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This research aims to explore the deep meaning of the Maena dance as a means of spreading the Gospel among the people of Nias. This research applies a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods. The research process began with a comprehensive literature study regarding Maena dance, Christianity in Nias, as well as studies related to performing arts as a communication medium. Through this step, the researcher seeks to gain a comprehensive understanding of the historical, social, cultural and theological context of the phenomenon under study. Maena Dance is a cultural heritage from Nias that is rich in traditional values, and also has great potential as a means of conveying the Gospel. Through a creative and contextual approach, Maena Dance has succeeded in integrating Christian symbols, Biblical values ​​and spiritual messages into its movements, costumes and poetry. In this way, Maena becomes an effective communication medium for conveying the Gospel message to the community, especially in environments that still value local traditions.

Cultural communication plays an important role in maintaining and preserving the values of traditional marine education. In this context, cultural communication serves as a bridge to maintain traditional values while adapting them to the dynamics of the times in the era of modern life, especially the Mandar sailors on Kerayaan Island who have long been known for their maritime traditions inherent in their daily lives. This study aims to analyze the impact of modernization on the traditional practices and maritime cultural identity of the Mandar community. In addition, this study also presents the fact that not only the Bugis tribe is known as reliable sailors in the region, but the Mandar tribe also has a long history as accomplished sailors. The method used in the research uses a qualitative approach with the type of ethnographic research. The data was collected through direct observation in the field and in-depth interviews with local communities. Social change analysis is used as a theoretical framework to understand the maritime cultural transformation that occurs. This research shows that the entry of modern technology has slowly but surely changed the way of life of the Mandar seafaring community. Various cultural symbols that exist today are more widely used for economic purposes only, no longer as a cultural identity that is upheld. This study provides a real picture of how this change at least gives hope, that there will be no total death of traditional sized, there will always be adjustment, imaging and re-creation of new traditional authorities. The ability to survive this tradition is at least quite justified because the emergence of tradition always presupposes the presence of a 'regime of representatives' who has the authority to interpret the symbols and sacred texts of tradition for the purpose of legitimacy of power through cultural communication. Keywords: Mandar Tribe; Culture; Technological Modernization, Social Change

The phenomenon of bullying among teenagers is an increasing and complex social problem, not only occurring in everyday life but also widely represented through mass media, one of which is teen drama. One popular media that highlights this issue is My Nerd Girl Season 1, which shows the reality of bullying in its various forms. The main character, Rea, is depicted as a victim of bullying who experiences verbal, emotional, and social pressure from her environment. This representation illustrates that bullying is not just an individual act, but part of a social construction that is full of meaning. This study aims to explore how bullying is presented in the drama My Nerd Girl Season 1 using Roland Barthes's semiotic approach. The analysis focuses on the denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings contained in the visual and narrative symbols in the bullying scenes. The research data in the form of scene clips showing forms of bullying, are then analyzed to reveal the underlying social ideology. The results show that this drama represents bullying in various forms, ranging from verbal, cyber, physical, to social. These bullying acts are presented as a form of power, domination, and group control over individuals. The emerging connotative meanings indicate that bullying is legitimized by adolescent ideologies regarding popularity, physical appearance standards, and social acceptance in the school environment. The myth constructed through the drama's narrative is that symbolic and social violence is often considered normal or even necessary to maintain a certain social status. Thus, My Nerd Girl Season 1 serves not only as entertainment but also as a medium for social reflection that reveals the reality of bullying among adolescents.  

family conflict is portrayed in the film Uang Panai Maha(R)l 2 using Roland Barthes' semiotic framework. The film reflects the social reality of the Bugis-Makassar community, which highly upholds cultural values, particularly regarding arranged marriage, family honor, and the significant role of parents in their children's lives. The main objective of this research is to understand how family conflict is represented through visible and spoken symbols within the film’s narrative. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method by analyzing semiotic elements in several scenes that depict conflict, such as forced marriage, intergenerational differences, and the pressure of tradition against personal desires. The analysis is conducted through the three levels of meaning proposed by Barthes: denotation, connotation, and myth. The results show that Uang Panai Maha(R)l 2 illustrates the tension between traditional values and modern realities, which still occur within family life in Indonesia.

This final project report aims to explain the application of a three-act structure in writing a feature video script entitled "Bamboo Melody: Reviving a Traditional Symphony." The three-act structure is used as a narrative approach that functions to raise the issue of the fading of the angklung's sound philosophy among Generation Z. Each act plays an important role in building a structured and easily understood storyline for the audience. The first act focuses on the introduction of the angklung's philosophical meaning. In this act, the audience is invited to understand more deeply about the cultural values contained in the angklung, especially through the perspective of angklung craftsmen who have a direct relationship with the creation of this traditional musical instrument. The explanations from the craftsmen provide an overview of how the angklung is not only a musical instrument, but also a symbol of a profound philosophy of life. The second act highlights the crisis of cultural regeneration, which is a major challenge in preserving traditions. In this act, the perspective of cultural experts is introduced to provide an analysis of how the younger generation, especially Generation Z, is increasingly alienated from traditional cultural values, including the angklung. Cultural experts explain various factors that cause the angklung and other cultural values to be less familiar to the younger generation, who are more accustomed to global popular culture. The third act demonstrates concrete efforts to preserve angklung culture through testimonies from young angklung players and performances at Saung Angklung Udjo. Through this performance, the audience sees how the angklung remains relevant and can be revived by involving a younger generation that is adaptable to developments in media and technology. The story's conclusion illustrates that cultural regeneration can be achieved through a creative approach and the active involvement of the younger generation, so that the angklung's sound philosophy becomes more than just a discourse but can also contribute to social harmony relevant to the current context.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the lifestyle of credit relationship managers (RMs) and the potential for fraud on the occurrence of non-performing loans in the banking sector. Relationship managers are the spearheads of credit distribution, interacting directly with customers, so their behavior, lifestyle, and integrity have a significant impact on the quality of a bank's credit portfolio. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a systematic literature review approach, reviewing various recent studies related to bank employee lifestyles, factors driving fraud, and their correlation with non-performing loans. The results indicate that a consumptive lifestyle disproportionate to income can increase the risk of fraudulent behavior, such as manipulation of credit analysis or collusion with customers, which ultimately results in an increase in non-performing loans. Furthermore, weak internal control systems, pressure to achieve credit targets, and moral hazard exacerbate this risk. A lifestyle that prioritizes social symbols and self-image can also encourage employees to engage in deviant behavior to maintain this lifestyle. Several studies have shown that RMs trapped in a hedonistic lifestyle are more vulnerable to conflicts of interest and violations of professional ethics. Meanwhile, the potential for fraud in banking practices is also influenced by employees' weak personal financial literacy, as well as limited training in risk management and ongoing work ethics. In an organizational context, a work culture oriented toward achieving targets without regard for the quality of credit analysis has the potential to create a work climate that is permissive of irregularities. This study recommends strengthening a culture of integrity through the establishment of a firm code of ethics, technology-based supervision (such as an AI-based fraud detection system), and regular training on a healthy financial lifestyle and risk management for RMs.

Relations in mathematics are a fundamental concept that describe the connection between two sets. This concept is crucial because it forms the foundation for understanding functions and various other mathematical topics. In everyday life, relations can be found in numerous real-world situations, such as the relationship between teachers and their students, sellers and buyers, or students and their exam scores. By understanding relations, students can see how elements from one set are linked to elements in another set based on specific rules. Unfortunately, many students still find it difficult to grasp the concept of relations because it is often taught in an abstract way, filled with mathematical symbols that are not connected to their real-life experiences. As a result, students may feel that the topic is irrelevant to their lives, leading to a lack of interest and poor comprehension. In fact, if taught contextually and practically, the concept of relations can serve as a key bridge to help students understand functions and their relevance in the real world. This article aims to explain the concept of relations through a more practical and relatable approach. For example, it can be illustrated by connecting students' names with their attendance numbers, or linking foods with their nutritional contents. Through these examples, students can see that relations are not just rigid parts of a math lesson but also reflect meaningful connections in everyday life. In this way, it is expected that students will gain a more comprehensive understanding of relations—not only mathematically but also in terms of practical application and functionality. A solid understanding of relations will make it easier for students to learn advanced concepts such as functions, mappings, and mathematical logic. Therefore, a learning approach that emphasizes contextual understanding is essential, so that students are not merely memorizing formulas but are also capable of applying the concept of relations in real-world situations.

Digital transformation in land administration is a strategic step by the Indonesian government to realize a more efficient, transparent, and secure land registration system. One concrete form of this transformation is the implementation of electronic land certificates (e-certificates) regulated in the Ministerial Regulation of ATR/BPN No. 1 of 2021. This article aims to analyze the implementation of electronic land certificates as a legal innovation in the national land registration system and examine the challenges and solutions faced in its implementation. Using a normative juridical approach supported by literature studies and analysis of laws and regulations, this article finds that e-certificates have a strong legal basis and great potential in reducing agrarian conflicts, accelerating the registration process, and strengthening legal protection of land rights. However, its implementation is still faced with structural obstacles, such as limited information technology infrastructure, low digital literacy of the community, and resistance to system changes. Therefore, a strong policy commitment, an inclusive implementation strategy, and strengthening regulations and institutions are needed to ensure the success of the digitalization of the land system in Indonesia. Electronic land certificates are not only an administrative tool, but also a symbol of legal reform and equitable land governance in the digital era. Furthermore, enhancing public awareness and education regarding e-certificates is crucial to foster acceptance and understanding among stakeholders. Engaging various community groups in the digital transformation process can also facilitate smoother transitions and promote a culture of innovation in land administration. Ultimately, the successful implementation of e-certificates can serve as a model for other sectors undergoing digital transformation in Indonesia.

This article explains the Bakaua ritual at sacred graves, a tradition of the Nagari Sungai Limau community that has deep theological value. This research aims to analyze the meaning of theological values in the Bakaua ritual and how its practice can strengthen people's spiritual relationships. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research examines the spiritual, social, and cultural aspects inherent in the Bakaua tradition. The research results indicate that this ritual serves not only as a means of prayer and respect for ancestors but also as a medium for strengthening social relations and preserving local wisdom. Apart from that, the Bakaua ritual is seen as a form of asking for protection, expressing gratitude, and fulfilling vows, which reflects the close relationship between culture and theology in the life of Minangkabau society. The method used in this research is qualitative, encouraging a different approach from previous research, which only discussed Bakaua dramaturgy in the Minangkabau society. However, this paper places more emphasis on aspects of theological values in the Bakaua ritual tradition at sacred graves. This study highlights how theological meaning is embodied through symbolic practices, offerings, and communal prayers that represent submission to divine will. It also reveals how the ritual facilitates intergenerational transmission of spiritual values, maintaining continuity of belief systems in modern contexts. By analyzing community participation and oral narratives, the research uncovers deep spiritual motives rooted in Islamic beliefs intertwined with local cultural expressions. In addition, the findings underscore the community’s resilience in preserving traditional theology-based rituals despite the influence of modernization and shifts in religious interpretations. The Bakaua ritual thus becomes a cultural-theological bridge that binds generations and sustains spiritual identity within the dynamic life of the Minangkabau people.

The author constructs the story world through elements such as plot, character, and setting. These elements are interconnected and form a cohesive whole within the narrative. This study aims to examine and analyze the story elements in the novel Angin Bersyair by Andrei Aksana. The theoretical framework used in this research is Robert Stanton's structuralism theory. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through literature study, using techniques such as reading the novel, highlighting and identifying data, classifying, selecting, compiling the data corpus, and organizing the data. The results of the analysis show that the novel Angin Bersyair by Andrei Aksana is constructed using a mixed plot structure, the setting is categorized into place, time, and atmosphere. The characterization includes both main and supporting characters. The mixed plot in the novel combines both progressive and regressive plot patterns, allowing the author to weave past and present events fluidly to enrich the narrative tension and emotional depth. The temporal shifts also reflect the psychological complexity of the main characters, especially in relation to themes of love, identity, and longing. The setting of place varies from urban environments that reflect modern social dynamics to more introspective or symbolic places that reveal the characters’ inner worlds. The time setting spans multiple periods, indicating a narrative that draws heavily on memory and personal transformation. The atmosphere often shifts between melancholic, romantic, and contemplative tones, aligning with the protagonist’s emotional journey. Character analysis reveals a strong central figure whose emotional struggles and internal conflicts are supported and contrasted by secondary characters, enriching the story’s multidimensionality. The protagonist is depicted with psychological depth, while the supporting characters serve as foils or catalysts for change. Overall, this research highlights how Angin Bersyair employs literary elements to construct a rich and emotionally engaging narrative grounded in structuralist principles.

As shipping activities through various modes of transportation increase, the need for adequate understanding of dangerous goods is becoming increasingly important, especially among the younger generation. Unfortunately, many students still do not understand the classification and risks associated with transporting these goods. This community service activity aims to increase awareness and understanding of high school students in the Philippines regarding the classification of dangerous goods and the importance of safety in the shipping process. The activity was carried out through an interactive outreach method that included visual presentations, case studies, and simple simulations to make the material easier to understand and apply. The material provided refers to international standards, namely the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code and ICAO Technical Instructions (ICAO-TI), which are important references in the classification and handling of dangerous goods globally. Evaluation was carried out through pre-tests and post-tests to measure the level of student understanding before and after the activity. The results showed a significant increase in students' ability to recognize symbols, types of dangerous goods, and initial actions to be taken when faced with these goods. These findings confirm that the right educational approach can increase early awareness among students as potential actors in the logistics chain. It is hoped that similar programs can be implemented widely and sustainably in various educational institutions to minimize the risk of sending dangerous goods due to a lack of public knowledge.

The digital design of cultural museums with an interactive and educational approach in Indramayu Regency aims to present a modern, innovative, and interesting cultural preservation space. This concept was born from the urgent need for a means that are able to preserve, document, and promote local cultural wealth in the midst of the rapid flow of globalization. The lack of cultural literacy among the public, especially the younger generation, as well as the loss of historical objects due to inadequate storage facilities, are the main reasons for the importance of developing digital-based museums. Through an interactive approach, visitors can actively engage with cultural collections using advanced technologies such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and interactive multimedia. This technology provides an immersive, engaging, and personalized learning experience, so that visitors not only see, but also virtually experience the richness of the culture on display. Meanwhile, the educational approach is designed to create an informative, collaborative, and fun learning environment, which is highly relevant for learners and the younger generation as the successors of cultural preservation. Indramayu Regency, known for its long history, maritime traditions, and distinctive coastal culture, has great potential to become a center for cultural education. This digital museum will utilize digital technology to document cultural narratives in depth, so that it can be accessed not only by local people, but also national and international tourists. With its strategic location in the city center, the presence of this museum is expected to encourage the participation of the public and tourists in understanding, appreciating, and preserving the local culture of Indramayu. Apart from being an educational facility, this museum is expected to be able to become a driver of local tourism that makes a positive contribution to the economy of the surrounding community. Digital cultural museums are not only a place for preservation, but also a symbol of a strong regional identity, reflecting the synergy between technological innovation and commitment to cultural sustainability in the modern era.

The objective of this investigation is to describe the semiotics of the ornaments found on the traditional Karo house known as Siwaluh Jabu in the cultural village of Lingga. A descriptive-qualitative method was employed in this study. The theoretical framework was based on the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce. The data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The primary data consist of ornaments located on the exterior parts of the Siwaluh Jabu house. The investigation was conducted in the cultural village of Lingga, located in the Karo Regency, North Sumatra. The findings reveal the presence of various ornaments on the Siwaluh Jabu house, including: (1) buffalo horn, (2) Kudin Taneh, (3) Lumut-Lumut Lawit, (4) Ipen-ipen, (5) Pengret-ret, (6) Pantil Manggis, (7) Bunga Bincole, (8) Pucuk Merbung, (9) Embun Sikawiten, (10) Bindu Matagah, (11) Tapak Raja Sulaiman, (12) Cimba Lau Tutup Dadu, (13) Bindu Matogoh, (14) Teger Tudung, (15) Dapur-dapur, (16) Cuping-cuping, and (17) Taruk-taruk. Each ornament is imbued with symbolic meaning, which is closely connected to the culture, religion, and social structure of the Karo community.

The ability to recognize numerical symbols is a crucial aspect of cognitive development that should be stimulated from an early age. This study aims to describe the process of using the stick box learning media by a teacher in introducing numbers to children aged 5–6 years and to explore its impact on children's understanding of numbers. This research employed a qualitative approach with a narrative design, focusing on the personal experiences of a teacher as the main participant. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Observations were conducted four times to examine the learning process and children's responses to the media, while interviews were conducted twice to explore the teacher's insights regarding children's numerical understanding before and after using the stick box. Supporting documents such as lesson plans and activity photos were also collected. Data analysis involved reduction, presentation, and verification stages to generate a systematic narrative of the learning process. The results indicate that the creative use of the stick box media significantly improved children's ability to recognize numbers in an enjoyable and interactive way. The children showed increased learning motivation and were able to identify numbers more easily without notable difficulties. In conclusion, the stick box media serves as an effective alternative tool in supporting early childhood cognitive development, particularly in introducing numbers.

This paper examines how The Picture Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde marks a critical turn in which he critiques late-Victorian upper-class privilege and moral immunity. While previous scholarship has predominantly analyzed the novel as a moral allegory or aesthetic treatise, this study employs cultural materialism as a theoretical framework to demonstrate how Wilde uses Dorian’s isolation of his portrait and subsequent hedonistic experimentation as symbolic representations of the aristocracy’s ability to shield him from moral and social consequences. Wilde’s text reveals how the English aristocracy could embody ideals of beauty and reap princely treatment while committing debauchery without reproach. Through Culler’s close reading method toward this novel, especially chapters eight and nine, this analysis reveals how Dorian’s act of hiding the portrait symbolizes social denial, while his obsessive aesthetic consumption reflects the practices of the leisure class. This shows that Wilde hints Dorian’s social circle accepts his sensual life simply because his appearance remains unmarred–a commentary on class privilege. By examining the specific textual elements and historical context of—especially—chapters eight and nine of this novel, this study contributes to the understanding of how Wilde’s novel serves as both a product of and commentary on the class structures and moral hypocrisy of late-Victorian England.

Panji Kahirupan Dance is a Cirebonese mask dance created by H. Taufik Hidayat, the founder of Sanggar Ki Bagus Rangin. This dance portrays the journey of human life, from pre-birth to adulthood, inspired by the changing characters (wanda) of the Cirebon mask tradition. This study aims to describe and analyze the symbolic meanings embedded in the Panji Kahirupan Dance. The research uses a qualitative method with a semiotic approach, allowing the researcher to explore both the denotative and connotative meanings of the symbolic elements in the dance. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and validated using triangulation of techniques and sources. The data analysis involves data reduction to select relevant information, data presentation to synthesize findings, and conclusion drawing to interpret the symbolic meanings of each performance element. The costumes carry symbolic meanings through their colors: white represents the sanctity of life’s beginning, yellow symbolizes spirit, and red denotes ambition. The soft gamelan music contributes to a spiritual and contemplative atmosphere. The floor patterns, such as circles and straight lines, symbolize the life cycle and life’s purpose.

Tuanku Nan Renceh is an important figure in the history of Islam in Minangkabau who is known as a pioneer of the religious reform movement through the Padri Movement. Born into a strong matrilineal customary environment, he became a symbol of the radical transformation of Islamic thought in Indonesia in the 19th century. Starting from traditional education in the surau to being inspired by the Wahabi teachings brought by three pilgrims from Mecca, Tuanku Nan Renceh became the driving force behind the purification of Islam that rejected all forms of heresy, superstition, and customary practices that were considered contrary to Islamic law. His leadership was not only spiritual but also military in its resistance against customary groups and Dutch colonial power. His intellectual legacy influenced modern reformist movements such as Muhammadiyah and gave birth to local philosophies such as "Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah". Although his preaching method is considered controversial because it prioritizes violence and confrontation, Tuanku Nan Renceh's role remains significant in the dialectic of Islam and Minangkabau customs. Historical narratives, popular culture, and the collective memory of society immortalize his figure as a fighter, reformer, and symbol of the conflict between Islamic orthodoxy and local wisdom. This article will discuss again how Tuanku Nan Renceh's role in Spreading Influence played a major role in Minangkabau history, and invite readers to recognize, understand, and respond to the valuable legacy left behind.

The Bapalas Bidan tradition is a ritual of the Dayak tribe in Kalimantan to express gratitude to the midwife after the birth process. The ritual includes activities such as bathing the baby, serving offerings, and performing a symbolic ceremony to spiritually "return" the baby from the midwife to its parents. In the past, these rituals had a magical element, but nowadays more prayers and Islamic principles are applied. While modern midwifery practice faces challenges to its survival, this tradition remains crucial as it strengthens culture and social connections. This study examines the meaning of the tradition, its evolution, and the ways in which communities maintain it in modern times.

The term overthinking has become part of the everyday vocabulary among Generation Z, reflecting a tendency toward excessive deliberation in ordinary situations, including choosing food. The “Overthinking” advertisement by GoFood presents a compelling visual representation of this dilemma through metaphorical symbols such as a talking forehead, piles of clocks, and zodiac characters that construct a complex visual narrative of indecision. This study aims to examine how symptoms of overthinking are visually represented in the advertisement using Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach. The research employed a qualitative method, utilizing observation and documentation techniques to analyze visual structures across scenes. The findings reveal that the advertisement conveys its message through denotative, connotative, and myth-based signs, illustrating how Generation Z interprets the burden of choice in a digital cultural context. The results demonstrate how visual communication strategies can foster empathy while offering solutions to the everyday anxieties of a young audience. This study contributes to the development of visual semiotics discourse in the field of visual communication design and offers insights for advertising practices grounded in social issues.

This study aims to analyze the political communication strategies employed by Fadjroel Rachman as the Special Staff to the President for Communication in disseminating government policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through library research, this study explores various documents, academic articles, online news, and official government sources. The findings reveal that Fadjroel implemented adaptive and collaborative communication strategies by using war metaphors as symbolic crisis communication and by applying transparent and dialogical approaches in public messaging. Furthermore, the integration of social media and conventional media, along with collaboration with community leaders, strengthened the dissemination of information and increased the legitimacy of government policies. These findings suggest that responsive and empathetic political communication plays a crucial role in public crisis management. This research provides practical implications for policymakers in communication strategy and offers potential for further exploration in the field of political communication during crises.