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The development of information technology has encouraged transformation in the administration and implementation of the judicial system in Indonesia, including within civil procedural law. The civil justice process, which has traditionally relied on manual procedures as regulated in the HIR and RBg, faces several limitations such as lengthy procedures, relatively high costs, and limited access for justice seekers. To address these challenges, the Supreme Court introduced the e-court system as part of judicial modernization through the digitalization of case administration and court proceedings. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of e-court in realizing procedural justice within civil procedural law and to examine the relationship between the classical procedural provisions contained in HIR/RBg and the newer regulations governing electronic court administration. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches by examining legal provisions and the concept of procedural justice within the judicial system. The findings indicate that the implementation of e-court reflects a paradigm shift in civil procedural law from a formalistic system toward a more digital and administrative system that improves efficiency in case administration and accelerates dispute resolution. However, this transformation also raises questions regarding the harmonization of legal norms between the regulations governing electronic court systems and the traditional civil procedural rules. Nevertheless, the implementation of e-court has positive implications for the realization of the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost justice while also improving public access to more effective and efficient judicial services.

This research investigates transparency and accountability in the management of state-owned assets (BMN) at the East Java Regional Police's Logistics Bureau as a step toward enhancing effective, adaptive, and integrity-focused governance in police logistics. The research context arises from the growing public call for transparency and accountability in managing state assets, in line with policies for bureaucratic reform and digitalization in the police logistics framework. This study utilized a qualitative descriptive approach involving in-depth interviews, observations in the field, and analysis of documents. The results show that adopting a unified digital system has enhanced the efficiency of asset management, sped up inventory operations, and reduced the risks of asset misuse. Nonetheless, obstacles persist, such as restricted human resource capacity, data alignment problems, and inadequate performance-based assessments. The conversation emphasizes that effective asset management relies on the implementation of adaptive governance, motivation for public service, and precise performance assessment systems. The research indicates that the integration of digital innovation, professional skills, and a robust commitment to public accountability is crucial for creating transparent and sustainable governance in police logistics

Implementing REST in modern applications, security will be a key foundation for its development because the REST architecture requires communication between servers. In this study, we will enhance REST request security by using SHA-1 tokens and the Keccak algorithm. Tokens are the access keys for making requests. The token generation process is carried out on the server; the client will generate a token, and the server will return a valid token. This valid token can be used to request data from the server. Adding a token will impact the security and speed of REST. The token will be verified by the server and declared valid. If valid, the server will return the data; otherwise, the server will send an error message. Compared to using a token, data security is more assured. Furthermore, adding a token parameter will increase the token verification process, thus increasing the number of processes, which will impact speed. The results of this test show that server data security is better maintained and more secure compared to using a token, because anonymous users cannot access the data. The API access speed without a token is 48.8 milliseconds, while using a SHA-1 token is 62.3 milliseconds, and the Keccak algorithm is 58.9 milliseconds. The time efficiency reduction for implementing the SHA-1 token algorithm is 27.67% or 13.5 milliseconds, and the Keccak algorithm is 26.6% or 10 milliseconds.

This internship program aims to find out the important role of management accountability in controlling operational costs to improve financial performance in savings and loan cooperatives of Bahtera Sejahtera Credit Union.The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation,interviews,and documentation. The role of management accounting in controlling operational costs to improve financial performance in the Bahtera Sejahtera Maumere Credit Union savings and loan cooperative,it can be concluded that management accounting has a very important role in supporting management decision-making.Through the application of management accounting,cooperatives can plan,control,and evaluate operational costs more effectively and efficiently. Controlling operational costs through budgeting,cost analysis,and internal financial reporting can help management identify cost wastage and improve resource use efficiency.This has a positive impact on the financial performance of cooperatives,which is reflected in increased operational effectiveness and financial stability. Thus,the implementation of good management accounting in the Bahtera Sejahtera Maumere Credit Union savings and loan cooperative can be a strategic tool in improving financial performance and supporting the sustainability and growth of the cooperative can be a strategic tool in improving financial performance and supporting the sustainability and growth of the cooperative in the future

The coal loading and unloading process is a crucial stage in maritime operational activities that requires effective coordination among vessel crews, stevedoring companies (PBM), and supporting service providers such as tugboats and cargo handling equipment. This study aims to analyze the implementation of coal loading and unloading operations using the ship-to-ship (STS) method on TB. ESA III by PBM PT. Adi Guna Putera Pangkalan Susu. The research employed field observation and library research methods to obtain relevant and accurate data. The results indicate that the ship-to-ship coal handling operation conducted by PBM PT. Adi Guna Putera Pangkalan Susu improves loading and unloading time efficiency, minimizes the risk of distribution delays, and enhances communication and coordination among involved parties. However, several technical challenges were identified, including adverse weather conditions, equipment limitations, and inadequate crew understanding of STS procedures. These constraints require mitigation through improved training programs, regular equipment maintenance, and strengthened occupational safety measures. Overall, the ship-to-ship coal handling method provides a positive contribution to the effectiveness of energy distribution, provided that it is supported by competent human resources and adequate operational facilities.

High-quality ship agency services are a key element in enhancing customer satisfaction and competitiveness within both national and international shipping sectors. This study aims to identify effective strategies for improving the quality of agency services at PT. Trans Shipping Agency Batam. The research methodology employed includes field research through direct observation and discussions, as well as library research using relevant books and journals as references. The findings indicate that PT. Trans Shipping Agency Batam has implemented strategies focused on service quality, managing ship owner expectations, and providing transparent evidence of service. Although operations are generally well-executed, certain obstacles persist, such as delays in the clearance in/out process caused by administrative complexity and inter-agency coordination. Recommended development strategies include enhancing human resource competencies, strengthening coordination among port authorities (Quarantine, Immigration, Customs, and Harbor Master), and optimizing information systems to monitor vessel schedules in real-time. More intensive coordination is expected to minimize operational constraints and drive service efficiency within the maritime industry.

This study analyzes the concept of al-Kasb in the view of Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani and assesses the relationship between this concept and contemporary work ethics. With the changes in the modern economic system, which emphasize efficiency, objective rationality, and the achievement of optimal results, various ethical conflicts in the professional and business world have become more apparent. The methodology applied in this study is a literature review with a descriptive-analytic approach, through the analysis of classical and contemporary texts to explore the theological, ethical, and social aspects contained in the concept of al-Kasb, and then conceptually compare it with the characteristics of modern work ethics. The findings of this study show that al-Kasb is not only understood as an economic activity aimed at accumulating wealth, but also as a normative guide that integrates the goals of worship, ethical responsibility, and social obligations in the production process. Work activities are viewed as an individual responsibility that supports the practice of worship and as a collective responsibility to maintain social-economic welfare and harmony. Therefore, al-Kasb provides an integrative ethical foundation that has the potential to enrich and strengthen current work ethics by emphasizing values of integrity, justice, and social responsibility in the economic aspects of life.

This paper was written with the aim of analyzing the role of stevedoring workers (TKBM) in loading and unloading activities carried out by the Loading and Unloading Company (PBM) FT. Gelora Perkasa Belawan. In collecting data, the author utilized two approaches, namely field research and library research. Labor efficiency is a key factor in increasing operational productivity in the port sector, however, various problems are often found such as delays, low productivity, and work inefficiencies caused by weak monitoring and performance monitoring systems. In this study, a qualitative approach was used through field methods and library methods, on the operational activities of TKBM in the company. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of structured work and periodic evaluations can improve work discipline, accelerate loading and unloading times, and reduce operational costs. In addition, the role of management in providing constructive feedback and periodic training has also proven effective in supporting labor efficiency. Thus, optimizing the role of TKBM will have a direct impact on improving the performance of PBM PT. Gelora Perkasa Belawan, which ultimately contributes to the smooth flow of goods and economic growth in the Belawan port area.

This study aims to evaluate the performance of digital information systems, including websites and mobile applications, used by national expedition companies in Indonesia, using standardized technical indicators from Google Web.dev. This research employs a descriptive and evaluative approach with purposive sampling. The research objects comprise five major national expedition companies: JNE, J&T Express, SiCepat, Pos Indonesia, and Lion Parcel. The evaluation is conducted using four main indicators: Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, and Search Engine Optimization (SEO). The results indicate that, in general, the digital information systems of national expedition companies function adequately; however, there are notable performance variations among companies, particularly in terms of loading speed and mobile performance. Pos Indonesia demonstrates the most balanced overall performance, while several other companies require further optimization, especially in performance efficiency and SEO. This study contributes to the literature by providing an objective technical evaluation of expedition information systems and offering practical recommendations to improve digital service quality, enabling faster, more secure, and more responsive logistics services in a highly competitive industry.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the implementation of accounting standards and digital technology in improving financial performance at the Savings and Loan cooperative KSP. Kopdit Sube Huter. The background of the study is based on the importance of accountable, transparent, and relevant financial reports as a basis for decision-making, especially in Savings and Loan cooperatives that manage member funds. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation during the internship at KSP. Kopdit Sube Huter. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of accounting standards although still using SAK ETAP and in the transition stage to SAK EP, is able to improve the order and comparability of financial reports. In addition, the use of digital technology through the SIKOPDIT system plays a role in increasing the efficiency of transaction recording, the accuracy of financial data, and the timeliness of financial report preparation. The impact of the implementation of accounting standards and digital technology is reflected in the improvement in the cooperative’s financial performance, as indicated by the growth in the number of members and the increase in Net Operating income (SHU) during the 2021-2024 period. Thus, the implementation of appropriate accounting standards and the synergistic use of digital technology have been proven to contribute positively to the financial performance of KSP. Kopdit Sube Huter.

Industrial development in Indonesia has significantly contributed to national economic growth; however, it also poses potential risks of environmental pollution when corporate waste management is not conducted properly. Environmental pollution resulting from corporate waste activities may cause harm to surrounding communities, including health problems, ecosystem degradation, as well as material and immaterial losses. In this context, the class action mechanism serves as a relevant legal instrument to collectively advocate for the rights of affected communities. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the class action mechanism in environmental pollution cases based on Decision Number 29/Pdt.G/2023/PN.Skh and to evaluate its effectiveness in providing legal protection and restoring the rights of affected communities. This research employs normative legal research using statute approach, case approach, and conceptual approach. The findings indicate that the class action mechanism in the aforementioned decision fulfilled the requirements of numerosity, commonality, typicality, and adequacy of representation as regulated under Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) Number 1 of 2002. Procedurally, the class action proved effective in enhancing access to justice, ensuring judicial efficiency, and strengthening the protection of the constitutional right to a good and healthy environment. However, its substantive effectiveness remains dependent on the fulfillment of formal requirements, the quality of evidence presented, and the consistent application of environmental law principles by judges. Therefore, the class action mechanism constitutes an important instrument in environmental law enforcement, yet it requires consistent regulatory support and judicial practice to achieve optimal ecological justice.

This research benchmarks multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms for large-scale loan default prediction using a real-world dataset of 255,000 borrower records, where default cases represent only ~9–12% of total observations. The study addresses the persistent gap in comparative analyses of ML models that balance predictive accuracy, interpretability, and computational efficiency for credit risk assessment. Six algorithmic families were evaluated Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Stacked Ensemble—using standardized preprocessing, hybrid imbalance handling (SMOTE, class weighting, under-sampling), and comprehensive evaluation metrics (AUC, F1, Recall, Precision, PR-AUC, and Brier Score). Empirical results show Logistic Regression achieved the highest AUC of 0.732, outperforming nonlinear models under the baseline configuration, while LightGBM attained perfect recall (1.0) but low precision (0.116), indicating over-prediction of defaults. Gradient boosting models demonstrated robust calibration (Brier ≈ 0.114–0.116) and the best computational efficiency, with LightGBM showing the fastest training and lowest memory use. CatBoost exhibited strong recall but the slowest computation, and ANN underperformed on tabular data (AUC ≈ 0.56). The Stacked Ensemble delivered balanced results with AUC = 0.664 and improved overall stability. These findings confirm that boosting-based models, particularly LightGBM and CatBoost, offer superior scalability and calibration, whereas Logistic Regression remains a valuable interpretable baseline. The study concludes that effective default prediction requires integrating rebalancing, calibration, and threshold optimization to enhance recall and operational deployment reliability in large-scale credit ecosystems.

This research aims to design an Information Systems and Information Technology (IS/IT) strategic plan for Wyndham OPI Hotel Palembang to support operational efficiency and enhance the quality of five-star hotel services. The study applies the Ward and Peppard framework, supported by analytical methods including Value Chain,PEST,SWOT,Critical Success Factors (CSF), MOST and McFarlan Strategic Grid. Through these approaches, the current IS/IT condition, challenges, and opportunities for digital system development within the hotel environment were mapped. The analysis reveals that although the hotel has implemented technologies such as SiteMinder and the Rhapsody management system, there is a need to improve self-service check-in capabilities, strengthen IT infrastructure, and maximize digital technology utilization. The proposed strategy recommends the development of an integrated self check-in system, enhancement of network infrastructure, and employee training through an LMS platform. This strategic plan is expected to support the hotel’s digital transformation to remain competitive in the modern hospitality industry.

This study investigates the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, specifically ChatGPT and Jenni AI, in supporting academic integrity through accurate citation generation. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, the research involved 30 undergraduate students who evaluated AI-generated citations using Fishman’s (2014) Academic Integrity Theory and Smith’s (2020) Citation Accuracy Framework. Data were collected through questionnaires assessing students’ perceptions of reliability, ethical responsibility, and accuracy in AI-assisted citation practices. Quantitative analysis revealed that Honesty and Accountability were the most dominant values (22.58% each), followed by Fairness and Respect (19.35% each), Trust (12.90%), and Courage (3.23%). Qualitative findings showed that students recognized AI’s potential to enhance writing efficiency but emphasized the need for human verification to ensure factual correctness and ethical compliance. Comparatively, Jenni AI demonstrated greater consistency and citation verification than ChatGPT, which exhibited more frequent fabrication and inaccuracy. The study concludes that while AI tools can enhance academic productivity, maintaining academic integrity still requires critical human oversight, ethical awareness, and adherence to scholarly honesty and accountability.

This study aims to analyze the influence of digitalization on the lifestyles of students at Universitas Nasional Pasim. The research employs a quantitative approach through field survey methods, targeting a population of 123 students from the Faculty of Economics, Class of 2025. A minimum sample size of 56 respondents was determined using the Slovin formula. The sampling technique utilized was purposive sampling, while data analysis involved validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple regression analysis to determine the relationships between variables. Empirical results indicate that digitalization has a positive and significant influence on student lifestyles, with the F-calculated value exceeding the F-table at the specified level of significance. The R-Square value further explains the contribution of the digitalization variable to changes in the respondents' lifestyles. The findings reveal positive impacts such as increased academic efficiency, instant access to information, and the convenience of transactions through practical digital payment systems. Conversely, negative impacts identified include a rise in consumptive behavior driven by cashless and paylater features, where student budgets are increasingly used for non-academic purposes. Furthermore, high intensity of social media usage triggers the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) phenomenon and a decline in real-world social interaction. In conclusion, digitalization is a pivotal factor in shaping modern student lifestyles. It is essential to enhance financial literacy and strengthen self-control to minimize the negative impacts of technology in the future.

This study is motivated by the development of digital technology, which has driven a transformation in the learning paradigm from conventional models to more flexible, interactive, and innovative technology-based learning. Changes in student characteristics in the digital era require adaptive learning strategies that are able to improve both the efficiency of the learning process and learning outcomes. This study aims to describe and analyze digital learning strategies in enhancing learning efficiency and their impact on student achievement. The research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review by examining various relevant scientific sources related to the concepts, characteristics, implementation, and impacts of digital learning. The data were analyzed using content analysis techniques to produce a systematic conceptual framework. The findings indicate that systematically designed digital learning strategies can improve conceptual understanding through interactive content delivery, strengthen students’ motivation and independent learning, and enhance retention and learning mastery. Learning efficiency is reflected in flexible access, time optimization, and technology-based assessment. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as limited infrastructure and digital literacy. Therefore, careful planning and the improvement of digital competencies are necessary to ensure that digital learning can be implemented effectively and sustainably in improving the quality of education.

Abstract: One of the most common harmful bacteria, particularly in hospitals, is Pseudomonasaeruginosa, which is also the most frequent cause of wound infections. Because it leads to antibioticresistance and persistent infections, one of the most significant virulence factors it produces isbiofilm. The goal of the current study is to prevent P. aeruginosa isolates from wound patients fromforming biofilms by using plantaricin, which is a peptide with broad-spectrum antibiotic generated byLactobacillus plantarum. In order to produce plantaricin, so that Lactobacillus plantarum isolates from rawbuffalo milk were screened. The plantaricin was then purified using ammonium salts and a gelfiltration column, with a final 40% recovery. The isolates of P. aeruginosa with more production tobiofilm from wound infections were tested for the inhibitory impact of pure plantaricin. The resultsshowed that the plantaricin reduced the development of biofilms in a dose-dependent manner, with alarger percentage of biofilm inhibition reaching 46–68% at 150 µg/ml.

This study aims to analyse the role of digital literacy of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in supporting the implementation of smart cities and improving the quality of public services in the Sorong City Regional Secretariat. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach, through in-depth interviews with structural officials within the Sorong City Secretariat. The results of the study show that the level of digital literacy of civil servants is still varied and greatly influenced by the duties and functions of the position, generational background, and the intensity of the use of digital technology in daily work. The implementation of the smart city concept in Sorong City has not been fully optimal due to limited infrastructure, readiness of human resources, budget support, and coordination between regional apparatus organisations. Nevertheless, digitalisation has had a positive impact on the efficiency of public services, especially in the aspects of administration, transparency, and ease of access to information for the public. This study also found that the success of digital governance is highly determined by the commitment of regional leaders, internal policies that support the digital capacity building of civil servants, and continuous training and mentoring. Therefore, strengthening the digital literacy of civil servants is a strategic and sustainable priority policy to support the development of smart cities and digital public services that are effective, inclusive, and accountable in Sorong City.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a fundamental pillar of the Indonesian economy, but their potential is often hampered by the digital divide, especially in rural areas. The Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) initiative is a way for the government to encourage digital transformation and make payments more accessible to everyone. This article aims to document and analyse the process and impact of a community service programme that facilitated the adoption of QRIS among 10 MSMEs in Pematang Tengah Village, Tanjung Pura Sub-district. This activity used the Community-Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) method, which emphasises active collaboration between the service team and MSME partners. The process included participatory planning, collaborative action in the form of intensive training and mentoring, and joint evaluation. The results showed that all 10 MSME partners successfully adopted and used QRIS for daily transactions. The significant benefits included increased transaction efficiency, improved financial record-keeping, and a more modern business image. The main challenges identified were initial doubts about the technology and unstable internet connectivity, which were successfully mitigated through personalised mentoring based on trust. It was concluded that the CBPAR (Community-Based Participatory Action Research) method is a highly effective framework for implementing technological innovation in rural MSME communities because it not only addresses technical skill gaps but also builds crucial social capital such as trust and digital confidence.

Economic empowerment of rural communities through the strengthening of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is a crucial pillar in achieving national economic independence. One of the fundamental obstacles faced by MSMEs in rural areas is financial exclusion due to low digital literacy and dependence on conventional cash transaction systems. The Community Service Program (KKN) of students from the State Islamic University of North Sumatra (UIN SU) in Pematang Tengah Village was designed to bridge this gap by optimizing the Indonesian Standard Quick Response Code (QRIS). Through an intensive participatory mentoring approach, students acted as agents of digital transformation who educated, trained, and facilitated 10 local MSME actors in adopting non-cash payment technology. The results of the program show a significant shift from digital skepticism to digital trust. The implementation of QRIS has been proven to increase operational efficiency, financial management accuracy, and strengthen the image of business modernity in the eyes of consumers. This article emphasizes that the role of students is not merely as information deliverers, but as catalysts of social capital that is crucial for the sustainability of digitalization at the village level.