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This study aims to determine the application of problem based learning learning models with lottery game media in improving junior high school students' problem solving abilities. This research is an experimental research in the form of Pre-Experimental Designs. The design used is One Group Pretest-Postest Design. The population in this study were class VIII A and class VIII B. The sample in this study was students of class VIII B consisting of 20 students with the selection of subjects based on the cluster random sampling technique. The data collection technique used is a measurement technique with a data collection tool in the form of test questions in essay form. The data analysis technique used was anava one line of dissimilar cells, with further testing using the Scheffe method. The research results obtained were that there was a significant increase in students' mathematical problem solving abilities before and after being given treatment through the problem based learning model using lottery media with high categories.  

This study aims to describe students' learning barriers in solving SPLDV questions based on problem solving abilities. This research uses descriptive qualitative research, and the sampling technique uses purposive sampling technique. This research was conducted at Sungai Kakap 1 Public Middle School, the data used were the results of researchers to clarify students' obstacles in answering questions based on problem-solving abilities with data sources, namely class VIII students of SMP 1 Sungai Kakap. Data collection techniques used measurement techniques, direct communication techniques and indirect communication techniques with data collection tools in the form of test questions, interview guides and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. In this study it was concluded that the students' barriers in the high group were wrong in determining the formula and wrong in the concept of completion, the students' barriers in the medium group were wrong in determining the formula, discrepancies in using the formula to answer a problem and did not re-examine the answers, and student barriers in the low group were unable to determine the formula and solve the problem on the question then also did not re-check the answer after completing the given question.    

The background of this research is that not all students can understand this problem-based learning, and also not all students are able to think actively in solving problems that occur. Students are less enthusiastic in participating in learning and students who play around or don't focus on learning. From the problems that exist, the researcher is interested in studying the application of problem-based learning in Islamic Religious Education Class X at SMAN 1 Kapur IX District and its inhibiting factors. This study aims to find out how the application of this problem-based learning strategy and its inhibiting factors. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research that describes problem-based learning strategies in Islamic Religious Education Class X at SMAN 1 Kapur IX District. In collecting data researchers used observation techniques, interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, to analyze it, the researcher uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of the research conducted, the authors found that Islamic Religious Education teachers apply problem-based learning strategies starting from teacher planning in preparing lessons by making lesson plans which serve as teacher guidelines in teaching and learning activities carried out in the classroom. The application of problem-based learning strategies is carried out through three activities, namely preliminary activities, core activities and closing activities. The activity starts from the teacher entering the class by greeting, conditioning the class and then praying together after that the teacher explains the indicators and learning objectives. The core activities of student learning are given related to learning problems then students will observe and find solutions to the problems that occur. Closing activities at the end with the teacher and concluding student lessons, giving assignments and praying together. The inhibiting factors found were time allocation, students who were less able to solve problems that occurred and students playing games during learning.

This study aims to improve students' mathematical problem-solving skills through the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) model on the material of a Linear Two Variable System in grade VIII-6 students of SMP N 4 Medan as a subject or this research. The type of this research is classroom action research. The instrument used the collect the data are essay test and observation sheet. Before giving the action in initial test to 32 students obtained the average score is 50.46 with the classical completeness is 34.37% or only 11 students achieve the completeness criteria. The completeness criteria is the standard point that must be reached by students namely at least 65 and classical completeness is the standard percentage that must be reached by the class namely at least 85%. After given the action in the first cycle namely the implementation of MMP learning model to 32 students, obtained the average score is 63.9844 with the classical completeness 50% or 16 students achieve the completeness criteria. Then given the second cycle namely increasing MMP learning model, obtained the average score is 82.11 with the classical completeness 93.75%. Based on the observation done by teacher obtained that the point of second cycle is higher than the point of first cycle. Based on the average gain score, obtained that the average gain score in Cycle I test-Cycle II test is higher than Initial Test-Cycle I Test. From the result of research, can be concluded that the mathematical problem-solving ability of students can be increased or improved especially on the topic of Linear System with Two Variable by using Missouri Mathematics Project Learning Model

Critical thinking is a process of solving problems based on good judgment and experiences that are by facts. A thought process of solving problems in learning is said to be achieved and can improve critical thinking skills in solving problems during the learning process if the implementation is student-centered. To improve critical thinking skills, improve the quality of education, and produce quality learning outcomes, the government made a breakthrough by holding the School Literacy Movement (GLS) program. Namely a mass movement to foster a love of literacy to meet the need for information and reading for this nation's generation. Literacy is the ability of individuals to read, write, speak, calculate and solve problems at the level of expertise required in work, family, and society. Good literacy and followed up by giving assignments or recitations, can hone skills to make students able to think critically, creatively, innovatively and develop student character.

This study aims to obtain teaching materials based on a valid, practical, and effective realistic mathematical approach, so as to improve students' mathematical reasoning abilities on the material of a three-variable linear equation system. The research instruments used were questionnaire validation sheets, lesson plans validation sheets, teaching material validation sheets, test instrument validation sheets, mathematical reasoning ability tests, and teacher and student response questionnaires to teaching materials. After all instruments, lesson plans, and teaching materials were declared valid by the validator, then readability tests and field trials were carried out. The results showed that: (1) the teaching materials based on the realistic mathematical approach developed had met the criteria of validity based on the validator's assessment with the average validity of the teaching materials for the material being 3.13 and 3.29 for media with a very feasible category; (2) the teaching materials based on the realistic mathematical approach that have been developed have met the practicality criteria through: a) the results of the questionnaire student responses to teaching materials show the percentage of practicality of 81.19% with a very practical category, b) the results of the questionnaire responses of teachers to teaching materials show the percentage of practicality 88.75% with very practical category; (3) The teaching materials based on the realistic mathematics approach developed meet the effective criteria with: a) classical student learning mastery of 88%, b) more than 65% of students have achieved 75% of learning objectives for each indicator, c) increased mathematical reasoning ability students after using teaching materials seen through the average score of students increased from 50 in the pretest to 85.33 in the posttest and the results of the N-Gain analysis which showed students' mathematical problem solving abilities increased by 0.712, meaning in the high category.

This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of Discovery Learning and Problem Based Learning on the problem solving abilities of class X students at SMA Negeri 9 Malang. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques used were interviews, problem-solving ability tests, sheet validation and documentation. The results showed that there was a significant influence on the problem solving abilities of students using a combination of Discovery Learning and Problem Based Learning models in biology class X IPA Malang State High School which can be seen from the sig (2tailed) value of 0.002<0.05. The combination of the Discovery Learning model with Problem Based Learning provides opportunities for students to be actively involved in the learning process to solve problems that occur in everyday life starting from finding problems, analyzing problems to drawing conclusions

In choosing the right learning model, a teacher must pay attention to students' abilities and choose a learning model that can motivate them to learn and develop their potential so they can overcome problems in life. Problem-Based Learning is considered a learning model that can help students maximize their potential and develop skills in solving problems in everyday life. This study aims to critically analyze the application of problem-based learning models in the field of study of Islamic Religious Education. Through a literature study approach, this study focuses on a critical analysis of the basic concepts, principles, and procedures for applying the Problem-Based Learning method in learning Islamic Religious Education. The results of the research show that in order to implement PBL in the learning process, teachers should follow the procedures or implementation stages. The procedure for implementing PBL is divided into several steps, namely: problem orientation, organizing students to study (in groups), investigation or data collection, developing and presenting work results, and finally; evaluation and reflection.

The purpose of the research was to find out the level of the students' problem solving skills on environmental material at X class of MAN Bintan. The researcher applied descriptive quantitative approach as method for analyzing the data. Sampling in this study using Total Sampling technique with the sampel consisted of 59 students. This instrument is used to collect students' problem solving skills through six aspects to Chang & Kelly with 6 items essay and feature interviews. The data were analyzed with statistical rule in percentage. Based on the results of data analyze shows that a 77% rate highly classified. The researcher concluded that student at X class MAN Bintan has good problem solving skills. However, it still needs training and guidance to develop problem solving skills.