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Deficit funding for the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) is an important challenge for the government in maintaining fiscal stability and supporting development policies. In order to find an effective funding alternative, the issuance of state bonds has become an option. This study aims to analyze the position of issuing state bonds as an alternative to funding the state budget deficit. This study uses a descriptive-analytical approach by collecting data from various related sources. The analysis was carried out through a literature review, data from the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, and regulations regarding the issuance of Government Bonds. The results of the study show that the issuance of state bonds has several benefits as an alternative to financing the state budget deficit, namely diversifying government funding sources, reducing dependence on tax revenues and other income, providing flexibility in the schedule of interest and principal payments, in accordance with the government's financial capacity, attracting investor participation. institutional and retail, increasing financial market liquidity. APBN Deficit Funding is dominated by State Bonds, which of course the issuance of state bonds as an instrument for funding the APBN deficit makes fiscal space narrow. When the space for fiscal movement becomes limited, it means that the government faces limitations in collecting revenue or in managing government spending.    

This research discusses the production process of the television program "Tap the Door" at Salam TV. The program aims to help underprivileged and needy individuals, as well as provide emotional support to them. Salam TV, as a da'wah television station, uses this program as a medium to educate the public about social issues and encourage active participation in helping those in need. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with interviews, document review, and literature sources as data collection techniques. The informant interviewed was the producer of the Tap Pintu program. The research was conducted at Salam TV, North Sumatra. The production process of this event program consists of three stages, namely pre-production, production, and post-production. This research concludes that the production process of the "Ketuk Pintu" event program involves pre-production preparation, production activities such as shooting and interviewing, as well as the post-production stage which includes editing and airing. This research provides an overview of the production process of television programs with a focus on the "Ketuk Pintu" program at Salam TV.

The concept of the smart city has emerged as a strategic response to rapid urbanization, increasing population density, and escalating environmental degradation. It is designed to create more efficient urban management through the integration of information and communication technologies, with the primary goal of enhancing public services, optimizing resource use, and improving citizens’ quality of life. One of its most significant promises is its potential to mitigate ecological challenges, particularly in monitoring and reducing air pollution levels. This study aims to analyze the impact of smart city implementation on urban ecology and quality of life, focusing on air quality as a key indicator. A quantitative comparative approach was applied, using both primary data from air quality measurements PM2.5, CO₂, NO₂, and AQI and secondary data from government reports, environmental agencies, and academic publications. The research was conducted in five major Asian cities recognized for adopting smart city initiatives. The results reveal varied outcomes: Tokyo and Kuala Lumpur demonstrated substantial improvements in air quality and livability, while Beijing and New Delhi continued to struggle with severe pollution. Jakarta showed partial progress, though improvements remain limited. These findings indicate that while technology is critical, it alone does not ensure ecological sustainability. Effective governance, public participation, and context-based strategies are equally crucial. This study highlights the need for smart city policies to prioritize ecological resilience and human well-being as central elements of sustainable urban development.

Language is the primary tool humans use to convey thoughts and messages, both verbally and in writing. According to experts, language is a system of sound symbols used for communication and interaction, consisting of phonology, lexicon, and grammar. Phonology studies the sounds of language and is a crucial aspect of linguistics, divided into phonetics and phonemics. Language plays an important role in daily life, not only as a communication tool but also as a reflection of individual or group identity. Language preserves cultural heritage and strengthens social relationships within a community. Proper use of language facilitates communication and influences the understanding of the interlocutor. The development of globalization makes language a means of cross-cultural connection, aiding in collaboration and participation between countries. However, every language faces challenges in pronunciation, word formation, writing, and sentence usage. Phonological disorders, such as in individuals with cleft lip and stuttering, affect speaking ability and language comprehension. A cleft lip causes difficulties in producing certain consonants, while stuttering causes disruptions in speech flow. Phonological error analysis helps to understand the patterns of sound production errors and design interventions to improve speaking abilities. This research is essential for identifying phonological disorders and developing effective therapy methods. The study titled "Phonological Disorders in Mustofa in the Wkwk Project Podcast by Genflik" aims to gain a deeper understanding of phonological disorders in individuals with cleft lip and stuttering, and to find solutions to improve their communication abilities.    

This study aims to explore the experience of pregnant women in consuming Fe tablets and the role of husband support in the prevention of anemia in Bukittinggi City. The problem faced is the high rate of anemia in pregnant women in this region, which is caused by the low compliance of mothers in taking Fe tablets regularly. With a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with pregnant women undergoing the Fe tablet supplement program to understand how their husband's support affected their compliance. The results showed that husband support had an important role in improving pregnant women's compliance, especially through emotional support, reminders, and encouragement in overcoming side effects that mothers often experience during Fe tablet consumption. Husband's support plays a significant role in maintaining the consistency of pregnant women in consuming Fe tablets, which has a positive impact on efforts to prevent anemia. The existence of a husband as a companion provides additional motivation for mothers to be disciplined in undergoing this health program. To increase the effectiveness of the anemia prevention program, it is recommended that health workers involve their husbands in health education for pregnant women regarding the importance of consuming Fe tablets. Maternal and child health programs should include a family approach, especially by increasing husbands' participation in pregnancy classes and counseling sessions, so that support for pregnant women can be maximized.

This study aims to find out how the leadership attributes are applied in SMP ST. Lucia Siborongborong. The method used is descriptive qualitative through literature studies and also direct interviews to ST Middle School. Lucia Siborongborong. The conclusion is that leadership attributes are very important for a leader to have, such as capacity, achievement, responsibility, participation, and status. Capacity here includes intelligence, alertness or accuracy, verbal fluency, the ability to judge and make decisions and originality. Achievement attributes include knowledge, academic achievement, achievement in sports. A leader must also have a sense of responsibility in the form of independence, full of initiative, diligent, aggressive, and confident. Participation attributes such as being able to socialize, being able to work together, and being able to adapt. Then status is socioeconomic status. Even though they don’t always have a higher socio-economic leader status than those who are led. The above attributes differ according to the type of organization

The main task of Bank Jatim is to participate in encouraging the growth of regional economic potential through its participation in developing small and medium credit business sectors in order to obtain optimal profits. Its main activities are collecting and distributing funds and providing other banking services. Until 2019 Bank Jatim has a total of 1,706 operational services, both conventional and sharia services. Bank Jatim currently has e-banking services such as ATM, SMS banking, Internet Banking, Mobile Banking and most recently the jatimcode feature to make it easy for customers to transact wherever and whenever they are. Apart from collaborating with the ATM Bersama network and the Prima network, Bank Jatim has also joined the National Payment Gateway (GPN), which means that bankjatim ATM cards can be used at all ATMs and merchants in Indonesia bearing the ATM Bersama, Prima and GPN logos without any fees.

This academic study aims to improve the learning quality of class XI IPS 1 students for the 2022/2023 academic year. In addition, it is to find out whether cooperative learning using the STAD method can improve Pkn learning achievement for class XI IPS 1 students in the 2022/2023 academic year. The teacher provides a good, fun, and stimulating learning environment so that students can think and develop according to their needs. Cooperative learning encourages students to work together to achieve goals. It is interesting to observe the extent and understanding of students in class XI IPS 1 about Civics after the STAD-type cooperative learning method was implemented in the 2022-2023 school year. Academic achievement is the final result of learning, which can be measured by the grades or scores achieved by students at the end of a given course. This research involved 36 enthusiastic students of class XI IPS 1. The use of observation sheets and test questions can facilitate data collection. The results showed that student participation in cycle II increased to 75.28, a significant value when compared to the value of cycle I 69.03. It is very encouraging to see an increase in student learning outcomes from 61.11% to 86.11% between cycles I and II. The results showed that STAD group learning increased the academic achievement of class XI IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 West Malaka.

The existence of Community Learning Activity Centers (PKBM) aims to form managed learning media that is centered on empowering local potential in increasing the knowledge, skills and attitudes of the community in the economic, social and cultural fields. In developing a community, community participation must be actively linked and participate in processes and activities that exist in society in order to create maximum goals. The feeling of sharing between individuals in social groups will form social solidarity so that a sense of solidarity arises between these individuals. In this study using descriptive qualitative research methods using an ethnographic approach, this study aims to find out how forms of solidarity arise between individuals in creating a community. This research is located in Gesang Village, Tempeh District, Lumajang Regency. The informant himself is the founder, administrator and member of Omah Sinau Gesang. Researchers only took 6 people to be used as informants. The informants that the researchers took consisted of one founder, one administrator, and 4 members from Omah Sinau Gesang. Data collection was obtained from the results of interviews and observations which were included with the documentation. The results of this study indicate that within a community there is a division of labor as a cause for the emergence of organic solidarity. This interdependence increases with the division of labor and with increasing specialization and differences among individuals in the community.

The problem in the study carried out is that it provides an understanding regarding student learning in Civics learning which is still not good, especially because the teacher only uses the classroom environment and places more emphasis on taking notes from textbooks. In addition, student participation in asking and answering questions during learning activities is still lacking, which makes them less motivated to learn. Using the Teams Games Tournament approach, this study aims to improve Civics learning outcomes and student involvement in the learning process in class IV SDN Blega 1 unit "GOTONG ROYONG". Planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting are the four steps of classroom action learning carried out over two cycles. At SDN Blega 1, the research participants were grade IV students. The authors tested, interviewed, and made observations while developing a data collection methodology. Based on the findings of the data analysis, it was found that students learned more about human collaboration in the Civics curriculum. Whereas in Cycle I 44% of students passed the KKM, and 56% of students did not pass, after being given instructions, Cycle II used the Teams Games Tournament approach to carry out learning achievement tests, so that the number of students who passed increased. 32 people or 89%, while the decrease in the number of students who did not pass was 4 people or 11%, and Cycle III increased the number of students who passed by 36 people or with a percentage of 100%. Civics learning outcomes for class IV SDN Blega 1 can be improved through learning activities with the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) paradigm.    

There are so many cases where the perpetrators are more than one person, which occur in our society. Often there is debate in imposing punishment on the direct makers and the indirect makers of criminal acts. To impose a sentence on a case, the judge must know which maker is directly or indirectly and bases his decision apart from the law and also considers the demands of the public prosecutor. Sometimes the perpetrators of the crime of participation are not touched at all by the law so that what they should be prosecuted by law is not even processed. The purpose of this study is to examine the criminal responsibility of the perpetrators of the crime of counterfeiting. The research conducted is normative legal research. Based on the results of the research the defendant was proven guilty of committing the crime of "making and using fake documents" as stipulated and subject to criminal penalties in Article 264 paragraph (1) of the 1st Criminal Code and second article 264 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Code. The crime of inclusion is regulated in Article 55 and Article 64 of the Criminal Code

This study aims to describe the impact of looting on a person's civic character or Civic disposition in the context of people's lives. Looting refers to the act of appropriating other people's property for personal gain. By combining qualitative data from various sources, including related literature, research reports, and interviews with individuals involved in looting, this study yielded significant findings. The results of the analysis show that looting negatively affects a person's Civic disposition. The act of looting violates the moral and ethical values ​​that underlie active and responsible participation in society. Individuals who are involved in acts of stealing tend to show a lack of sense of responsibility, integrity, and empathy towards victims and the wider community. Looting destroys social ties that are necessary for a harmonious life in society. Overall, this research highlights the importance of awareness of the negative impact of looting on Civic disposition. Education, prevention and rehabilitation are needed to improve behavior and rebuild strong civic character, with the aim of promoting a just and civilized society.

This activity aims to find out and describe the extent of the Government's Role in Overcoming Unemployment in Loru Village, the causes of unemployment, types of unemployment, government participation in reducing unemployment and benefits for all parties who are no longer unemployed/have found work. Methods of implementation using the method of observation, interviews, place and time of research. The results of this activity indicate that the Government's role is significantly very influential on unemployment. The government must play an active role because there are still many qualified graduates who have not yet found decent jobs, and must pay more attention to the unemployed, such as providing skills or abilities in the world of work, so that there are no more unemployed people in Loru Village.  

Efforts in disaster risk reduction have not been carried out optimally. In this case, the socialization of disaster risk reduction in Dusun II Kalukau, West Sibalaya Village is one of the efforts to provide direct education informally to the community. This study aims to produce information about public understanding and awareness of disaster risk reduction. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach. Data sources come from observation, discuccion focus groups, and active participation. The results showed that public understanding of disasters was relatively good, the implementation of disaster risk reduction socialization was considered good as an educational effort for disaster mitigation.

A role is a set of behaviors expected of a person according to his social position. Roles are based on rules and expectations because it is the role that explains what individuals must do in a given situation in order to meet their own expectations or the expectations of others. The purpose of this research is to know the role of Village Community Empowerment Institution in Binalang Village, and this research uses qualitative research method. Instrument researchers are researchers themselves. From the results of this study concluded that the role of LPMD in Binalang Village is not optimal, this is seen from the low ability of LPMD to increase community participation and lack of ability to plan development. To overcome the problems related to the low role of the Community Empowerment Institution, it is necessary to train the quality improvement program of human resources for LPMD management in the form of providing training with orientation to the main task and function of LPMD itself.    

This community service program aims to enhance the competence of community facilitators in implementing catechesis at Santo Krisologus BSB Parish Semarang. Based on preliminary studies, fundamental problems were identified, including deficiencies in facilitative competencies and disparities in community participation in catechetical activities. The workshop was designed using a multi-dimensional methodological approach integrating Mezirow's transformative learning theory and Groome's shared Christian praxis model. The program was conducted on October 20, 2024, with the participation of 34 novice community facilitators. The workshop implementation involved three main components: theoretical material presentation, guided practicum, and learning community formation. Results showed significant improvements in participants' theoretical understanding and practical skills, particularly in participative, appreciative, and reflective dimensions. The formation of learning communities indicates potential program sustainability through peer learning mechanisms. This program contributes to the renewal of community catechesis aligned with the vision of Church ad extra and can serve as a prototype for developing similar programs in other parishes.

Departing from the problem of disasters that often occur on river banks where when the rainfall is large enough, the river water discharge is also quite dangerous to the surrounding settlements. Therefore, we realized this greening program by planting tree seeds at a number of points around the riverbanks. With the goal of comprehensive river greening, an integrated, comprehensive, sustainable, and insightful plan is needed to think about the environment with the river as a management unit. This community service activity is carried out by the method of (1) community assistance in encouraging increased community participation (2) completion analysis problems and preparation of plans (3) Monitoring and evaluation of work program implementation activities.   The main target of this program is community groups and individuals who care highly about the environment with the aim of providing motivation for other communities. With the following stages of implementation: Consultation with the Village, Monitoring Planting Locations, Recruitment of seedlings at the Central Sulawesi Provincial Forestry Service, Planting on the banks of the hamlet 2 river, Planting on the banks of the hamlet 1 river, Planting in the yards of residents' houses, Planting at SD Negeri 2 Sindue   Tombusabora, Outreach on the dangers of throwing garbage into rivers and seas, Distributing plant seeds to residents. Greening is a means to overcome the environment so that the environment returns to health free from pollution.  

In Aceh Province, the Religious Court is called the Sharia Court, each district or city has its own Sharia Court office which is located in the district or city. As stated in Law Number 3 of 2006 concerning amendments to Law Number 7 of 1989 concerning Religious Courts that: "The Religious Court is located in the capital of the district or city and its jurisdiction covers the district or city area. This research is based on field research. The purpose of field research is to intensively study the background of the current situation and the interaction of the environment of a social unit; individual, group, institution or community. The results of the study are that community participation in the implementation of the circuit court in divorce cases at the Tapaktuan Sharia Court is very high, there are even several special requests from the community for the implementation of the circuit court for several cases, especially divorce cases and the influence of the circuit court in the social life of the community is the emergence of awareness for the community that the termination of a marriage relationship is very important to obtain legal certainty.

This community service program aims to enhance the technological competencies of madrasah teachers in facing the challenges of the Industrial Revolution 5.0. The primary issue identified was the low level of technological skills among madrasah teachers, which can hinder the integration of technology into the learning process. To address this issue, a series of intensive training, continuous mentoring, and the formation of practitioner communities were implemented. The methods used included an initial survey to identify needs, intensive training followed by interactive workshops, and mentoring through reflective sessions and technical support. Active participation from teachers and community involvement in this process were key factors in the program's success. The results of this program showed a significant increase in teachers' technological skills, the formation of an active practitioner community, and positive social changes, including the emergence of local leaders among the teachers. The program also succeeded in creating new awareness regarding the importance of technology in education in the digital era. These findings support theories of technology-based learning and social change.

The purpose of the specific analysis is expected to be able to convey comprehensive knowledge of the condition of the TPT alliance and poverty in Central Kalimantan, to provide support towards expanding the benefits that contribute to reducing TPT and poverty in this region. Comprehensive quantitative methods to investigate the Central Kalimantan Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) against squalor creates a very precise and constructive approach towards gathering and reviewing instructions in an objective and measurable manner. The low educational level and restrained skills make it difficult to find a decent pulse, forcing the people of Central Kalimantan to fall into poverty. Women are more discreetly concerned with matching decent pulses and retain restricted access to the core economic power as world and capital, which can allow the more prone to slump to the depths of squalor in this region. Other social impacts of algae are reduced social capital, increased crime rates, and reduced quality of life. The economic impact can arise in part in the form of loss of economic reliability, low rewards of legion of duty participation and low economic motivation. The high number of published unemployment (TPT) in Central Kalimantan contributes to increasing poverty and the components of tutorials, skills, sexual lameness, social and economic effects are flowering. TPT embodies important components that must serve as components