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The Nurul Ikhlas Mosque, also known as Surau Parak Mujua, located in Pakan Akek, Jorong Kajai, Nagari Koto Baru, Solok Regency, is an important center of religious and social activities for the local community. In June 2023, the mosque suffered a major fire that destroyed the entire structure, creating an urgent need to redesign it to be more functional, ergonomic, efficient, and adaptable to local conditions. This community service project aimed to produce an architectural design that not only met structural and functional needs but also accommodated the social aspirations and cultural values of the local community. The methods used in this project included field observations to understand the community's conditions and needs, participatory discussions with local community leaders to explore aspirations and hopes, technical drawings using AutoCAD software, and structural analysis using ETABS to ensure the building's earthquake resistance. Ergonomics were a key consideration in this design, encompassing circulation flow, room dimensions, natural ventilation, and the selection of materials that were friendly and safe for the elderly, children, and people with disabilities. The output of this activity is a variety of design documents, including floor plans, elevations, building sections, floor plans, columns and beams, and 3D visualizations that can be used as a guide for phased construction. This program demonstrates the importance of collaboration between universities and the community in responding to post-disaster infrastructure needs. This knowledge-based, participatory approach is expected to produce a final design that is appropriate to real needs and the local context, and supports better and more sustainable post-disaster recovery.

Museums as cultural preservation institutions have the responsibility to convey information about collections in an informative manner to the public. One of the historical events displayed at the Brawijaya Museum is Operation Trident in 1968. This research aims to design collection labels as an effective communication medium by considering aspects of archive classification, material selection, label design, and information readability. The method used is action research which is carried out through the planning and action stages. The label is designed using Art Paper material with a combination of black-and-white colors and Times New Roman fonts. This research not only emphasizes the aesthetic aspect, but also pays attention to the functional aspect in conveying messages to visitors. The label design process is carried out by paying attention to the suitability between historical content and the form of visual presentation, so that information can be conveyed in a concise, clear, and interesting manner. Effectiveness evaluation was carried out through the EPIC model approach to 105 respondents, including empathy, persuasion, impact, and communication indicators. The results of the study showed that the label was designed to be very effective as a communication medium for museums with high scores on all four indicators. The implication of this research is to improve the visitor experience in understanding the historical value of collections and the efficiency of archive management in the museum environment. In addition, the design of this label can be a reference for other museums in developing information media based on a visual communication approach that is right on target. Thus, the museum serves not only as a repository of artifacts, but also as an interactive and communicative educational center. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of integration between information technology and visual communication strategies in the management of modern museums. The use of professionally designed labels based on the results of empirical evaluation contributes to the improvement of the image of museum institutions in the eyes of the public. It is hoped that this approach can encourage museums to be more innovative in creating participatory learning experiences, especially for the younger generation.

Improvement amount Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks in cloud infrastructure and edge computing demands solution adaptive, distributed, and efficient detection in a way computing. Research This propose an optimized Federated Learning (FL) based DDoS detection model using Centroid Opposition-Based Bacterial Colony Optimization (COBCO) to training the Elman Neural Network (ENN). The proposed architecture consists of of two components Main: on the edge node side, a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network–Gated Recurrent Unit (CNN–GRU) model is used to extraction feature local from traffic data network, while on the server side, model parameters from each node are collected and used for training an optimized ENN with COBCO. Approach This aim increase accuracy detection at a time maintain efficiency local data communication and privacy. In progress experimental, model tested use three benchmark datasets: NSL-KDD, CICIDS2017, and CICDDoS2019. The preprocessing process includes feature encoding categorical, normalization numeric, class balancing using SMOTE, as well as validation cross (k-fold). Initial results show that combination of FL, CNN–GRU, and COBCO–ENN produces improvement significant in accuracy and time convergence compared to approach conventional such as PSO, GA, and non- federative models. In addition, the proposed model capable maintain performance detection tall although executed in edge environment with limitations source Power.  Study This give contribution important in development system scalable, privacy-preserving, and adaptive intelligent DDoS detection to dynamics Then cross modern network. Integration of FL and COBCO in ENN training shows potential big for used in implementation real in cloud-edge infrastructure. In addition, the proposed model demonstrates strong scalability and adaptability, making it highly suitable for dynamic and evolving network environments.

The rapid expansion of Indonesia’s digital economy and the enactment of the Personal Data Protection Law (Law 27/2022) have exposed significant shortcomings in the resolution of data-related disputes under existing judicial and administrative frameworks. Public adjudication of sensitive data conflicts can erode trust, impose reputational damage, and delay reparative outcomes, while courts often lack specialized expertise in technology and privacy. Drawing upon international precedents including the European Data Protection Board’s Article 65 GDPR mechanism, the EU–US Data Privacy Framework arbitration annex, and the European Patent Office’s data-protection arbitration rules this study examines the urgency and feasibility of establishing a dedicated Data Dispute Arbitration Forum in Indonesia. Through comparative analysis, it identifies core design elements such as expert-appointed tribunals, streamlined online procedures, confidentiality safeguards, clear enforcement under the New York Con-vention, and mechanisms for restorative remedies beyond fines. Anchored in Pancasila’s social-justice ethos and Indonesia’s ADR law (Law 30/1999) and ITE Law, the proposed institutional architecture integrates online dispute resolution (ODR) protocols, data-minimization and cybersecurity guidelines, and publicly anonymized award publication to foster legal certainty and raise awareness of data-protection obligations. A stakeholder impact assessment demonstrates that such a forum would benefit individual data subjects through low-cost, expeditious relief; controllers and processors through predictability and trade-secret protection; regulators through expert findings; and foreign investors through alignment with global data-governance standards. By aligning domestic legal values with international best practices, the specialized forum promises to bolster enforcement, restore public trust, and strengthen Indonesia’s competitiveness in the global digital marketplace.

Inactive archives are archives that are used infrequently but still have administrative, legal, or historical value, so they must be maintained properly. Management of inactive archives is important so that the stored information is maintained, easily found when needed, and does not cause accumulation that disrupts the efficiency of storage space. This study aims to describe in detail the management of inactive financial archives at the Population and Civil Registration Office (Dispendukcapil) of Malang City and identify the obstacles encountered in the process. The study used a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through direct observation of the archive room, interviews with archive management officers, and document reviews related to management procedures. The results showed that the number of inactive financial archives managed reached 13.4 linear meters. The management process includes the stages of transferring archives from work units to archival units, identifying the type and period of archives, position adjustment maneuvers, data input into a simple system, numbering, storage in archive boxes, labeling, and arranging boxes on storage shelves. Although the management procedures are running, the study found a major obstacle in the form of the absence of an Archive Retention Schedule (JRA) specifically for financial archives. This prevents the archives reduction process from being carried out legally and in a planned manner, resulting in a buildup of archives, which reduces storage capacity and potentially makes information retrieval difficult. This study recommends the development of a Financial Archives Retention Schedule (JRA) specifically for financial archives that complies with statutory provisions and agency needs, so that the reduction process can be carried out systematically, efficiently, and accountably. The implementation of the JRA is also expected to improve the effectiveness of archives management and support public service performance at the Malang City Population and Civil Registration Office (Dispendukcapil).

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Value Added Tax (VAT) calculation, payment, and reporting at PT. PMP during the 2023 tax year. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through interviews, direct field observations, and documentation studies of the company's tax archives and financial reports. The main focus of the study is to determine the extent of the company's compliance with tax regulations issued by the Directorate General of Taxes. The results show that PT. PMP has carried out its tax obligations in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, including the use of the e-Faktur application for issuing electronic tax invoices and e-Filing for reporting VAT Periodic Tax Returns. In the VAT calculation process, the company systematically classifies output and input tax invoices. However, several conditions of overpayment and underpayment were found due to the dynamic variation between output and input VAT, especially in transactions involving discounts and sales returns. Tax payments were generally made on time through the online billing system, although there was a two-day delay in one tax period due to internal administrative constraints. While reporting is consistent each month, several input errors due to human error were still found, such as incorrectly entered Tax Invoice Serial Numbers (NSFP) or transaction values. These errors were then corrected through the Periodic Tax Return correction mechanism. Overall, the company has demonstrated a strong commitment to fulfilling its tax obligations, but improvements are still needed, particularly in coordination between tax divisions, data validation prior to reporting, and increasing human resource capacity in utilizing the tax information system.

Classification codes are an important instrument in the management and storage of archives, serving as a guide to facilitate the retrieval of archives quickly, precisely, and accurately. Classification codes can be letters, numbers, or a combination of both. At the Surabaya Industrial Training Center (BDI), a classification code system has been applied in the filing process. However, as the volume of archives increases every year, there has never been a thorough evaluation to ensure their suitability with the development of existing types of archives and the demands of modern administration. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the classification codes used in BDI Surabaya, especially in supporting the process of rediscovery of archives. The research method used is a descriptive method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and field documentation conducted for three months. The results of the study show that the classification code structure at BDI Surabaya is adequate to the tertiary level and facilitates the process of rediscovering old archives. However, the existing system has not accommodated some new types of archives, such as student internship archives and business incubator archives. This classification gap results in delays and inaccuracies in the grouping of archives. In addition, the increase in the average archive volume of 34.7% per year further emphasizes the urgency of updating the classification system to be in line with the development of organizational needs. In conclusion, it is necessary to improve the classification code by adding the PP.03.19 subcode for student internship archives and DL.16 code for business incubator archives. It is also necessary to prepare new SOPs, update the archive list format, and train archivists to improve the effectiveness of archive management.

The Umayyad Dynasty (661–750 AD) was the first Islamic dynasty to implement a hereditary monarchy and played a significant role in the massive expansion of Islamic rule. After the end of the Caliphate, power passed to Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan, who founded the dynasty and moved the center of government to Damascus. This study aims to examine the political, social, economic, and religious dynamics during the Umayyad Dynasty through qualitative methods and a literature review approach. The results of the study indicate that the success of the Umayyad expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east was driven by solid military strength, intelligent diplomatic strategies, and an established government administration system. In the economic aspect, the Umayyad Dynasty developed a taxation and currency system that supported the country's financial stability. Infrastructure such as roads, postal services, and communication systems were also improved to support connectivity between regions. In the social and cultural fields, interactions between various ethnicities and religions encouraged the development of science, art, literature, and architecture, including the emergence of a distinctive Islamic architectural style. However, the unequal social system between Arabs and non-Arabs (mawali), as well as discrimination within the government, fueled public dissatisfaction. Furthermore, sectarian conflict between Sunnis and Shiites exacerbated the domestic political situation. Inequities in the distribution of power, nepotism, and authoritarianism were the main causes of the weakening of support for the Umayyad government. Ultimately, this dynasty collapsed after being overthrown by the Abbasid Dynasty in 750 CE. This study emphasizes that the success of a government is greatly influenced by just leadership, an inclusive government system, and the ability to respond adaptively to socio-political challenges.

The increasing vulnerabilities of modern enterprise network security systems highlight the necessity of adopting a more comprehensive and adaptive security approach than traditional VPN infrastructures. This study explores the design and implementation of Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) using the Cloudflare platform at PT FHI, focusing on addressing the weaknesses caused by uncontrolled remote access and legacy security models. The research adopts an experimental methodology based on the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC), which includes systematic phases such as needs analysis, architectural design, system implementation, testing, and performance evaluation. Data were collected through structured interviews with IT managers and security specialists, direct observation of network logs, and comprehensive testing involving three different categories of end users. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in role-based access control, granular authentication, and the elimination of unrestricted access to internal resources. Additionally, real-time monitoring and alerting features available through the Cloudflare dashboard enhance visibility and responsiveness to potential threats. The implemented system successfully applies the “never trust, always verify” principle by blocking unauthorized access attempts, enforcing continuous validation, and producing detailed audit logs. Performance evaluation results confirm stable connections, acceptable latency for critical business applications, and an overall improvement in network security posture while maintaining operational productivity across departments..

Photo archives contain recordings of events/ people/ objects/situations or other things that provide various information values. Although not all photos are called archives, in reality, many photos are currently useful as archives that are important records for individuals/private organizations and the government. Photo archives are different from textual archives. Photo archives are able to explain a comprehensive picture of the images they contain. Although photo archives are useful as a means of proof, a memory for the future, not many individuals/private organizations or the government manage photo archives properly, because the assessment of photos as archives still has no standard, so that the management of photo archives is still sectoral. This study uses the literature review method, conducting analysis based on information obtained from books, previous research and other references. Data was collected by tracing topics that were relevant to this study, so that it could be analyzed and drawn conclusions. The results of the analysis stated that the management of photo archives is important, not only for the present but also for the future. Photo archives as evidence are able to record information according to the time of the incident, unlike textual archives which are compiled after the event occurs. However, with the vulnerable nature of photo archives, it requires good maintenance and regular maintenance. It requires expertise and people who understand the information content in photos, so that they will not be wrong in assessing photos as archives.

Growth rapid computing cloud, especially on academic, government, and service platforms. public, has trigger improvement frequency and complexity Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Intelligent DDoS attacks AI based capable copy pattern Then cross user valid, so that difficult detected and mitigated. The majority approach mitigation moment This nature reactive, no scalable, and tends to sacrifice availability service for authorized users. Research​ This aiming develop architecture proactive and adaptive defense​ For ensure continuity service during attack ongoing. Security model proposed hybrid​ integrating Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), adaptive bandwidth control, and isolation service container -based. Architecture consists of from three layer Main: (1) ZTA Policy Engine which performs verification identity and assessment behavior through tokens and policies intelligent; (2) Adaptive Bandwidth Load Balancer which automatically dynamic separate and arrange Then cross based on reputation and level trust ; and (3) Containerized Service Cluster which groups request to in different containers For user trusted and not known . Components addition such as blockchain -based smart contracts are used For recording request and verification access , as well as lightweight AI module used for profiling then cross in real-time. Simulation results show that this model succeed increase availability service for user trusted during attack , press false positive rate , as well as optimize allocation source power. Integration of zero trust policies with intelligence Then cross and segmentation service in real-time forming framework effective and scalable defense​ to modern DDoS threats . In conclusion , the study This contributes a robust , adaptive , and modular architectural model for maintain continuity cloud services in condition network at risk .

Welding is one of the most essential metal joining processes in manufacturing, construction, and industrial applications, where Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) remains widely used due to its flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and ability to be applied in various welding positions. This study aims to analyze the effect of welding position variations on the mechanical properties of SS400 steel, particularly in terms of tensile strength, bending strength, and microstructural characteristics. The experimental method was conducted using 6 mm thick SS400 steel with E6013 electrodes of 2.6 mm diameter in three welding positions: 1G, 2G, and 3G. The welded specimens were then tested through tensile testing (ASTM E8) and bending testing (ASTM E190-14), followed by microstructural analysis in the weld metal area. The results revealed that welding position significantly affects the mechanical properties of welded joints, where the 3G position produced the highest tensile strength of 188.48 kgf/mm², while the 2G position produced the lowest tensile strength of 113.70 kgf/mm². Conversely, the bending test showed that the 2G position provided the maximum bending strength of 1394 kgf/mm², followed by 3G and 1G positions. Microstructural observations demonstrated variations in the distribution of ferrite, pearlite, martensite, and cementite phases across different welding positions, with the dominance of ferrite and pearlite in the 3G specimen contributing to higher tensile strength, while the dominance of martensite and cementite in the 2G specimen enhanced hardness and bending resistance. Overall, this study confirms that welding position plays a crucial role in determining the quality of SS400 welded joints, and the findings are expected to serve as practical guidance for industry in selecting appropriate welding positions for construction needs, while encouraging further research with additional variables such as electrode type, welding current, and post-weld heat treatment to achieve a more comprehensive understanding.

This research is an evaluative study of the old urban area of Kesawan in Medan City, which has been part of the city’s revitalization efforts initiated by the Medan City Government. Kesawan possesses strong historical and colonial architectural character but has undergone functional and visual degradation due to uncontrolled modern urban development. One of the key issues identified is the presence of inactive urban spaces, disconnected from the public realm and lacking social meaning—phenomena recognized in urban theory as lost space. This concept serves as the foundation for evaluating the effectiveness of the revitalization program implemented since 2021. The study employs a qualitative approach using a single-case study method, focusing on Kesawan as a complex urban space. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with five categories of informants (building owners, visitors, security personnel, street vendors, and architects), and visual documentation. The analysis adopts the theoretical framework of Finding Lost Space by Roger Trancik (1986), which comprises three main approaches: Figure-Ground Theory, Linkage Theory, and Place Theory. These were further elaborated into six evaluative indicators: connectivity, continuity and circulation, enclosure, accessibility, visual orientation, and the meaning and perception of space by the public. The findings indicate that revitalization has brought significant visual improvements and physical enhancements, particularly along the main corridor of Jalan Ahmad Yani I–VII. However, many secondary streets and non-priority areas still exhibit characteristics of lost space, such as disconnected pedestrian paths, underutilized voids, weak spatial integration, and limited social engagement. These conditions suggest that the revitalization outcomes remain uneven and predominantly cosmetic in certain areas. The study recommends integrating spatial and social approaches in future urban revitalization policies to ensure that public space functions can be restored holistically, sustainably, and contextually in line with local identity.

Class C sand mining activities in Nagari Aia Dingin, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency have been ongoing since 1999 and continue to expand to this day. This mining provides economic contributions to the local community, but on the other hand, it also has a significant impact on the environment, particularly on land cover changes. This study aims to analyze changes in open land caused by sand mining activities, using remote sensing technology as a monitoring tool. The approach used is descriptive quantitative, through the interpretation of Google Earth satellite imagery in 2015 and 2018 and Sentinel-2 imagery in 2024. Spatial analysis was conducted with the help of ArcGIS software to obtain a visual and numerical picture of land cover changes. The results of the study indicate a significant increase in the area of sand mining from 2015 to 2024. In 2015, the mining area was recorded at 8.72 hectares, and increased to 22.14 hectares in 2024. This indicates an increase in mining land area of 13.42 hectares over a nine-year period. Land use conversion has occurred on a massive scale, from dryland forest, scrubland, and dryland areas to open-pit mining areas. This land cover change has the potential to cause environmental degradation such as erosion, reduced biodiversity, and disruption to regional water systems. These findings underscore the importance of stricter monitoring and sustainable spatial planning in natural resource management. The use of remote sensing technology has proven effective in monitoring the dynamics of land use change and can serve as a basis for formulating environmental policies that are more responsive to the impacts of mining activities.

SMK Negeri 1 Bawen is located in Bawen District, Semarang Regency, and has six Expertise Programs, namely Agricultural Product Agribusiness, Plant Production Agribusiness, Livestock Production Agribusiness, Agricultural Mechanization, Food, and Tourism. Graduates of SMK Negeri 1 Bawen have spread across various regions of the archipelago and work in various sectors of the business and industrial world. This proves that SMK Negeri 1 Bawen is able to produce graduates with qualified vocational skills. This community service activity aims to provide additional knowledge to the students of SMK Negeri 1 Bawen about the importance of processing banana peels into value-added products, such as banana peel flour and cookies made from banana peels. In addition, this activity also provides information about food safety and the content of bioactive compounds in banana peels, which can be used to support health and innovation of food products. The community service program with the title "Banana Peel Processing for Students of SMK Negeri 1 Bawen Semarang Regency" is designed to increase students' insight and creativity. With this activity, it is hoped that students will not only have technical skills, but also understand aspects of sustainability, product innovation, and the use of food waste based on local wisdom. This knowledge is expected to be a valuable provision for students when entering the world of work and when contributing to the surrounding community. The results of this activity show that SMK Negeri 1 Bawen students already have a good foundation of vocational skills. Nevertheless, they still require strengthening thematic insights, especially in terms of innovative product processing, waste management, and sustainability concepts.

Air circulation and natural lighting are among the key aspects influencing the comfort of room usage, particularly in dormitory buildings inhabited by university students. This study aims to explore thermal comfort more deeply, focusing on air circulation and natural lighting within student dormitory rooms in the Riau Islands. A qualitative method was employed, collecting up-to-date data on the selected building. Building simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and DIALux were conducted to analyze the speed of air circulation and the quality of natural lighting within the rooms. The results reveal that prior to evaluation, the dormitory rooms faced thermal issues related to poor air circulation and insufficient natural lighting. Wind speed was recorded at less than 2 m/s, and the incoming and outgoing airflow collided due to the presence of only one ventilation access. The evaluation using cross-ventilation through room openings showed a positive impact on indoor air circulation, increasing wind speeds to 2–4 m/s. The cross-ventilation concept also enhanced the discharge and exchange of indoor air, preventing air stagnation. In terms of natural lighting, the simulation showed that lighting intensity in several rooms was below the minimum standard of 250 lux, particularly in areas far from the window openings. After modifications to the window layout and the addition of secondary light-transmitting elements, the lighting level significantly improved to meet the recommended standard. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating both passive ventilation and natural lighting strategies in student dormitory designs. Improving these environmental aspects not only enhances thermal comfort but also supports the health, productivity, and well-being of the residents. This study contributes to the growing body of research on sustainable dormitory design and can be used as a reference for future architectural planning and policy improvements.

Gorontalo Province is an area with a high level of disaster vulnerability, both from hydrometeorological disasters such as floods and landslides, as well as geological disasters such as earthquakes. This condition requires an integrated, modern, and sustainable disaster training facility. Unfortunately, until now Gorontalo does not have a representative disaster management education and training center to support community preparedness. This research aims to design a Disaster Management Education and Training Center that not only functions as an education and simulation place, but also integrates green architecture principles to create an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient learning environment. The method used is qualitative descriptive with primary data collection through observation, interviews with stakeholders, and field documentation. Secondary data were obtained from literature studies, disaster architectural precedents, and spatial planning regulatory studies. The design site was chosen in Limboto District with considerations of accessibility, development potential, and geographical conditions. Analysis is carried out on spatial, functional, and climatological aspects to produce an optimal zoning concept and the orientation of building masses according to the tropical climate. The design results show that an area of 19,371 m² can accommodate all space needs with the utilization of KDB of 25.4%. The application of green architecture is realized through the use of environmentally friendly local materials, natural lighting, cross ventilation, solar panels, and rainwater management systems. The simulation facilities for floods, landslides, earthquakes, and fires are designed based on experiential learning so that participants can experience disaster scenarios firsthand. This design is expected to be a model of sustainable tropical disaster architecture, replicate in other disaster-prone areas, and encourage the creation of a disaster-aware culture. This research also opens up further research opportunities related to energy performance evaluation and the application of digital technology in disaster education.

The design of Lecturer Housing for Campus 4 Gorontalo State University is a strategic necessity in line with the expansion of educational institutions and the increasing number of educators requiring adequate and proximate housing. The primary objective of this research is to produce a lecturer housing design that is not only adaptive and sustainable, but also harmonized with the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) of Bone Bolango Regency. The research methodology encompasses a comprehensive site analysis, examining aspects such as climate conditions, topography, vegetation patterns, infrastructure and utility networks, ambient noise levels, and site accessibility. Furthermore, a zoning and spatial relationship study was conducted to determine effective space allocation based on the principles of tropical architecture and green building practices. The findings of the study highlight that a north-south building orientation significantly reduces heat absorption, while the integration of cross-ventilation strategies enhances natural airflow and thermal comfort. Spatial zoning into public, semi-public, private, and service areas allows for organized layouts and promotes social interaction among residents. Sustainability is reinforced through the application of green architectural technologies, including the use of green concrete, lightweight steel frameworks, solar energy panels, as well as integrated waste-water management systems that separate black water and grey water. Landscaping elements, both softscape and hardscape, are utilized to enhance aesthetics while supporting ecological balance and rainwater absorption. This design proposal contributes to the broader discourse of sustainable tropical housing and may serve as a replicable model for future lecturer housing projects in similar regional contexts. It emphasizes the importance of environmentally responsive, cost-efficient, and socially supportive residential architecture.

Mental health is a crucial aspect of modern life, with stress and anxiety being among the most common and impactful psychological disorders. This research proposes a stress and anxiety monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT), integrating biometric sensors and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) for early detection and in-depth analysis. The system is designed using MAX30102 (heart rate and SpO₂), GSR (Galvanic Skin Response), and DS18B20 (body temperature) sensors, managed by an ESP32 microcontroller and communicating through the MQTT protocol. Physiological data is collected in real-time, formatted in JSON, and transmitted to both Android and web-based applications for visualization. The DNN model is developed using the TensorFlow framework with a layered architecture and ReLU activation functions to classify four mental states: relaxed, calm, anxious, and highly stressed. The training dataset comprises both primary and secondary data, including the WESAD dataset. Model performance is evaluated through k-fold cross-validation, showing high accuracy and strong generalization capabilities. The results indicate that the integration of sensor technology and deep learning significantly improves the effectiveness of stress and anxiety detection compared to traditional methods. This system demonstrates great potential for the development of AI-based wearable devices for autonomous, real-time, and adaptive mental health monitoring. 

This article discusses the dynamics of Islamic education during the Sultanate of Banten, an Islamic kingdom that developed since the 16th century and became one of the centers of Islamic civilization in the archipelago. Islamic education in Banten not only shapes the Islamic identity of the community, but also strengthens morality, social solidarity, and cultural resilience. Islamic boarding schools are the main pillars of education that integrate the teaching of religious science, character education, and socio-religious practices. The role of pesantren expands, not only as a learning center, but also as a da'wah institution that instills the values of independence, justice, and brotherhood in the midst of a multicultural society. Great scholars such as Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani and Sheikh Yusuf al-Makassari have an important role in strengthening the scientific network between Banten, the Middle East, and the Islamic world. Their profound works in the fields of jurisprudence, Sufism, and morals had a great influence on the development of Islamic thought in Southeast Asia. The pesantren curriculum that focuses on the yellow book, with the teaching methods of sorogan, bandongan, and wetonan, produces students who are not only knowledgeable, but also disciplined, moral, and sensitive to social problems. The Dutch colonial period brought severe challenges with secular policies and restrictions on Islamic education. However, pesantren still exist as spiritual and intellectual fortresses. This success is supported by the ability of pesantren to develop economic independence and expand scientific networks through the overseas migration of students to various Islamic study centers abroad. Until now, Banten's Islamic education heritage has transformed into a modern Islamic boarding school that is able to combine classical traditions with technology and global insights. This study confirms that traditional Islamic education in Banten has a strategic role in shaping the social, spiritual, and identity structure of the Muslim community, which persists across generations.