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The growing number of elderly in Indonesia demands more attention from families and communities towards their welfare. The many cases of elderly neglect show a lack of empathy and education regarding the role of families and communities in caring for the elderly. This study designed a social campaign entitled "Senja Kasih" which utilizes Instagram social media as a medium for delivering messages to the public. This campaign uses an emotional appeal approach to arouse audience emotions and empathy towards elderly issues. The research method used is mixed methods through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and literature studies. The design results include a campaign logo, visual concepts to increase the effectiveness of message delivery. This campaign collaborates with the Panti Lansia Yayasan Buddhayana Panditarama as a stakeholder. It is hoped that the "Senja Kasih" campaign can increase public awareness, build empathy, and encourage participation in supporting and caring for the elderly.  

The rise of authoritarian leadership in higher education institutions has become a pressing global issue, affecting academic freedom, institutional autonomy, and the wellbeing of faculty and students. This phenomenon, observed not only in traditionally authoritarian countries but also in democratic contexts, manifests through centralized power, top-down decision-making, and suppression of critical voices. Despite its growing prevalence, empirical research on authoritarian leadership in academia remains limited, with significant gaps in understanding its contextual dynamics, direct impacts on academic communities, and cross-cultural variations. Recent studies have introduced novel theoretical frameworks tailored to academic settings and employed innovative mixed-method approaches to explore mediating factors such as emotional exhaustion and moderating personality traits. These advances have highlighted the complex and contextual nature of authoritarian leadership’s effects, which generally undermine innovation, morale, and performance, although it may increase compliance in specific situations. The negative consequences of authoritarian leadership are evident in reduced creativity and critical thinking, which are fundamental to the academic mission. Faculty members and students may experience heightened stress, diminished job satisfaction, and a decline in engagement. However, some studies suggest that in certain environments, authoritarian leadership can impose order and enhance efficiency in situations requiring immediate decisions. This paper underscores the urgent need for further research and practical interventions to promote adaptive, collaborative, and wellbeing-oriented leadership models in higher education. Such leadership approaches are essential to foster institutional resilience, democratic governance, and inclusive educational practices in an era of global uncertainty and disruption. By shifting towards more participatory leadership styles, higher education institutions can better address the evolving needs of faculty and students, ensuring a thriving academic environment that supports innovation, diversity of thought, and overall wellbeing.

Situ Gede Sub-district in Bogor City has the potential to develop tourism, yet still faces challenges in promoting tourist destinations and in operating administrative systems that have not adopted digital technology. To address these issues, a mixed-method approach was used by combining qualitative and quantitative methods through interviews and questionnaires involving local residents and village officials. The results showed that the majority of respondents gave positive responses to digital innovation and expressed their willingness to use an online platform. As a result, a village website was developed to serve as a digital platform facilitating the management of population documents and tourism information. The website is designed to improve the effectiveness of public services and strengthen the promotion of the village’s potential. This digital solution serves as an innovative approach to deliver fast, accessible, and community-oriented public services by leveraging technology.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) presents new challenges and opportunities in the practice of financial auditing, especially regarding the efficiency and accuracy of audit results, which are still the main problems. This study aims to examine the impact of financial audit transformation through the application of AI using a mixed methods approach. Quantitative data were collected from 100-150 internal and external auditors in medium to large companies in East Java Province who have been using AI for at least one year, and analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS. Qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews to explore perceptions and challenges of AI implementation. The results showed that AI significantly improved the efficiency of the audit process and the accuracy of risk and fraud detection, despite barriers such as change resistance and limited auditor competence. This research makes important contributions to the development of modern audit theory and offers strategic recommendations for practitioners and regulators to optimise AI integration in financial auditing. Practical implications include the need for auditor training and strengthening technology infrastructure to support sustainable digital transformation. 

This study aims to explore the role of metacognitive awareness in improving the speaking performance of hospitality vocational students. Using a mixed-methods design, this study involved 50 students of the Prasetiya Mandiri Polytechnic and combined quantitative data from the adapted Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) as well as role-play-based speaking tests, with qualitative data from in-depth interviews. The results of correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship (r = 0.65) between metacognitive scores and speaking performance. The most dominant metacognitive strategies reported by students included self-monitoring during speaking and post-task reflection. These findings reveal that students with high metacognitive awareness tend to be able to manage their communication more effectively in professional situations. Research implications include the importance of integrating metacognitive training in vocational curricula, such as through reflective journals and communication strategy guides. The study also highlights a curriculum gap, where only 32% of respondents reported having received explicit training related to metacognitive strategies. Limitations include small sample sizes, so it is recommended that follow-up studies be conducted longitudinally and across institutions.    

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) face complex challenges in competing in the global market, where innovative marketing strategies such as experiential marketing are believed to increase brand awareness and consumer loyalty. However, its effectiveness is still debated due to inconsistent findings and the lack of holistic studies that combine quantitative-qualitative approaches. This study aims to analyse the influence of the five dimensions of experiential marketing (Schmitt, 1999) on brand awareness and consumer loyalty of global MSMEs, while exploring the challenges of its implementation. A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design method was used, with quantitative SEM analysis (AMOS 28.0) on 250 global consumers and in-depth interviews with 15 MSME players. Results show the feel (β = 0.48, p < 0.001) and relate (β = 0.35, p = 0.002) dimensions have a significant effect on increasing brand awareness, which acts as a full mediator towards loyalty (indirect effect: β = 0.29, p < 0.01). Qualitative findings revealed cultural adaptation and resource allocation as keys to success. This research provides theoretical contributions by extending Schmitt's (1999) model through the integration of brand awareness as a mediator, as well as practical implications in the form of recommendations for glocalisation strategies and the use of AR/VR technology for MSMEs.

The dredging activity at Tanjung Pakis General Terminal is carried out to support the construction of the jetty and the deepening of turning basin to enhance the berthing capacity of ships. However, the actual dredger volume did not meet the meet the initial plan, potentially affecting maritime safety and security. This study aims to analyze dredging productivity and identity the factors causing discrepancies between the planned and actual dredging volumes. This study employs a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative analysis through descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis using a fishbone diagram. The research findings indicate a significant decline in dredged volume, with the total realized volume reaching only 221.619,47 m3 out of the planned 500.000 m3. The primary factors contributing to this discrepancy include administrative issues, environmental factors such as high waves, and fishing activities in the area.

The metaverse is emerging as a digital ecosystem that is transforming the way people interact, work and do business. However, its rapid growth poses challenges to environmental, economic and social sustainability. This research explores the interplay between linguistics, environmental economics and human resource management (HRM) in supporting sustainability in the metaverse. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research analyses: (1) the role of linguistic strategies in shaping sustainability discourse in virtual environments, (2) the economic impact of green initiatives in metaverse-based ecosystems, and (3) the contribution of HRM in implementing sustainable work practices in the digital world. The results show that strategic ecological communication, economic incentives for virtual carbon neutrality and green HR policies play an important role in achieving sustainability in the metaverse. This study provides insights for policy makers, companies and HR professionals to use the metaverse as an environmentally and socially sustainable space.

Iodine deficiency remains a major health issue, especially in highland regions like Cisukadana Village, leading to an increased risk of goiter that affects metabolism and growth. This study explores an alternative method to improve iodine intake through the use of factory ash waste in salted egg processing. Factory ash waste is known to contain microelements such as iodine, calcium, and magnesium, which can enhance the nutritional value of salted eggs. The research consisted of three stages: community counseling on iodine importance, practical training on making salted eggs using a salt and ash mixture, and product distribution for evaluation. Eggs were soaked in a brine solution mixed with ash waste for 8–10 days to ensure iodine absorption. The results showed that this method increased iodine content in the eggs, extended shelf life, and improved texture and taste. The program positively impacted the community in health (goiter prevention), social (community involvement and student participation), and economic (potential new business using local resources) aspects. This innovation demonstrates a sustainable approach to enhancing iodine intake while reducing industrial waste impact.

This research examines the influence of development policies on community empowerment in rural areas. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys (n=400) across four diverse rural districts with qualitative interviews (n=40) and focus group discussions (n=12), the study identifies key factors affecting the success of empowerment programs. Findings reveal that community participation in planning phases and equitable access to resources (financial, informational, and material) are fundamental determinants of successful rural empowerment. The research demonstrates that development policies are most effective when they: (1) enable genuine participation beyond mere consultation, (2) build on existing community institutions, (3) address power imbalances within communities, and (4) provide appropriate external facilitation. Statistical analysis shows strong correlations between empowerment outcomes and participation in planning (β=0.73, p<0.001) and access to financial resources (β=0.68, p<0.001). This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of empowerment processes and practical knowledge for policymakers and practitioners seeking to design more effective community development interventions in rural contexts.

Traffic congestion in Bandar Lampung City has led to the emergence of volunteer traffic controllers, commonly known as Pak Ogah. Their presence has sparked mixed reactions from the public. Some view them as helpful in maintaining traffic flow in the absence of traffic police, while others consider their actions to cause disturbances, traffic jams, and illegal levies. One of the most controversial actions is the forced opening of road barriers without proper authorization and outside the scheduled times, which violates Law Number 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation. This study addresses two main issues: the functionalization of criminal law against Supeltas (volunteer traffic controllers) who unlawfully open road barriers, and the policies of the traffic police (Polantas) regarding their presence. This research uses normative and empirical juridical methods, with data collected through literature studies and field interviews with four key informants. The findings reveal that such actions constitute legal violations that can jeopardize road safety and public order. Firm legal enforcement is essential, yet specific regulations concerning Supeltas are still lacking. This study recommends guidance and supervision by law enforcement, particularly traffic police, and the application of criminal sanctions in accordance with existing legal provisions.

This study examines the level of political participation among the populace and highlights the importance of elections as a key component of a democratic system. Scholars widely acknowledge that involvement in electoral processes serves as a primary indicator of how well a country has embraced the principle of social equality within the international framework. The study employed a mixed-method approach, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The quantitative instrument used was the Political Participation Attitude Scale (PPAS), while qualitative data were collected through the Focus Group Guide on Political Participation (FGGPP). The research posed and addressed three core research questions. The findings reveal that 57% of respondents did not actively participate in political activities. Gender was found to influence levels of engagement; 30% of male respondents and 13% of female respondents reported active involvement in political activities, while 38% of males and 12% of females consistently participated in voting. Furthermore, the survey indicated that a majority of respondents (53%) lacked trust in their political leaders. Based on these findings, the study recommends that Nigeria urgently adopt both formal and informal political education strategies to enhance civic awareness and participation. Additionally, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is encouraged to develop mechanisms that will ensure broader voter turnout in the upcoming 2015 general elections.

This research aims to analyse the effectiveness of differentiated instruction implementation in enhancing critical thinking character in Islamic Elementary School students in Makassar. The research employed a mixed-method approach with an embedded experimental design. The research sample consisted of 68 fourth and fifth-grade students from three Islamic Elementary Schools in Makassar, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, critical thinking ability tests, interviews, and documentation. Differentiated instruction was implemented for 12 weeks, considering variations in students' learning readiness, interests, and learning profiles. The results showed that: (1) the implementation of differentiated instruction was effective with an implementation rate of 87.5%; (2) there was a significant improvement in students' critical thinking abilities with an effect size of 0.82 (high category); (3) the three aspects of critical thinking that experienced the highest improvement were analyzing arguments, evaluating information, and drawing conclusions based on evidence; (4) success supporting factors included comprehensive lesson planning, school leadership support, teacher competence, and integration of Islamic values in the learning process. This research recommends the implementation of differentiated instruction as a strategy to develop students' critical thinking abilities while considering individual learning characteristics and needs.

This research aims to analyze students' learning difficulties  in solving mathematical problems, especially in mixed arithmetic operations at the elementary school level. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which collects and analyzes relevant previous research. The research results show that most students have difficulty in understanding questions and doing arithmetic operations, especially in the arithmetic operations section (90% of students have difficulties). Common mistakes include errors in concepts, procedures, and operations, caused by lack of understanding, inaccuracy, and confusion in the order of processing questions. Internal factors such as attitude and motivation as well as external factors such as ineffective teaching methods also affect this difficulty. This research suggests solutions in the form of improving arithmetic exercises, improving the understanding of basic mathematical concepts, using relevant learning media, as well as guidance and remedial for students with difficulties. A creative learning approach is needed to overcome this challenge.

This study investigates the use of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) with YouTube media to enhance listening skills and motivation among junior high school students. Conducted at SMP Negeri 3 Gresik, the research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data. The pre-experimental design assessed students' listening skills before and after a four-week intervention, while questionnaires captured their motivation levels. The findings reveal a significant improvement in students' listening comprehension, as evidenced by an increase in mean test scores from 48.00 in the pre-test to 79.33 in the post-test, with a p-value of 0.000 indicating statistical significance. Additionally, motivation levels improved, with students expressing heightened engagement and interest in the learning process. The integration of authentic and dynamic YouTube content within the PBL framework fostered a more interactive and engaging learning environment, addressing common challenges such as limited motivation and anxiety. The study concludes that the combination of PBL and YouTube media is an effective instructional strategy for enhancing listening skills and motivation in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. It offers practical insights for educators seeking innovative approaches to language instruction and underscores the importance of integrating technology into active learning methodologies.  

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in learning can serve as a tool for students to acquire knowledge. However, the understanding and use of AI in education still face various challenges. Some universities have started integrating AI learning into their curricula, but its implementation remains limited and uneven across different institutions. Additionally, the level of AI literacy among students in Indonesia is still relatively low. Adequate AI literacy is crucial for students to optimize the use of this technology without excessive dependence and to understand its ethical implications.This research aims to assess students' understanding of AI literacy and explore how AI literacy education can be integrated with the European model. A mixed-method approach is used in this study, combining quantitative research through questionnaires and qualitative research through interviews. The results indicate that students in Indonesia have a fairly good understanding of AI literacy. However, several challenges remain, including students' dependence on AI and ethical issues related to its use.Therefore, collaboration among various stakeholders, including universities, the government, and industry, is essential to enhance students' AI literacy skills. Efforts can include training programs, providing access to AI resources, and adopting AI-based learning models that have been implemented in Europe. Through these measures, it is expected that students' AI literacy will improve, supporting the advancement of technology-based education in Indonesia.

The development of digital technology has transformed how university students access and process information. Digital literacy has become an essential skill encompassing the ability to search for, evaluate, and effectively use information. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing university students' digital literacy, the role of technology in supporting these skills, and effective strategies that can be implemented to improve digital literacy in academic environments. The research method employed is a mixed-method approach with data collection techniques through digital questionnaires administered to 25 students from various majors, as well as a literature review from various sources. The results of the study show that 52% of students use the internet for more than six hours a day, 83.3% actively seek information daily, and 60% always verify information before sharing it. The main obstacles in improving digital literacy include limited access to digital learning resources (54.2%) and a lack of literacy training (54.2%). Proposed strategies to address these challenges include integrating digital literacy materials into the curriculum, organizing regular training and seminars, and optimizing the use of educational technology platforms. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that digital literacy is not just about technical skills but also involves critical thinking and filtering accurate information. Therefore, systematic efforts are needed from various parties, including universities, lecturers, and students, to create an academic environment that supports the optimal development of digital literacy.

This study aims to examine the implementation of a differentiated learning model in improving maritime English language competency among maritime college students in Indonesia. The background of this study is based on the maritime world's need for graduates with good English language competency, especially in professional and technical contexts. The approach used was a mixed method, namely a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods within a classroom action research framework implemented over two learning cycles. Data were collected through English language competency tests, observations, and in-depth interviews. The results showed a significant increase in all aspects of maritime English competency. The highest increase occurred in speaking skills at 44.38%, while the lowest increase was in maritime vocabulary comprehension at 30.25%. After the implementation of the differentiated learning model, 78.33% of students were in the "Good" and "Very Good" competency categories. Although in the initial stages of implementation there were challenges in students' adaptation to learning methods that differ from conventional learning, these obstacles were successfully overcome through a project-based learning strategy. This strategy is considered the most effective because it is able to provide an authentic context and approximate the real conditions in the maritime workplace. Thus, it can be concluded that the differentiated learning model has proven effective in improving students' maritime English language competency. This study recommends the broader implementation of similar models in English language learning programs at maritime institutions.

This study explores the development of integrated language skills assessment instruments for Korean as a foreign language (KFL) learners in higher education, addressing the need for tools that reflect real-world communicative demands. Grounded in theoretical frameworks such as Bachman and Palmer's Communicative Language Ability model[1] and Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory[2], the research employed a mixed-methods approach, including needs analysis[6], corpus studies, and pilot testing. The research process involved three primary phases: First, a comprehensive needs analysis was conducted among KFL instructors and students to identify assessment gaps and priorities. Second, authentic Korean language materials were collected to create a corpus that informed the development of contextualized assessment tasks. Finally, the instruments underwent rigorous pilot testing with 127 KFL students across three Indonesian universities.The developed assessment instruments integrate reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills through task-based scenarios that mirror authentic Korean language use contexts. These include collaborative problem-solving activities, multimedia-based comprehension tasks, and culturally situated role-plays. Statistical analysis demonstrated high inter-rater reliability (r=0.87) and construct validity when compared with established Korean proficiency measures.Results demonstrated the instruments' reliability, validity, and cultural relevance, fostering holistic skill development and promoting positive washback on teaching and learning practices. Implementation of these instruments led to significant improvements in students' integrated language performance and motivation. The study contributes to the field of Korean language assessment by providing empirically validated tools that bridge classroom learning with real-world language application in higher education contexts.

This study aims to analyze language errors found in public media such as banners, posters, and billboards in Medan City. The errors analyzed include morphological, phonological, syntactic, lexical, and spelling mistakes that do not align with the Indonesian Language Spelling System (PUEBI) and the Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI). The method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection through direct observation of public media in various locations in Medan City. The results show that language errors are generally caused by a lack of understanding of correct language rules, limited knowledge, and the use of everyday language mixed with colloquial or regional languages. The proposed solutions to address these issues are providing training for media creators, creating clearer language guidelines, and utilizing language technology for automatic spelling checks. The implications of this study are to raise public awareness about the importance of using proper and accurate Indonesian in public media, to support effective communication, and to avoid miscommunication.