validator. Linguist validation results show a very good category (98%) from the average validator. The results of the student response product trials showed the very good category (87.5%) and the results of the teacher response product trials showed the very good category (94%). In the evaluation of the test results, students obtained an average result of 89.71 with a percentage score of 90% with very good criteria with details of 28 students completing. This comic is a good idea for language learning based on students' interests and talents to improve their learning. The research results are proof that digital comic teaching materials based on local wisdom are very feasible and can be used as learning materials that can improve student learning outcomes.