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Children who live in today's era have the characteristic that the behavior of dependence on the internet is very high, so it requires supervision from parents to monitor and control their children's time when playing gadgets. This behavior eventually causes the main problem of sleep quality related to parenting and children's sleep patterns. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting patterns in gadget use and sleep patterns with the quality of sleep of elementary school children at SDN 3 Baureno. This research design used a cross sectional approach, a population of 30 children at SDN 3 Baureno, which was taken by total sampling technique. Data were taken using a questionnaire which was analyzed using the Spierman Rho Test with a significance level of p = 0.05. The results showed that almost most (76.7%) parents gave permissive parenting, most children (60%) experienced disturbed sleep patterns, and most children (53.3%) had poor sleep quality. While the statistical test obtained the value of r =0.369 p=0.023 (p<0.05) which means there is a relationship between parenting patterns in the use of Gadgets with the quality of sleep of elementary school children and obtained the value of r =0.462 p=0.013 (p<0.05) which means there is a relationship between sleep patterns with the quality of sleep of elementary school children. Parents should pay more attention to how to properly use Gadgets in children with the right duration so that sleep patterns are more regular and uninterrupted and good sleep quality.

The application of discipline as a character education training strategy in early childhood plays a crucial role in shaping children's personality, behavior, and social skills. This study aims to analyze theoretically and practically how discipline can be applied as a character formation strategy in early childhood, considering the role of the family and school environment. The research method uses a qualitative approach through a literature review of 15 Sinta-accredited journal articles in 2020–2024. The results of the study show that positive discipline based on examples, praise, and behavioral habits is more effective than the punishment approach. Families and schools play a role as the main environment in instilling discipline values, although there are still gaps in the application of practices and adaptations in various socio-cultural contexts. This study recommends collaboration between parents and teachers, the development of creative strategies in schools, and the need for further, more in-depth research to optimize the application of discipline as a foundation for character formation in early childhood

This research aims to examine the impact of dance movement art learning on the development of creativity, motor skills, and social-emotional wellbeing in preschool children (ages 4-6). The study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a subject group of 28 children from TK Harapan Bunda, Jakarta. Data was collected through participatory observation, interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation of the learning process over 6 months. The findings indicate that the implementation of dance movement art learning with a thematic approach and free movement exploration can: (1) enhance children's expressive ability and creativity in creating movement variations, (2) significantly develop both gross and fine motor skills, (3) improve teamwork skills and social spatial awareness, and (4) help children express emotions constructively. This research recommends the importance of integrating dance movement art into the early childhood education curriculum with an approach that emphasizes freedom of expression and creative exploration.

This study examines the legal uncertainty regarding the status of adopted children as heirs within Indonesia’s pluralistic national inheritance legal system. The Civil Inheritance Law (KUH Perdata), Islamic Inheritance Law (KHI), and Customary Inheritance Law each regulate adopted children differently and incompletely, thereby creating a legal vacuum. that harms adopted children socially and emotionally. This study aims to analyze the weaknesses of these three legal systems and formulate a reconstruction of the status of adopted children based on substantive justice. Using a normative approach and the theories of legal reconstruction, substantive justice, and legal certainty, this study finds that reconstruction can be achieved through strengthening the mandatory will (wasiat wajibah), revising Article 209 of the KHI, and codifying and unifying national inheritance law through an Omnibus Law model. The parameters of justice used include the best interests of the child, public welfare, and non-discrimination. In conclusion, the reconstruction of the status of adopted children as heirs is urgently needed to fill the gaps in national inheritance law in a just manner.

Early childhood represents a critical stage of rapid growth and development, during which children require appropriate stimulation to optimize both their physical health and overall well-being. One effective approach to meet these developmental needs is through engaging and enjoyable physical activities. Creative gymnastics, which combines rhythmic movements with music, offers a practical and appealing method to strengthen children’s immune systems while simultaneously fostering the development of gross motor skills. This community service program was implemented at Early Childhood Education (ECE) Citra Kasih School, Ambon, and involved children aged 4–6 years. The method of implementation emphasized direct practice, where children actively participated in a series of simple, structured, and playful movements accompanied by cheerful music, making the activity easy to follow and enjoyable. Observations during the program indicated that children showed a higher level of enthusiasm, increased activeness, and notable improvements in stamina, balance, and movement coordination. In addition, teachers expressed positive responses, highlighting the added value of integrating structured physical activities into the learning environment. The program not only benefited the children physically but also provided educators with new insights on effective strategies to support children’s health. Therefore, creative gymnastics can be recommended as a routine school activity to strengthen immunity, improve physical endurance, and promote healthy lifestyles in early childhood.

Bullying is one of the problems that is rampant in the teenage environment, but it is also possible for it to occur among children. This action can have a long-term negative impact on the mental and emotional development of the victim. Therefore, prevention efforts are needed early on, one of which is through education for the younger generation. Educational films are present as one of the effective media in conveying moral and social messages in an interesting and easy-to-understand way. This study aims to determine whether educational films can make the younger generation aware of the negative impacts of bullying, with SMAN 16 Palembang as the research location. The method used is descriptive qualitative to describe real facts through observation and interviews. The results of the study showed that educational films were able to increase students' awareness of the dangers of bullying and encourage them to be more empathetic and dare to reject bullying in the school environment.

The socialization of environmental ethics and environmental health awareness in children is a strategic step in forming a generation that cares, is responsible, and oriented towards the sustainability of natural resources. Children, as a growing age group, have great potential to internalize environmental values and apply them consistently into adulthood. This socialization activity was carried out in the elementary school environment with an interactive lecture and group discussion approach, designed to encourage active participation and deep understanding. The main goal of the activity is to increase children's environmental literacy, including understanding the importance of maintaining cleanliness, managing waste, avoiding pollution, and maintaining the health of the surrounding environment. The results of the evaluation showed a significant increase in students' knowledge about environmental and health issues, as well as a positive attitude towards environmentally friendly practices. Students show high enthusiasm during the activity, which is reflected in active involvement in discussions and commitment to implementing behaviors that support environmental sustainability. This socialization has proven to be effective in fostering environmental awareness and ethics from an early age, which is an important foundation for sustainable development. By equipping children with environmental knowledge and values, it is hoped that they can become agents of change in their respective communities. This kind of activity needs to be carried out continuously and integrated into the basic education curriculum, so that the impact can be wider and more sustainable. School-based socialization is a relevant and strategic approach in shaping a culture of environmental care in the future.

The socialization of environmental ethics and environmental health awareness in children is a strategic step in forming a generation that cares, is responsible, and oriented towards the sustainability of natural resources. Children, as a growing age group, have great potential to internalize environmental values and apply them consistently into adulthood. This socialization activity was carried out in the elementary school environment with an interactive lecture and group discussion approach, designed to encourage active participation and deep understanding. The main goal of the activity is to increase children's environmental literacy, including understanding the importance of maintaining cleanliness, managing waste, avoiding pollution, and maintaining the health of the surrounding environment. The results of the evaluation showed a significant increase in students' knowledge about environmental and health issues, as well as a positive attitude towards environmentally friendly practices. Students show high enthusiasm during the activity, which is reflected in active involvement in discussions and commitment to implementing behaviors that support environmental sustainability. This socialization has proven to be effective in fostering environmental awareness and ethics from an early age, which is an important foundation for sustainable development. By equipping children with environmental knowledge and values, it is hoped that they can become agents of change in their respective communities. This kind of activity needs to be carried out continuously and integrated into the basic education curriculum, so that the impact can be wider and more sustainable. School-based socialization is a relevant and strategic approach in shaping a culture of environmental care in the future.

This research aims to explore the role of traditional dance activities in developing gross motor skills of early childhood students at TK Nurul Ilmi. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that traditional dance serves not only as a medium to improve motor coordination, balance, and agility but also fosters positive behavioral traits such as confidence, cooperation, and enthusiasm. Teachers reported that children were more motivated and engaged when physical activities were integrated with music and rhythmic movements. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating culturally relevant activities in early childhood education to support holistic development. The research provides valuable insights for educators to develop creative learning strategies and for future studies to investigate broader cultural applications in early childhood development.

This paper investigates various forms of church training for children, highlighting the central role of the family as the primary foundation. Based on a theological interpretation of Job 5:18 and an understanding of the family as a "mini church," this article explores how the family functions as the primary agent in instilling Christian values ​​through education, character education, faith and moral cultivation, and parental role models. In addition, this paper identifies the unique characteristics of children in terms of nature, needs, physical, mental, moral, psycho-social, and faith development that need to be considered in designing effective training strategies. Furthermore, this article outlines the main materials of child training and various implementation strategies that can be applied by churches and families, including increasing Sunday school services, age grouping, dexterity training, utilization of literature, emphasizing God's love and calling, and teaching principles from Proverbs 22:6. This study emphasizes the importance of a deep understanding of children and the development of empathy in the effort to foster the next generation of church members who are faithful and have Christian character.

Immunization is the basis for effective disease prevention in children under the age of five to protect a person from dangerous diseases before coming into contact with disease-causing agents, Efforts to actively increase a person's immunity to a disease so that if one day they will get sick or only experience mild illness. The purpose of this study was to determine the Relationship between Completeness of Basic Immunization and Children Aged 1-5 Years in Sukomulyo Village. This study uses the Correlational Analytical method using the Cross-sectional approach where data collection is only carried out at one time or once. The sample is some children aged 1-5 years, totaling 137 using the Random Sampling Technique. The instrument used is the KIA book record. The results of this study indicate that the status of completeness of basic immunization in Sukomulyo village is mostly complete (33.8%), and the health status of children in Sukomulyo village is mostly sick (50.4%). based on the results of the chi-square statistical test, a p-value of 0.000 was obtained, which means that there is a Relationship between Completeness of Basic Immunization and the Health of Children Aged 1-5 Years in Sukomulyo Village. Advice for people who have children to carry out complete basic immunization so that they know the importance of children's health and the knowledge of mothers in immunizing their children.

The implemetation of this service activity aims to facilitate and assist Marind Papuan children and Marind dropout children to learn the use of English in a fun, interactive and appropriate way for children, train Marind-Papuan children and dropouts to be able to write, read as well as develop their abilities to develop and advance so that they can speak English by using the Bivak Pintar (Pondok) facility which will be used for this activity. This service was carried out at theWasur Kampung, Merauke Distrik. The duration is 7a week through the application of theory and practice with a total number of participants of 35 people. This service is carried out in the form of workshops, training and mentoring., while the methods used in this activity are: (1) provide a handbook that is used during activities that contain material to be studied; (2) providing material, namely providing basic material according to their abilities so that it can help children grow their English learning skills until they understand; (3) provide exercises by explaining and explaining the material after that make questions about the vocabulary that has been explained. The expected results of this dedication are: (1) increased knowledge and understanding of indigenous Papuan children who have dropped out of school about the importance of learning English, and how it can be used in the world of work; (2) improved English writing and reading skills for indigenous Papuan children dropping out of school;

The implemetation of this service activity aims to facilitate and assist Marind Papuan children and Marind dropout children to learn the use of English in a fun, interactive and appropriate way for children, train Marind-Papuan children and dropouts to be able to write, read as well as develop their abilities to develop and advance so that they can speak English by using the Bivak Pintar (Pondok) facility which will be used for this activity. This service was carried out at theWasur Kampung, Merauke Distrik. The duration is 7a week through the application of theory and practice with a total number of participants of 35 people. This service is carried out in the form of workshops, training and mentoring., while the methods used in this activity are: (1) provide a handbook that is used during activities that contain material to be studied; (2) providing material, namely providing basic material according to their abilities so that it can help children grow their English learning skills until they understand; (3) provide exercises by explaining and explaining the material after that make questions about the vocabulary that has been explained. The expected results of this dedication are: (1) increased knowledge and understanding of indigenous Papuan children who have dropped out of school about the importance of learning English, and how it can be used in the world of work; (2) improved English writing and reading skills for indigenous Papuan children dropping out of school;

Tongkol fish is one of the abundant sources of animal protein and is easily found in coastal areas, including Pantai Amal Village. However, the utilization of tongkol fish by the community is still limited to traditional processing that is less varied. On the other hand, fellow students often face challenges in meeting daily nutritional needs due to economic limitations and instant consumption patterns that are low in nutrition. This study aims to develop innovations in processing tongkol fish into spicy shredded fish as an economical, nutritious, and practical food solution. The research methods include the production process, taste testing, and analysis of production and consumption costs. The results show that spicy shredded fish has a high protein content, a taste that consumers like, and a fairly long shelf life so that it is suitable as a daily food stock. In addition, this product is proven to be more economical than consuming fast food, so it is effective in helping students from out of town manage their expenses while meeting their nutritional needs. This innovation also has the potential to increase the added value of tongkol fish and support local food security in coastal areas.

Abstract Beam Stacking is an educational game tool that facilitates playing while learning. So this game makes it easier for children in the learning process. Analysis of biomechanical ergonomics and work psychology on building block educational game tools includes selecting the size and shape of blocks that are suitable for children, not dangerous for children, and playing methods that are able to improve children's fine motor skills, with narrative qualitative research, based on the results of observations of educational game tools. Beam Stacking; played by BKB PAUD An-Nur children. The body movements produced in playing with building blocks are dynamic movements, in the playing environment sitting on the floor with a mat and statistical movements, in the playing environment sitting in a chair with the game tools on the table. Where the moving fingers, wrists, hands, head and back can train the movement skills of both hands, hand-eye coordination, and improve children's physical and mental performance in learning activities at BKB PAUD An-Nur. Supervision and in-depth direction from the teacher when children play is the prevention of injuries when playing with Beam Stacking. Keywords: Beam Stacking, Biomechanics, Ergonomics, Work Psychology Abstrak Balok Susun adalah salah satu alat permainan edukatif yang memfasilitasi bermain sambil belajar.. Sehingga permainan ini memberi kemudahan kepada anak dalam proses pembelajaran. Analisis ergonomi biomekanik dan psikologi kerja pada alat permainan edukatif balok susun meliputi pemilihan ukuran dan bentuk balok yang sesuai untuk anak, tidak berbahaya bagi anak, dan metode bermain yang mampu meningkatkan kemampuan motrik halus anak, dengan penelitian kualitatif naratif, didasari hasil observasi alat permainan edukatif balok susun yang dimainkan oleh anak-anak BKB PAUD An- Nur. Gerak tubuh yang dihasilkan dalam bermain balok susun adalah gerak dinamis, pada lingkungan bermain duduk dilantai dengan alas tikar dan gerak statis, pada lingkungan bermain duduk dikursi dengan alat permainan diatas meja. Dimana jari-jari tangan, pergelangan tangan, tangan, kepala, dan punggung, yang bergerak dapat melatih keterampilan gerak kedua tangan, koordinasi indera mata dengan tangan, dan meningkatkan kinerja fisik dan mental anak dalam aktivitas pembelajaran di BKB PAUD An-Nur. Pengawasan serta pengarahan yang mendalam dari guru saat anak bermain, merupakan pencegahan cidera permainan balok susun. Kata Kunci : Balok Susun, Biomekanik, Ergonomi, Psikologi Kerja

Early childhood health is an important aspect that must be maintained consistently, especially in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. One simple but effective way to maintain health is through the habit of washing hands with soap (CTPS) properly. This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to provide education and familiarize children with the correct CTPS behavior at Darma Wanita Persatuan Sidodadi Kindergarten, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency. The methods used in this activity include interactive counseling, explanation of how to wash hands properly based on WHO steps, and direct practice involving children and teachers. The results of the activity showed an increase in children's understanding of the importance of washing hands and skills in doing CTPS properly. It is hoped that this habit can be continued by the school and parents as part of preventive efforts in maintaining children's health.

This community engagement program aims to enhance the knowledge and understanding of early childhood regarding prayer practices through a series of interactive and practice-based training sessions. Targeting children aged 5–7 years in Jaddih Selatan Village, Bangkalan, the program utilized a participatory approach involving local religious leaders, parents, and university students as facilitators. The training was conducted at the village mosque, employing visual aids, demonstrations, and repeated simulations to foster both cognitive and psychomotor aspects of prayer. The results indicate a significant improvement in children's ability to perform prayer movements and recitations correctly, as well as increased enthusiasm and participation in religious activities. Moreover, the program strengthened the mosque's role as a child-friendly religious learning center and encouraged the emergence of leadership potential among the participants. This initiative is expected to serve as a sustainable model for character education and spiritual development in rural communities, and can be replicated in similar settings to empower early childhood religious education.

This report aims to identify and address the problem of stunting in prospective brides and grooms in the Piyeung Health Center area, Aceh Besar. Stunting is a serious health problem that can affect the growth and development of children. Through the counseling activities carried out, the author seeks to increase the knowledge and awareness of prospective brides and grooms regarding the importance of good nutrition before and during pregnancy to prevent stunting. The methodology used in this report is Quasy Experiment. The results of this activity indicate an increase in understanding of nutrition and reproductive health among prospective brides and grooms. The conclusion of this report emphasizes the importance of appropriate and sustainable nutritional interventions to prevent stunting, as well as the need for support from various parties to improve the quality of public health. It is hoped that this report can be a reference for related parties in efforts to prevent stunting in the future.

This research explores the correlation between parenting styles and the level of independence among children with special needs attending Special Needs Schools (SLB). Parenting plays a pivotal role in shaping children’s behavioral development and functional abilities, particularly for those requiring more tailored and supportive approaches. Employing a quantitative method with a causal-comparative design, data were obtained through a structured questionnaire distributed to parents of children aged 7–12 with special needs. The results indicate a significant positive correlation between the authoritative (democratic) parenting style and children’s independence. In contrast, authoritarian and permissive styles showed limited influence. These findings underscore the importance of a balanced parenting model that blends guidance with autonomy, as it fosters greater independence in children's daily functioning. The study is expected to contribute to the formulation of family support initiatives and inclusive education policies that strengthen the role of parents as key educators.

The exploitation of children by parents through forced begging is a serious violation of children's rights protected by national law. This study aims to analyze legal protection for children based on Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection and the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP). The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory approach. The analysis shows that the state firmly prohibits the exploitation of children and imposes criminal sanctions on parents who force their children to beg. This protection includes both preventive and repressive measures. The Penal Code also strengthens child protection through provisions regarding criminal acts against minors. However, the implementation faces obstacles such as economic conditions, cultural factors, and lack of supervision. Strengthening legal enforcement and raising public awareness are necessary to ensure that child protection is effectively carried out. This study concludes that although legal instruments are available, concrete steps are still needed to eliminate child exploitation practices within the family environment.