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This study aims to evaluate the quality of Trans Semanggi Suroboyo public transportation services with the support of the GoBis application system as a form of digital-based public service innovation in the city of Surabaya. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with the SERVQUAL (tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy) theoretical approach. The data used includes secondary data from the Surabaya Transportation Office, with the number of GoBis users reaching 327,018 people, GoBis balance users 42,833 people, and saving ticket users 2,095 people. The results of the study show that the tangible and reliability dimensions are relatively good, shown through modern fleet conditions and fairly consistent departure schedules. However, in the dimensions of responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, there are still obstacles related to the speed of response of digital systems, transaction security, and limitations of users' digital literacy. The utilization of GoBis' digital transaction feature is still low compared to the total number of application users. This study concludes that the success of Trans Semanggi Suroboyo is highly dependent on the integration between the quality of physical services and the effectiveness of the digital system. It is necessary to strengthen technological infrastructure, improve data security, and digital education for the public so that the quality of smart transportation in the city of Surabaya can run optimally and sustainably according to the principles of smart mobility.

This study investigates the phenomenon of quasi-social movements that emerged during the August 25, 2025 protests in Indonesia. Quasi-social movements are defined as forms of public mobilization that appear to arise spontaneously, lack formal organizational structures, and are often leveraged for particular political agendas. Using a qualitative method supported by literature review, this research examines social movement theories, the functions of social media, and the socio-political dynamics that shaped the protests. The findings indicate that the protests were not purely the result of spontaneous civic engagement, but were instead driven by top-down mobilization orchestrated by elite actors through digital narratives, disinformation, and the broader influence of communication technology. This phenomenon signals a shift in the relationship between citizens and the state, including evolving patterns of political participation that do not always follow organized forms. The protests further illustrate how mass mobilization in the digital era can be generated through narrative construction and manipulation of public perception. In conclusion, quasi-social movements represent a new pattern of technology-mediated political expression, highlighting the need for more critical perspectives on modern forms of social mobilization.

This study discusses the dynamics of interpersonal communication between mothers and children in dealing with family conflicts. Conflict is a natural part of interpersonal relationships, but the way it is managed determines the quality of long-term relationships. Interpersonal communication is an important element because through the process of exchanging messages, mothers and children can express their feelings, understand each other's perspectives, and find an agreement that can be accepted by both parties. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method to examine communication patterns, barriers, and strategies used in the conflict resolution process. The results of the study showed that open communication, empathy, emotional presence, and active listening skills greatly influenced the success of conflict management. In addition, research has found that the alignment of verbal and nonverbal messages, the use of non-judgmental language, and mutual respect can create an atmosphere conducive to dialogue. This study makes a theoretical contribution to understanding modern family relations and practical implications for strengthening communication in dealing with mother-child conflicts.

This study aims to identify and analyze forms of social pathology in Haruki Murakami’s The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle. Employing a qualitative content analysis approach, the research examines how historical violence and trauma, abuse of power, and existential alienation are represented through the novel’s narrative structure, characters, and symbolic elements. The findings indicate that these three categories are interconnected, forming a systemic pattern of social dysfunction rooted in institutional failure, historical memory, and individual psychological pressure. The depiction of war highlights collective trauma, while both physical and symbolic forms of domination illustrate distorted power relations. Furthermore, the motif of alienation reflects the psychological consequences of social instability and disrupted interpersonal bonds. The study aligns with previous research on trauma and deviance in Murakami’s works and strengthens the view of literature as a critical medium for reflecting modern social conditions.

This study stems from a classic question in the study of political hadith regarding leadership, specifically the hadith "The Imams are from Quraysh," which is often understood textually as requiring leaders to be from the Quraysh tribe. This kind of understanding often stops at the normative and historical level, without considering the socio-political context of modern society, which is fundamentally different from the early Islamic era. As a result, a gap emerged between the moral message of the hadith and the reality of the leadership system in democratic countries like Indonesia. This research aims to reanalyse the meaning of hadiths about Quraysh and non-Quraysh leadership, and to trace their relevance to the concept of state leadership in the Indonesian constitutional system, placing Islamic political theory and modern leadership theory on an equal footing (theory = theory). This research employs a qualitative approach based on library research, with the primary sources being political hadiths and classical references such as al-Ahkam al-Sulthaniyyah by al-Mawardi, supplemented by contemporary literature on the modern Indonesian government system. The analysis was conducted using comparative methods and content analysis to explore the commonalities and differences between the concept of Imamah in Islam and leadership in modern democratic systems. The research findings indicate that the hadith about Quraysh leadership cannot be understood rigidly as a limitation of lineage, but rather as an ethical guideline emphasising the principles of justice, trust, responsibility, and public interest. The ethical values in the hadith align with the basic principles of the presidential system in Indonesia, such as public accountability, limitation of power, and popular sovereignty, as regulated in the 1945 Constitution. Despite challenges such as corruption, the politicisation of religion, and weak leadership morality, the values of the hadith remain relevant if translated into public norms and modern governance practices. This research confirms that leadership in Islam and Indonesian democracy can complement each other, with Islam providing a moral and spiritual foundation, while democracy offers the legal and political structure to realise it.

Modern conflict has evolved into the cyber domain as part of hybrid warfare, demanding a reinterpretation of the Sishankamrata (Total People's Defense and Security System) doctrine to encompass the digital realm. This study aims to analyze the integration of cyber defense into the Sishankamrata framework using a literature review and comparative analysis with the cyber defense strategies of the United States, Estonia, and Singapore. The results indicate that the implementation of Sishankamrata in the cyber domain faces challenges regarding inter-institutional synergy and unclear operational roles for the Reserve and Support Components. Based on the comparative analysis, Estonia's Cyber Defence Unit model and Singapore's Digital Defence pillar are identified as the most effective blueprints for Indonesia to mobilize civilian experts and enhance social resilience. This study recommends that the government formalize "Digital Defense" as an integral pillar of Sishankamrata, establish a Cyber Reserve Component consisting of expert civilian volunteers, and strengthen legal frameworks and public digital literacy as a form of state defense

Islamic education plays a strategic role in promoting social transformation amid the dynamics of societal change. Islamic education functions not only as a medium for the transmission of knowledge and religious values, but also as an instrument for character building, social awareness, and the strengthening of moral and spiritual values. This article aims to examine the concept of Islamic education and its relevance to the process of social transformation, as well as to analyze the roles and challenges of Islamic education in responding to modern social changes. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach through library research by analyzing relevant literature sources, including books, scholarly journals, and supporting documents. The findings indicate that Islamic education contributes significantly to the development of a moral, just, and socially responsible society. Islamic education serves as an agent of social change through the internalization of ethical values, intellectual development, and balanced spiritual guidance. However, Islamic education also faces various challenges such as globalization, modernization, and cultural change. Therefore, strengthening adaptive and contextual strategies in Islamic education is essential to ensure its continued relevance in fostering positive social transformation.

The development of molecular biology has significantly transformed clinical laboratory diagnostics, particularly through DNA analysis. One of the most widely used techniques is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), a DNA amplification method capable of rapidly, sensitively, and accurately multiplying specific genetic fragments. PCR has become an essential diagnostic tool for detecting infectious, genetic, and malignant diseases, even at early stages when the amount of target DNA is minimal. This article aims to analyze the role of PCR in DNA analysis as a diagnostic tool in clinical laboratories, including its working principles, advantages, and relevance in modern clinical practice. This study employs a literature review approach by examining various scientific sources such as international journals and molecular biology textbooks. The findings indicate that PCR offers high sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional methods, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and accelerating appropriate therapeutic decisions. Therefore, PCR represents a crucial innovation in clinical laboratory diagnostics that significantly contributes to improving healthcare quality.

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of vannamei shrimp farming in Kramat District, Tegal Regency. The research was conducted on several shrimp ponds using semi-intensive and intensive systems. The analysis includes calculations of investment costs, fixed and variable costs, revenues, income, and business feasibility indicators such as R/C Ratio, Payback Period, Break Even Point (BEP), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results show that vannamei shrimp farming is feasible, as indicated by an average R/C Ratio of 1.68 and a Payback Period of 1.90. All ponds yielded positive NPV values, with an average of IDR 546,070,598 and an IRR of 58%, which exceeds the 5.5% discount rate. Both price and production BEP values have been surpassed in all farming units. The intensive pond system proved to be more profitable than the semi-intensive system. Therefore, vannamei shrimp farming in Kramat District, particularly in Dampyak Village, has strong financial prospects and is feasible for development through intensive approaches and the application of modern technology.

This article examines the legal ambiguities surrounding the status of civilians actively engaged in hostilities (civilian combatants) within the framework of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL). While the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1998 Rome Statute establish a clear demarcation through the distinction principle, the phenomenon of direct participation in hostilities (DPH) poses a significant legal challenge, as civilians forfeit their protected status upon taking part in combat. Using a normative-legal approach, this study analyzes how acts of violence committed by armed civilians can be categorized as war crimes, crimes against humanity, or gross human rights violations. The findings demonstrate that civilian status does not grant impunity for individuals who commit atrocities. Under the principle of individual criminal responsibility, the International Criminal Court (ICC) and national tribunals possess the jurisdiction to prosecute offenders, regardless of their formal military standing. Such legal enforcement is paramount to upholding the integrity of humanitarian principles and ensuring justice for victims within the landscape of modern armed conflict.

Rapid developments related to technology are spreading rapidly in human life. The rapid development of this technology definitely brings positive and negative currents in its application. The higher the development, the greater the opportunity for negative impacts for irresponsible people. The utilization of technological developments in the financial sector is considered to greatly facilitate a person in carrying out economic activities. Armed with just one application, someone can make banking transfers, investments and their utilization in other economic activities. However, along with the ease and effectiveness of digital finance, there are also digital crimes that can harm many people in the banking world such as physing, malware, ransomware and so on. This type of research is a normative juridical research that focuses on laws and regulations to provide legal reformulation related to digital financial security finance to strengthen the defense of financial system protection in the digital sector which is very much needed in this increasingly sophisticated modern era.

Anxiety is one of the most prevalent psychological problems globally, yet approaches integrating spiritual dimensions remain underexplored. This study analyzes the concept of "peace that surpasses all understanding" in Philippians 4:6-7 as a psychological construct for addressing anxiety. Using hermeneutical exegesis method, this research examines the textual meaning and psychological dimensions of this concept within modern psychological theory frameworks. The findings reveal that divine peace differs from conventional psychological approaches through three key aspects: it represents an active positive psychological condition rather than mere absence of anxiety, operates through relational mechanisms with God that transcend rational cognitive processes, and integrates prayer, supplication, and thanksgiving as holistic spiritual-psychological coping strategies. The concept of "guarding heart and mind" demonstrates a dual protective mechanism maintaining both affective and cognitive stability simultaneously. This study contributes to developing more holistic psychological theory integrating spiritual dimensions and more effective counseling practices for anxiety management in Christian contexts.

Penelitian ini mengkaji transformasi jaringan perkotaan Kotabaru Yogyakarta melalui pendekatan tipomorfologis, dengan fokus pada ketahanan dan kemampuan beradaptasi elemen ruang di tengah perubahan perkotaan yang cepat. Awalnya dirancang berdasarkan konsep Garden City, Kotabaru telah mengalami transformasi signifikan, termasuk konversi zona perumahan menjadi penggunaan komersial, pengurangan ruang terbuka hijau, dan meningkatnya ketidakkonsistenan arsitektural. Menggunakan analisis spasial diachronis dari tahun 1925 hingga 2025, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pergeseran morfologis kunci dan mengkategorikan elemen perkotaan menjadi tipe persisten, pendorong, dan patologis. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun beberapa struktur permanen, seperti jaringan jalan radial dan bangunan kolonial, tetap ada, mereka tidak cukup untuk mempertahankan idealisme Garden City di hadapan komersialisasi, tekanan populasi, dan tuntutan infrastruktur. Degradasi ruang hijau—dari 45,3% pada tahun 1925 menjadi 24,61% pada tahun 2025—lebih lanjut menyoroti hilangnya keseimbangan ekologi dan spasial. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketahanan jaringan perkotaan memerlukan lebih dari sekadar keabadian fisik; ia membutuhkan penegakan kebijakan yang konsisten, perlindungan ekologi, dan intervensi desain yang sensitif terhadap konteks. Temuan ini berkontribusi pada strategi revitalisasi berkelanjutan distrik perkotaan warisan di bawah tekanan modernisasi.

The SMK N 3 Kendal Library is a vital resource supporting teaching and learning activities at the school. However, the manual process of registering and identifying library members often presents various challenges, such as data entry errors, service delays, and difficulties in membership verification. Based on these challenges, a QR Code-based member and library book registration system was designed and developed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of membership data management. This system was built using the Waterfall system development method, with stages including needs analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. QR Code technology serves as a unique identifier for each member, stored in the database and can be scanned using a digital device to expedite the identification process. System testing results indicate that implementing QR Codes in the member registration system can accelerate the library's book borrowing process at the school, including registration, data retrieval, and member verification, by up to 80% compared to manual methods. Therefore, this system can help the library improve service effectiveness, minimize data input errors, and support more modern and integrated library administration.

Tafsir tarbawi is an approach to interpreting the Qur’an that emphasizes the extraction of educational values to shape holistic human character. This study aims to analyze the implementation of tafsir tarbawi in the process of Islamic education and examine its relevance in shaping students’ character in the modern era. The research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, where data are collected through the analysis of various academic sources such as books, scholarly journal articles, and relevant previous studies. The findings indicate that tafsir tarbawi can be effectively implemented through the integration of Qur’anic values into educational curricula, the application of value-based learning methods, and the reinforcement of teachers’ exemplary behavior as role models. Furthermore, this approach encourages the internalization of spiritual, moral, and social values within students. Therefore, tafsir tarbawi plays a strategic role in developing learners who are not only intellectually competent but also possess strong character, noble morals, and the ability to face life’s challenges wisely.

This Research and Development (R&D) study aimed to develop a project-based learning (PjBL) hyper-content e-module to support students’ Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) in higher education. Utilizing the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), the research addressed the need for innovative digital resources in the Learning Resource Center Management Course at Educational Technology Study Program Lambung Mangkurat University. Unlike previous studies that focused on isolated variables, this research integrates development, PjBL implementation, and SRL impact analysis. The hyper-content e-module incorporates multimodal features, including audio, video, infographics, and QR codes, to facilitate independent exploration. Validation by experts yielded high feasibility scores: 89% from material experts, 87% from media experts, and 88% from instructional design experts. Through qualitative content analysis conducted during the analysis and evaluation phase, the results confirmed that the PjBL-integrated e-module effectively improved students' learning independence by providing structured, project-oriented digital pathways. The results confirm that the e-module is a feasible and effective tool for modernizing instructional delivery. This study contributes an innovative framework for digital resource management and provides a foundation for future applied research in enhancing educational quality through self-regulated, technology-enhanced learning environments.

Perubahan pola hidup masyarakat modern yang diiringi tingginya beban kerja dan mobilitas, telah meningkatkan risiko stres serta kelelahan fisik dan mental, terutama di kawasan perkotaan yang padat seperti Surabaya. Hal ini mendasari kebutuhan akan fasilitas yang tidak hanya berfokus pada perawatan fisik, namun juga mendukung pemulihan secara menyeluruh. Perancangan Wellness and Beauty Center dengan menerapkan Biophilic Architecture dapat menghadirkan ruang penyembuhan yang terintegrasi dengan alam. Proses perancangan meliputi tahapan identifikasi, studi banding, analisis, dan sintesis, guna menghadilkan konsep makro Healing Trough Nature sebagai strategi utama. Konsep ini dikembangkan menajdi konsep mikro yang mencakup desain ruang interaksi dengan alam, bentuk bangunan organik, dan tatanan lahan yang menyatu dengan lansekap di sekitarnya. Rancangan yang dihasilkan meliputi fasilitas spa, perawatan kecantikan, yoga, meditasi, pusat kebugaran, dan area relaksasi yang terhubung secara efektif. Bangunan dirancang adaptif terhadap karakter tapak dengan komposisi massa lengkung yang selaras terhadap orientasi visual dan fungsi ruang, sehingga mampu emnciptakan harmoni serta atmosfer yang dapat menennagkan bagi pengunjung.

Contemporary Islamic education faces a crisis of value transformation, where cognitive literacy achievements do not correspond proportionally to the quality of moral conduct (adab) and spiritual internalization. This study aims to examine this failure through a critical review of Prophetic Hadith on the phenomenon of literacy without faith. Employing a qualitative descriptive method based on library research, it analyzes relevant Hadith literature, books, and journals. The findings reveal that modern educational practices tend to reverse the learning sequence by prioritizing textual mastery before instilling the foundations of faith. This indicates that curricular formalism may impede the inner transformation of learners. The novelty of this research lies in its methodological critique of educational orientations that place text above faith. The study concludes that restoring the Prophetic method, guided by the principle of "learning faith before the Qur'an," is essential so that faith serves as the existential foundation for building robust, civilized, and functional religious character in real-life contexts.

This research aims to design and build a client service website and pre-registration of cases at the KOFIPINDO Law Office as a solution to administrative problems that are still carried out manually. The system is developed using the waterfall method through the stages of needs analysis, system design, coding, testing, and maintenance. The website that was built provides features for account registration, filling in case data, uploading supporting documents, and verification by the admin so that the file is ready to be submitted to the e-Court system. In addition, the system is equipped with a case status monitoring dashboard, automatic notifications to clients, and submission history that can be accessed at any time. The results of the study show that this platform is able to improve service efficiency, minimize administrative errors, and speed up the pre-registration process of cases. The implementation of this system also helps to increase the transparency of communication between law firms and clients. Furthermore, the use of this website has the potential to reduce the administrative workload of staff, optimize the management of case data, and improve the accuracy of legal documentation. The system is also designed with the client's data security and privacy aspects in mind in accordance with the principles of digital information protection. Thus, this system can be an effective, structured, and integrated digital means to support the modernization of legal services at KOFIPINDO, improve service professionalism, and strengthen the competitiveness of law offices in the digital ecosystem.

This study examines the integration of technology in the process of Human Resource (HR) transformation through the perspective of employee data analytics as a strategic approach to modern HR management. The primary focus of the study is to analyze the impact of the simultaneous integration of digital HR systems and organizational digital transformation on improving the efficiency of HR functions, with organizational agility positioned as a moderating variable that strengthens this relationship. In addition, the study explores the potential optimization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and predictive analytics methods, such as Bayesian Optimization, in predicting workforce dynamics, including employee attrition risk and competency development needs, while also bridging the analytical skills gap among HR practitioners. The research method employed is a systematic literature review of relevant scientific publications from 2021 to 2025, selecting sources that address digital HR transformation, HR analytics, and the application of AI in organizational contexts. The findings indicate that digital HR systems have a strong and significant effect on enhancing operational efficiency and the quality of HR decision-making, and this effect becomes more optimal when supported by a high level of organizational agility. Furthermore, AI and predictive analytics are proven to generate more accurate predictions and simplify technical complexity, making them easier for HR practitioners to adopt. This study concludes that the success of HR transformation requires a holistic approach that aligns the use of advanced technologies with organizational capabilities, human resource readiness, and ethical considerations to create sustainable organizational value.