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The superior horticultural commodity, namely starfruit, has great potential in increasing farmers' income, especially in the Langensari area, Banjar City. However, the need to increase household expenditure efficiency is a challenge that must be overcome. Thus, it is important to analyze how the profits and expenditure patterns of starfruit farmers' households in Langensari The method used in this study is the survey method and the analysis method used is income analysis and R/C ratio. The results of the study of the average profit per hectare of starfruit farming in Langensari District, Banjar City is IDR 103,536,510.30. With an R/C value of 3.19, it shows that it has a very high efficiency value. The pattern of household expenditure of farmers with a total average expenditure of IDR 3,016,394, which is divided into Household Needs of 77%, Education Expenditure of 21.3%, Health Costs of 1.73%, and PBB expenditure of 0.17%.

Penarukan Village, located in Tabanan Regency, is predominantly inhabited by communities engaged in freshwater fish farming, particularly Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The high demand for Nile tilapia in Tabanan and surrounding areas poses a challenge for farmers to manage the growth and development of the fish to ensure optimal quality. During the cultivation process, various issues arise that require effective solutions to support the sustainability of this sector. One of the main problems faced by fish farmers is related to the quality of biofloc pond water, which is still monitored using conventional methods. Poor water quality that does not meet the optimal living standards for Nile tilapia can hinder growth, reduce fish health, and negatively impact production yield. Manual monitoring methods are also prone to inaccuracy and complicate the data analysis process needed for effective decision-making.To address this issue, a technology-based solution has been proposed in the form of a real-time monitoring system using the “SI-NILA” mobile application integrated with a microcontroller-based Internet of Things (IoT) system. This system allows for continuous monitoring of pond water quality and automated pH control to maintain suitable conditions for fish growth. This innovation is expected to improve efficiency and effectiveness in fish farming practices, minimize the risk of crop failure, and promote the digital transformation of aquaculture in Penarukan Village, contributing to the sustainable development of the freshwater aquaculture sector.

Antutan Village faces soil fertility problems due to high acidity caused by the intensive use of chemical fertilizers without being balanced with organic matter. This has resulted in low agricultural productivity, especially in rice and cocoa crops. As an alternative solution that is environmentally friendly and economical, Jadam Liquid Fertilizer (JLF) was introduced to farmers through socialization and demonstration activities. This activity aims to increase farmers' understanding of the benefits of organic fertilizer in improving soil fertility and provide skills in the manufacture and application of JLF independently. The method used in this activity includes the delivery of material on the negative impact of excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the importance of microorganisms in the soil, and the technique of making JLF using local materials such as weeds, rice straw, and banana stump. Live demonstrations were conducted to show the fermentation process as well as how to apply JLF on farmland. Farmers were given the opportunity to actively participate in every stage of JLF production and application.The results showed a positive response from farmers who were interested in adopting this technology as an alternative to organic fertilizer. With this socialization and demonstration, it is expected that farmers can reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers and improve soil fertility in a sustainable manner. The application of JLF is expected to be the first step in the development of sustainable agriculture in Antutan Village.

The rapid advancement of technology is evidenced by numerous innovations that simplify human tasks, particularly in the agricultural sector. Various farming methods are offered to produce fruits and vegetables without using chemical pesticides. Hydroponic techniques have been implemented to maximize crop yields without the use of chemicals in the plant care process. The community in Barean Village, Ploso, Pacitan Regency still relies on conventional farming methods. Conventional farming methods, apart from requiring large areas, also have adverse environmental and health impacts due to the use of chemical pesticides. Farmer have to spend quite a lot of capital to provide large amounts of fertiliser to treat the plants in their fields. The results obtained from conventional farming methods are not worth the capital spent. Hydroponic farming metode is an agricultural method that uses water as a growing medium. This method is recognised as an environmentally friendly method, as it uses water and nutrient solutions as a substitute for nutrients found in soil. Autor introduces hydroponic cultivation methods to the public through a digital platform. People from all walks of life can learn farming techniques using the hydroponic method, as it is more visually appealing, and can be operated interactively. Hydroponic techniques can be effectively learned through this 2D interactive media, which provides comprehensive knowledge about the hydroponic method, equipment, materials, and proper cultivation methods. The final section of this interactive media features a simple quiz to assess knowledge for novice farmers. The design of 2D Interactive Based Hydroponic Farming Learning Media is expected to be an attraction for the community in the field of agriculture. The development of this 2D Interactive Hydroponic Farming Educational Media is intended to serve as a solution for hydroponic cultivation education, thereby maximizing agricultural productivity.

Oka Jamur Bali is one of the oyster mushroom cultivation farmers. Lack of efficiency in regulating temperature and humidity in mushroom barns is an important factor in the growth of mushroom fruiting bodies. This condition requires an innovative solution to regulate and monitor temperature and humidity in the barn area. This research aims to build a prototype using Arduino UNO, ESP32, DHT11, pump and Internet of Things (IoT) technology.  The monitoring system design uses Arduino UNO, NodeMCU ESP32, DHT11 and DC pump with 12V voltage. Arduino UNO functions as a control system to manage and control the temperature and humidity parameters of the mushroom barn environment with the DHT11 sensor used to accurately measure temperature and humidity. The combination of NodeMCU ESP32 and Arduino UNO aims for monitoring through the ThingSpeak platform which can be accessed with a smartphone connected to the internet network. Based on the results of the prototype of the automatic temperature and humidity control system, the system is able to measure the environmental conditions of the mushroom barn with humidity measurement results in the range of 79% - 82% and the average temperature during the test reached 29.35°C. The application of the system was able to reduce the temperature by 2.28% with an average temperature of 28.19°C and increase the relative humidity by 6.27% with an average humidity of 81.1% in the mushroom barn area. The results of income between the income generated by using the automatic temperature and humidity control system tool and the income of farmers without using the tool increased by Rp. 16,416.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the main challenges in the health sector in Indonesia, with a fairly high number of cases each year. This study aims to analyze the distribution of TB cases based on occupation and identify community groups that are at higher risk of spreading this disease. The data used in this study were obtained from estimates of the 2022 TB epidemiology report. The results of the analysis show that informal workers, such as laborers and traders, are the group with the highest number of TB cases, at 36.0%. This is followed by formal workers (21.6%), farmers/fishermen (17.3%), housewives (14.4%), students (6.5%), and unemployed or retired groups (4.2%). The high prevalence of TB in informal workers is caused by several factors, including an unhygienic work environment, limited access to health services, and unhealthy lifestyles. Based on these findings, a more effective strategy is needed in efforts to prevent and control TB, especially for groups with high levels of vulnerability. Health education, increasing access to health services, improving work environment sanitation, and early detection programs are important steps in reducing the spread of TB. With the right intervention, it is hoped that the number of TB cases in Indonesia can be reduced significantly.

This research develops a prototype of an automatic watering device based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and a soil moisture sensor to improve the efficiency of watering crops in agricultural fields. The main problem addressed is the consistency and efficiency of watering in large agricultural fields, where traditional management is prone to human error and inefficient water use. The developed prototype uses an ESP8266 microcontroller (NodeMCU) as the brain of the system connected to a Wi-Fi network, allowing remote monitoring and control via the Blynk application. A soil moisture sensor is used to detect soil conditions in real-time, triggering watering only when needed. This helps optimize water use and increase agricultural productivity sustainably. This research outlines the methodological steps from design, manufacturing, to implementation of the prototype in the field. Evaluation of the results shows that the system successfully regulates watering effectively based on soil conditions, with positive responses from farmers as end users.

Pineapple is one of Indonesia's top three fruit commodities in terms of production volume. In 2022, Indonesia became the world's largest pineapple producer. Pineapple production in Indonesia has fluctuated but has generally shown an increasing and stable trend from 2013 to 2023, with expectations of continued growth. This study aims to analyze the influence of production, the wholesale price index, exchange rates, and export prices on Indonesia's pineapple export volume from 2013 to 2023. This research utilizes secondary time-series data on a quarterly basis, analyzed using multiple linear regression and classical assumption tests. The results indicate that production, the wholesale price index, exchange rates, and export prices simultaneously influence Indonesia's pineapple export volume. Partially, production and exchange rates have a positive but statistically insignificant effect on export volume, while the wholesale price index and export prices have a negative yet statistically significant impact. These findings highlight the importance of policies that can reduce production costs to enhance the competitiveness of Indonesian pineapples in the international market. Through synergy between the government, exporters, and farmers, it is expected that Indonesia's pineapple exports will continue to grow sustainably.

This study examines the production costs and profitability of crab farming enterprises in Prapag Kidul Village, Brebes Regency. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and financial documentation from crab farmers. The research found that feed costs constitute the largest component of variable costs, accounting for 30% of total production costs. Financial analysis revealed favorable profitability levels with a Gross Profit Margin of 33%, Net Profit Margin of 24%, and Return on Investment of 30%. Factors significantly influencing profitability include cost management efficiency, market price fluctuations, crab quality, and access to capital. The findings suggest that systematic financial recording and cost management strategies are crucial for improving business sustainability and competitiveness in the crab farming sector.

Selo Village in Boyolali Regency is a center for dairy cattle farming and is also developing as a tourist village. However, most local residents still sell raw milk to middlemen without applying marketing strategies or product innovation. This community service activity aimed to provide education on the importance of dairy product marketing and to introduce innovative ideas based on local potential. The methods used included preliminary observation, open interviews, focus group discussions, interactive counseling, and evaluation through questionnaires and reflection. The activity involved 15 participants, including dairy farmers, homestay operators, café owners, and local youth. The results showed increased participant understanding of marketing strategies, tourism market opportunities, and the potential for milk processing. Most participants expressed interest in further training and began formulating product ideas such as yogurt, ice cream, and pasteurized milk. This program not only improved marketing literacy but also built motivation and collective awareness to develop independent businesses based on the village’s potential. Thus, the activity served as an initial step in promoting sustainable rural economic development.

Crab farming in Prapag Kidul Village has significant potential to support the local economy. However, challenges such as price fluctuations, capital limitations, and traditional marketing approaches hinder business growth. This research aims to analyze crab farming business management strategies using a strategic management approach, including planning, implementation, and evaluation of business strategies. The research employed a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and field observations. Results indicate that effective strategies include product diversification, digital marketing, cooperative partnerships, and financial management optimization. Synergy between crab farmers, government, and business stakeholders is necessary to enhance competitiveness and sustainability of the crab industry in this region. The study reveals that crab production in Prapag Kidul has increased by 31.6% over the past five years, while production value grew by 84.2%, demonstrating significant growth potential despite identified constraints in implementation.

The revitalization of coffee plantations is a strategic effort to enhance productivity and quality, particularly in Halmahera, which has favorable agroclimatic conditions. This study aims to analyze the implementation of revitalization programs and coffee cultivation practices adopted by the Permata Buli Farmers’ Cooperative in Geltoli Village, Maba District. A qualitative approach was used, involving field observations, interviews with farmers, and secondary data analysis related to coffee production and marketing. The results indicate that the adoption of sustainable farming techniques, such as selecting high-quality seedlings, agroforestry systems, and proper post-harvest management, contributes to increased productivity and coffee quality. Additionally, cooperative institutional support, access to capital, and government policies play significant roles in the success of coffee plantation revitalization. This study recommends optimizing farmer training, improving market access, and strengthening partnerships with the coffee processing industry to create a more sustainable and competitive coffee farming system.

The aim of this research is to find out what factors influence farmers to convert cocoa plantation land into oil palm plantations in Tinondo District, East Kolaka Regency. The sample used was 32 farmers. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. The research results can be concluded that the factors that cause the conversion of cocoa land to oil palm are the area of ​​cocoa land, farming experience, environmental factors and regulatory factors. Partially using the t test, cocoa land area with a significant value of 0.000, farming experience with a significant value of 0.000, environmental factors with a significant value of 0.025 and regulatory factors with a significant value of 0.000 in the positive direction and the calculated t value is greater than the t table shows that these variables has a significant influence and is the cause of farmers converting cocoa land into oil palm.

Tebes Lues Village, located in a mountainous area, holds great potential as a production center for high-quality Arabica coffee. Coffee products from this village have been recognized in various local and international markets, known for their distinctive aroma and unique taste. Nevertheless, the productivity and quality of coffee in Tebes Lues Village can still be improved through the improvement of more modern and targeted cultivation techniques, one of which is through the application of proper pruning and fertilization techniques. This study aims to look at the types of pruning and fertilization carried out in Tebes Lues village as an effort to increase Arabica coffee production. The research was conducted with descriptive method by making a questionnaire containing interview questions to get info from respondents (farmers) related. The results of this study obtained that the type of pruning done by tebes lues village farmers is production pruning and branch pruning (Bayonet) and treatment of roots by doing mechanical processing. Fertilizers used by farmers in an organic way are SS, Phoska, ZA and Urea while organic fertilizers used are coffee skin, livestock manure, coffee skin pulp. Coffee production increased for farmers who pruned and fertilized intensively and periodically.

Campuranom Village is located in Bansari District, Temanggung Regency, where the majority of the population are farmers. As a result, literacy and formal education for children are often overlooked. This article aims to explore the potential of library revitalization as a literacy facility for children in Campuranom Village. By combining theoretical and empirical analysis, this study employs the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method. The results indicate that the revitalization of the Campuranom Village Library was carried out through physical improvements, literacy program socialization, and evaluation. Physical improvements included cleaning the library, organizing books through labeling and categorization, and creating a reading corner to attract children's interest. Socialization was conducted to reintroduce the library’s function to the community, particularly schoolchildren. Evaluation was conducted at each stage to ensure the program’s effectiveness. As a result, children's visits to the library increased to 5-10 visitors per day, demonstrating a rise in reading interest. However, some challenges remain, such as poor ventilation making the library uncomfortably hot and its location on the second floor, which makes access difficult. Overall, the revitalization successfully enhanced the library’s appeal, though further improvements are needed in comfort and accessibility.

Agricultural tools are important for agrarian communities. However, for some people in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, very few people have businesses in the agricultural tools sector. In fact, this can be a promising business opportunity. Knowledge about making blacksmith agricultural tools is generally obtained from generation to generation. Some blacksmiths in Banyumas generally only produce agricultural tools such as kudi and work machetes, because the need for these tools never stops, is always needed by farmers or workers, and the equipment produced does not require high design, even tends to be monotonous because the main thing is its function as work equipment. That is why Science and Technology for the Community (IbM) was implemented at the Pandai Besi Kirso production house on November 6, 2025, as a method of increasing production. IbM was continued with training in techniques for selecting raw materials, making potions that can improve the quality of iron, and making a variety of new products with high quality both in terms of strength and aesthetics. It was identified that agricultural tool craftsmen generally (1) Have limitations in equipment, (2) Lack expertise in metal blending, (3) Lack of innovative product variations, not only quality but also unique ethnic ones and (4) Low management quality. The implementation of IbM is expected to be able to minimize the problems of agricultural tool craftsmen's businesses, so that the blacksmith craftsmen's community businesses can develop and have a positive impact on the existence of MSMEs in Banyumas Regency.

Livestock farmers in Besowo Village, a buffer zone of the Besowo Natural Reserve, rely heavily on forest resources, leading to potential environmental and social challenges. This study, conducted from August to October 2023 in Kediri Regency, Indonesia, employs a quantitative descriptive survey method with data collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis was performed using SWOT and QSPM to identify sustainable forest resource utilization strategies for livestock farming. Farmers utilize non-timber forest products, including Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott, various weeds, and tree leaves such as Swietenia mahagoni, sengon (Albizia chinensis), and mindi (Melia azedarach) for livestock feed. Timber forest products like Swietenia mahagoni, sengon, gembilina (Gmelina arborea), balsa (Ochroma grandiflorum), and salam (Syzygium polyanthum) are used for firewood and livestock pens. The SWOT analysis recommends sustainable strategies, including monitoring forest resource use, optimizing sharecropping land for forage planting, empowering farmers through conservation programs, and enhancing goat and sheep farming. The QSPM analysis emphasizes the importance of government and Perhutani support in ensuring sustainable forest resource utilization. Strengthening institutional collaboration and promoting agroforestry-based livestock farming could further enhance sustainability and reduce dependence on forest resources.

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production is very important to maintain food security and the Indonesian fisheries economy. Based on a literature study conducted from 2021 to 2024, this study aims to analyze the components that influence the productivity of tilapia cultivation. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various studies that discuss the technical, environmental, social, and economic aspects of tilapia cultivation. The results of the study indicate that government policies, fish density, feed, and water quality all affect the productivity of tilapia cultivation. In addition, there is evidence that advanced technologies such as biofloc systems and aquaculture transition systems (RAS) improve production efficiency and sustainability. This study provides suggestions for increasing productivity through optimal environmental management, use of appropriate technology, and policy support that supports farmers.

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of income and the amount of risk of Scallion farming and to describe the behavior of farmers in reducing the risk of onion farming in Konawe Regency. The study was conducted in 2023 at the onion production center in Linonggasay Village, West Wonggeduku District with a total sample of 20 farmers. The analysis used was income analysis and descriptive analysis of the risk level using the variation coefficient (%). The results showed that the average net income was IDR 12,788,000 per planting season. Scallion farming is included in the category of farming with a risk of less than 0.5, namely the use of equipment (0.05), the use of pesticides (0.13), and the use of labor in fertilization (0.32), while the rest have moderate risks, namely harvest labor (0.51), planting labor (0.59), seeds (0.64), fertilizer (0.72), and processing (0.90) and none in the high risk category. Some of the farmer behaviors carried out to reduce risk include: buying seeds from saprodi kiosks, controlling plant pests using chemical fertilizers, using recommended planting distances, utilizing labor from outside the village, and in the event of failure, taking savings to meet family needs.

This research is qualitative research with descriptive analysis, data collection techniques using interviews, observations, and documentation. The informants in the study included authorized officials consisting of the Head of the Community Empowerment and Village Government Office (DPMPD) of Mahakam Regency and the Head of the Food Security and Agriculture Service of Mahakam Regency. The data analysis technique uses Miles and Huberman interactive data analysis techniques. The results of the study show that BUMDES has an active role in Community Empowerment Through the Cattle Profit-Sharing Program in Mahakam Regency. This active role is carried out by providing facilities such as cow seeds, vitamins and cage making. The participatory role of BUMDES is carried out through awareness and socialization to the village community directly. The role of BUMDES in empowerment through the cattle profit-sharing program can increase income where those who used to only rely on as farm workers now with the cattle profit-sharing program managed by village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) can now raise their own cows. Obstacles to BUMDES in Community Empowerment Through the Profit-Sharing Program in Mahakam Regency include technical obstacles in maintenance, the existence of predators that attack livestock and fluctuations in the selling price of cattle. Another obstacle is the lack of knowledge of cattle farmers in the maintenance process, this is due to the lack of special training for cattle farmers.