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This study aims to achieve several main objectives in order to overcome the existing problems and improve the effectiveness of PjBL in Islamic Education learning.  The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative research, which aims to understand and describe the implementation of Project-based Learning (PjBL) in the context of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. This research focuses on an in-depth exploration of the experiences and views of educators and learners regarding the implementation of PjBL. The results of this study show that the implementation of Project-based Learning (PjBL) at SMPN 1 Sungai Sariak revealed several key findings. Teacher readiness is a crucial factor in the implementation of PjBL, with the main challenges being concept understanding, pedagogical skills, and limited resources and administrative support. Despite enthusiasm, teachers require ongoing training and improved access to resources. The impact of PjBL on learners' understanding showed improvements in cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects, strengthening understanding of religious concepts, critical thinking skills, and student motivation and engagement. PjBL also develops 21st century skills such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration and communication, although challenges related to resources and time remain. Overall, despite significant challenges, PjBL has great potential to improve the quality of learning at SMPN 1 Sungai Sariak with proper support and management.

This study aims to perceive student perceptions on self-correction and peer correction feed back to improve writing ability , student perceptions on self-correction and peer correction to increase autonomy learningof Japanese students. Self-Correction is an activity of providing indirect feedback where the teacher gives choices to students that allow them to carry out the correction activity themselves. Meanwhile, Peer Correction is a method that consists of learners giving and receiving feedback about their writing from their peers, that is, other learners. This research belongs to ex-post facto and survey research designs. Determination of the sample using random sampling technique using the Slovin formula. In this research, the research object was 42 Japanese Language Education students class of 2020 who had taken the Chukyuu Sakubun 1 course in semester 3. The data collection technique was carried out using a questionnaire and documentation in the form of students' Sakubun scores. The data is then processed quantitatively using t-Test SPSS software. The results of this study indicate that the value of the count test for the self-correction variable is 2.541 where this value is greater than the table value of 2.0108 and is significant at a significance level of 0.015, so it can be concluded that the self-correction variable has a significant effect on ability, critical thinking, and autonomy. The peer correction variable is 3,533 where this value is greater than the table value of 2.0108 and is significant at a significance level of 0.001, so it can be concluded that the peer correction variable has a significant effect on ability, critical thinking, and autonomy.

This research discusses the tenses and aspects in Japanese and  Indonesian. The purpose of this research is to add to the learner's knowledge in understanding the tenses and aspects of Japanese and Indonesian and to help learners in applying tenses and aspects in both languages. The research method used is contrastive research, which compares the structure of Japanese and Indonesian to identify the differences between the two languages related to kala and aspect. The results show that Japanese tenses include: past tense, irregular tense, present tense, and future tense. Aspect in Japanese is characterized by morpheme changes such as -te iru and -te iku.  Indonesian tenses: past tense, present tense, and future tense. Aspect in Indonesian is characterized by the prefix me- and adverbs. Contrastively, the difference in tense and aspect in the two languages lies in the markers of tense and aspect. In Japanese, it is marked by morpheme changes while in Indonesian it is marked by prefixes and adverbs. In conclusion, there are differences in the markers of tense and aspect between Japanese and Indonesian even though the meanings are the same.

This research discusses the tenses and aspects in Japanese and  Indonesian. The purpose of this research is to add to the learner's knowledge in understanding the tenses and aspects of Japanese and Indonesian and to help learners in applying tenses and aspects in both languages. The research method used is contrastive research, which compares the structure of Japanese and Indonesian to identify the differences between the two languages related to kala and aspect. The results show that Japanese tenses include: past tense, irregular tense, present tense, and future tense. Aspect in Japanese is characterized by morpheme changes such as -te iru and -te iku.  Indonesian tenses: past tense, present tense, and future tense. Aspect in Indonesian is characterized by the prefix me- and adverbs. Contrastively, the difference in tense and aspect in the two languages lies in the markers of tense and aspect. In Japanese, it is marked by morpheme changes while in Indonesian it is marked by prefixes and adverbs. In conclusion, there are differences in the markers of tense and aspect between Japanese and Indonesian even though the meanings are the same.

After the COVID-19 pandemic, the phenomenon of loss learning forced curriculum changes to become an unavoidable necessity so that the government launched an independent curriculum. The curriculum was developed following the times. The research method used in this research is the library research method or literature study. The author concludes that the independent curriculum is expected to be able to provide concrete and meaningful and effective learning experiences in developing the skills and expertise of students as lifelong learners with Pancasila character. The independent curriculum in social studies learning that focuses on the integration of values and competencies not only encourages intellectual intelligence, but also emotional and social intelligence, such as empathy, social awareness, and effective communication skills. An active and innovative social studies curriculum in independent learning is expected to not only focus on academic achievement, but also on developing students' characters and competencies as socially responsible individuals, while supporting post-pandemic learning recovery.

One of the most important aspects of formal and informal education in educational institutions is character education. Two types of character that should be formed are discipline and responsibility. Possession of discipline and responsibility are highly valued qualities, as character plays an important role in one's daily social interactions. Helping, grouping, and socializing are all included in it. Character development throughout human life as a whole is closely linked to the process of learning and self-formation. Character development can be achieved in the context of family, school, and the environment, which includes communities and groups. The objectives of this study are to (1) describe the teacher's approach in teaching social studies class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri that instills the character values of discipline and responsibility. (2) Determine what motivates and what hinders educators to foster the character values of discipline and responsibility in their students through social studies learning in class VIII A of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. (3) To find out the results of social studies learning techniques used to build character values of discipline and responsibility in students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study. In collecting data, the methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The Miles and Huberman approach was used in the design of this research, which used descriptive analysis techniques through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation of data sources was used in assessing the validity of the data. The teachers and students of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri became the research subjects. Based on the data analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: 1) Motivation and exemplary teachers, active involvement of students in learning, self-habituation, and sanctioning violations are strategies used by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri, 2) Strong motivation, family support, school regulations, and the environment are the driving factors faced by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri in instilling the character values of discipline and responsibility to students. Meanwhile, the unsupportive atmosphere and students' lack of willingness to learn make them less effective learners are the inhibiting factors. In this case, the teacher's duties have been carried out in accordance with their responsibilities as educators, motivators, mentors, and assessors. 3) The results of the social studies teacher's strategy in the implementation of cultivating the character of discipline and responsibility for students in grade VIII through motivating activities, students become enthusiastic in discipline and responsibility for the mandate carried out, namely as students. Through exemplary, students have successfully applied and instilled forms of discipline and responsibility in terms of dress, time, and duties through their active participation in classroom learning. This is indicated by students' active participation in discussions, students' activeness in completing and collecting assignments given by the teacher, students' enthusiasm for learning that is always high, self-habituation that has been applied by social studies teachers, the ability of social studies teachers to train students to be more disciplined and responsible in terms of worship, students' habits to help others and parents, and the appearance of disciplined and responsible students, by making efforts to impose sanctions on students who commit violations so that they do not repeat them again and encourage them to be more aware of their obligations as students.

One of the most important aspects of formal and informal education in educational institutions is character education. Two types of character that should be formed are discipline and responsibility. Possession of discipline and responsibility are highly valued qualities, as character plays an important role in one's daily social interactions. Helping, grouping, and socializing are all included in it. Character development throughout human life as a whole is closely linked to the process of learning and self-formation. Character development can be achieved in the context of family, school, and the environment, which includes communities and groups. The objectives of this study are to (1) describe the teacher's approach in teaching social studies class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri that instills the character values of discipline and responsibility. (2) Determine what motivates and what hinders educators to foster the character values of discipline and responsibility in their students through social studies learning in class VIII A of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. (3) To find out the results of social studies learning techniques used to build character values of discipline and responsibility in students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study. In collecting data, the methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The Miles and Huberman approach was used in the design of this research, which used descriptive analysis techniques through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation of data sources was used in assessing the validity of the data. The teachers and students of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri became the research subjects. Based on the data analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: 1) Motivation and exemplary teachers, active involvement of students in learning, self-habituation, and sanctioning violations are strategies used by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri, 2) Strong motivation, family support, school regulations, and the environment are the driving factors faced by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri in instilling the character values of discipline and responsibility to students. Meanwhile, the unsupportive atmosphere and students' lack of willingness to learn make them less effective learners are the inhibiting factors. In this case, the teacher's duties have been carried out in accordance with their responsibilities as educators, motivators, mentors, and assessors. 3) The results of the social studies teacher's strategy in the implementation of cultivating the character of discipline and responsibility for students in grade VIII through motivating activities, students become enthusiastic in discipline and responsibility for the mandate carried out, namely as students. Through exemplary, students have successfully applied and instilled forms of discipline and responsibility in terms of dress, time, and duties through their active participation in classroom learning. This is indicated by students' active participation in discussions, students' activeness in completing and collecting assignments given by the teacher, students' enthusiasm for learning that is always high, self-habituation that has been applied by social studies teachers, the ability of social studies teachers to train students to be more disciplined and responsible in terms of worship, students' habits to help others and parents, and the appearance of disciplined and responsible students, by making efforts to impose sanctions on students who commit violations so that they do not repeat them again and encourage them to be more aware of their obligations as students.

Education is a very complex process that not only covers knowledge but also skills, including moral and ethical values. English as an international language has an important role in the field of education, especially in Indonesia at senior high school (SMA) with a focus on developing skills from speaking, listening, reading and writing. However, each learners have different abilities ranging from slow learners to fast learners, it requires teachers to apply a variety of learning strategies in accordance with learning. This study aims to explore English learning strategies applied at SMA Negeri 2 Bangli, especially in class XI. Through the descriptive qualitative research method, this study found that both teachers apply varied learning strategies according to the needs of students, and there are learning strategies that are rarely applied because they are considered less suitable for the characteristics and learning needs of students.

Intonation is one of the acoustic features that is highly emphasised by English learners worldwide, including Chinese EFL and Indonesian EFL speakers. The primary focus of the research is to compare variations in intonation between Chinese EFL and Indonesian EFL speakers while at the same time observing the other two acoustic features, which are intensity and duration. To make this research more comprehensive, a native English speaker’s pronunciation was also included to set the standard of English pronunciation. The data was visualised using the phonetic software PRAAT following the experiment. The findings indicate that Indonesian EFL speakers exhibit intonation patterns more similar to native English speakers compared to Chinese EFL speakers, although the specific intonation differences from native speakers remain evident. Learning about phonetic theory and adjusting intonation with the help of visual phonetic software are both effective ways to address this issue.

This study examines pitch variations in English sentences spoken by two non-native children from Ethiopia and Somalia, using. The research focuses on declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentence types, analyzing pitch frequency across these sentence forms. The participants were a 5-year-old Ethiopian boy and a 9-year-old Somalian boy, were recorded, and their pitch data were analyzed for beginning, highest, lowest, and final frequencies. The results indicate that the Somalian boy exhibited greater pitch variation, particularly in declarative sentences, while the Ethiopian boy demonstrated more consistency. In imperative sentences, the Ethiopian boy showed slightly wider variation, while in interrogative sentences, the Somalian boy ended with a higher pitch. The differences in pitch usage suggest influences from age, language background, and individual speaking habits. This research contributes to understanding pitch use in young multilingual English learners and their linguistic development.

Curriculum administration is all business processes that have been planned and attempted deliberately and earnestly as well as continuous guidance on teaching and learning activities effectively and efficiently in order to achieve the educational goals that have been set. The importance of curriculum administration in educational institutions, which includes the selection of materials, teaching methods, and assessments that are in accordance with educational goals and student needs. Curriculum administration plays a role in ensuring that the curriculum is well structured and organized through various levels of planning, implementation, and supervision. Curriculum evaluation is also an important part of education management, aiming to collect information about the effectiveness of curriculum implementation and the impact of learning outcomes. In addition, this journal highlights the role of teachers in curriculum administration as implementers, adapters, developers, and researchers. The presence of artificial intelligence (AI) technology presents an opportunity for educators to carry out a learning process that focuses on the needs, interests, and learning styles of students, because the independent curriculum requires educators to carry out differentiated learning as an initiative in facilitating students, especially in Pancasila education, which incidentally is still carried out by conventional models or methods.

Health education is a crucial aspect of guiding learners about health in a broad range, encompassing physical, mental, and social well-being. Schools, being environments where students are exposed to various hazards, are particularly vulnerable to accidents. First aid education is essential in preventing injuries and ensuring that students are equipped with the necessary skills to respond effectively in emergency situations. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Augmented Reality (AR) based First Aid health education on the knowledge of Youth Red Cross (PMR) members at Titian Teras State Senior High School, Jambi City. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with one pretest-posttest group without a control group. A total of 50 PMR members were involved, divided into an intervention group (n=25) and a control group (n=25). The intervention group received AR-based First Aid health education, while the control group received conventional methods. Data collection was conducted using a knowledge assessment tool, and pre- and post-test analyses were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. The results showed a significant increase in the intervention group's knowledge. After the intervention, 80% of respondents in the intervention group achieved the "good" category, compared to only 36% in the control group. The Mann-Whitney test confirmed the significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05), indicating that the AR-based First Aid health education was more effective in improving PMR members' knowledge compared to conventional methods. This study concludes that AR-based First Aid health education is more effective in improving PMR members' knowledge compared to conventional methods. The integration of AR technology in health education highlights its potential in enhancing learning outcomes and improving the preparedness of students in responding to emergencies. The findings suggest that AR can be a valuable tool in health education, particularly in first aid training, by providing an immersive and interactive learning experience that enhances both knowledge and skills acquisition.

Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MIPA) education has a very important role in shaping a smart, creative and innovative generation, in line with Indonesia's national education goals. This article explores the contribution of MIPA in improving the quality of education in Indonesia, especially through the development of critical and analytical thinking skills. This research uses a literature study method with a qualitative descriptive approach, and is supported by interviews with teachers in East Kalimantan. The results showed that MIPA learning can help learners develop scientific skills and form positive characters such as honesty, consistency and logical thinking. In addition, teachers, principals and parents have a crucial role in supporting the improvement of education quality. With the synergy of various parties, the integration of MIPA materials is expected to realize the goals of national education, namely creating a society that is intelligent, noble, and ready to face global challenges.    

Education plays an important role in shaping learners' competencies, including cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects to face the challenges of the times. In Indonesia, education should look at holistic aspects that include character development, life skills and social abilities as mandated in Law No. 20/2003. However, challenges in classroom management and learning boredom often become obstacles. For this reason, innovative approaches are needed, such as the use of interactive learning media. This study aims to examine the effect of using Fun Learning Card media on the learning outcomes of grade XI students at SMA Negeri 21 Surabaya. This media is expected to significantly increase student participation and understanding, overcome boredom, and create more meaningful learning. By using descriptive statistical analysis techniques, standard deviation, and learning outcome categories, the following results were found before using the learning media in cycle 1 with an average score of 49.6. The score was obtained from the lowest score of 35 and the highest score of 70, then also obtained a standard deviation score (P) of 10.2. In cycle 2 using Fun Learning Card media, the highest score was 97 while the lowest score was 76 with an average score of 85.4 and a standard deviation of 6.3.

This study highlights the importance of differentiated learning in the educational context, particularly for equivalency program students. Education serves as a process for delivering culture that supports the development of attitudes and knowledge. Within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum, teachers are expected to innovate in delivering material and instilling character values. The goal of differentiated learning is to meet the diverse needs of students, considering the unique characteristics of each individual that influence their learning styles. There are four main components of differentiated learning: differentiation of content, process, product, and learning environment. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method to explore the implementation of differentiated learning in writing expository texts. The findings indicate that despite challenges such as a lack of training for teachers, the application of appropriate strategies can enhance students' writing skills. This study recommends further support for teachers to effectively implement differentiated learning, creating meaningful and inclusive learning experiences for students.

This study aims to describe the application of mind map learning media in improving the short story analysis ability of students of class XI-B2 SMAN 9 Surabaya. This type of research uses Classroom Action Research which consists of two cycles. This Classroom Action Research was carried out in class XI-B2 SMAN 9 Surabaya in the first semester of 2024, with research subjects consisting of 36 students. Data collection techniques used, namely through direct observation and tests. The results showed that the use of Mind Map was quite effective as an effort to improve students' short story analysis skills. This can be seen from the increase in the average score of students from cycle I (76.8) to cycle II (96). This study concludes that Mind Map not only improves analytical skills, but also learners' engagement and creativity in learning.  In addition, Mind Map helps learners visualize the relationship between short story elements, so that the analysis process becomes easier to understand.

Education is an important key in the formation of an intelligent nation. The background of this study is the decrease in concentration and inactivity of students in learning Indonesian Language, especially in the hours before the end of learning at school. This Classroom Action Research was carried out in two cycles with the aim of increasing the concentration and learning activity of students in grades XI-10 of SMAN 21 Surabaya through the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method with the Cooperative Learning model in learning Indonesian Language Argumentation Text material. The techniques used in data collection are observation, interviews, and tests. The results of the study show that the application of this TGT method can increase the concentration and learning activity of participants in grades XI-10 of SMAN 21 Surabaya on the Argumentation Text material. This can be seen from the increase in observations, interviews, and test results. Students' learning activities and critical thinking ability have increased with the percentage of score acquisition in cycle 2 higher than in cycle 2. The Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method with the Cooperative Learning learning model allows students to discuss with each other in learning, and can help each other, so that it can increase the activeness and involvement of students during the learning process. In addition, this method helps learners to develop their thinking and communication skills with other friends.

Effective learning requires an approach that can increase students' motivation to learn and engagement in learning. One innovative approach that has been proven effective in this regard is Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL). Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) focuses on matching learning materials to students' ability levels, not just age or grade. Research shows that this approach can optimize materials that match learners' abilities and can further increase learners' motivation to learn. By grouping learners according to ability and providing appropriate learning support, Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) becomes a learning solution for learners based on ability level to overcome learning differences and increase learners' confidence. This research contains the basic concepts of Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL), supporting theories and the impact of the implementation of learning with the Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) approach on students' learning motivation at SD Negeri Condongcatur. Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) increases learners' engagement and satisfaction in learning. Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) is an effective approach to increase learners' learning motivation.

This study aims to describe the improvement of the ability to analyze facts and opinions in argumentation text of students of class XI TEK 2 SMK Negeri 5 Surabaya, as well as to describe the effectiveness of cooperative learning model in class XI TEK 2 SMK Negeri 5 Surabaya. This type of research is a class action research (PTK). This class action research was conducted in class XI TEK 2 of SMK Negeri 5 Surabaya in semester 1 of 2024/2025 academic year. The subjects of this study were students of class XI TEK 2 consisting of 31 students; 24 male students and 7 female students. Data collection techniques using direct observation and test methods. Based on the results and discussion, the following conclusions can be drawn. (1) There was an increase in the learning outcomes of students in class XI TEK 2 in learning to analyze facts and opinions in argumentation text. The increase in student learning outcomes was 37.5. In addition, the increase in learning outcomes did not only occur in students who had not met the minimum score in cycle I, but also in 4 groups at once. Even as many as three groups achieved maximum learning outcomes. (2) Cooperative learning model is effective in learning to analyze facts and opinions in argumentation text. The cooperative learning model encourages learners to actively discuss to determine facts and opinions in argumentation text in groups.

This study aims to determine (1) the design of an e-module model with the Kvisoft Flipbook Maker application in economics learning to improve participants' critical thinking skills. Educate, (2) the feasibility of e-modules with the Kvisoft flipbook maker application in economic learning to improve participants' critical thinking skills. learners, (3) students' learning responses to electronic module (e-module) with the Kvisoft flipbook maker application in economics learning for participants Educate, (4) how effective is the use of e-modules with the Kvisoft Flipbook Maker application for critical thinking skills of students in learning .This research is a development research with R&D model. The research sample is SMPN 28 Purworejo class VIII students totaling 92 divided into 2 groups, namely the experimental group, and the control group , the control class uses printed e-modules . Data analysis techniques use normality tests, homogeneity, hypothesis testing, further testing, and effect size.The research results show (1) The experimental class showed that the gain in critical thinking skills of students in the experimental class was 0.8, which means that the gain value in the experimental class was in the range of values (<g>) > 0.7, which is in the high category, in the control class the gain value 0.5 which means the gain in the first and second control classes is in the range of 0.7 ≥ (<g>) 0.3 is in the medium category, (2) the e-module suitability from the assessment of material experts is 5.47 and 5.55, media experts 4.46 with very good and good categories, (3) the student response is good as seen from the results of the content suitability of 4.27, language 8.41, usefulness 8.68, and graphics 8.57 are at a value above 4, (4) the results of the effect size analysis with the Interpretation Effect Size category show that using the Kvisoft Flipbook Maker e-module is effective in increasing critical thinking skills by 70.8 %.