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Development is a planned action of change and growth. Siagian (2005: 9) argues that development is "a growth and change effort that is consciously planned and carried out by a nation, state and government towards modernity in the framework of nation building". The aim of the development is to optimize the peace of mind of residents. Development itself is a marker of transformation for a country. As we know, the goal of the Indonesian nation's national development is to achieve a balanced, capable and prosperous society.

In human life, roads have an important role as a means of land transportation (Kristina et al., 2021), especially to support national development in the economic and socio-cultural fields. Apart from that, highways also act as community mobility, requiring good service in line with capacity requirements (Rahmanto, 2016). If there is damage to the road it can cause an accident. So it is necessary to improve the quality of roads and road infrastructure to increase the safety and comfort of road users.

The principal is the person responsible for improving teacher performance at school. The purpose of this study was to determine the principal's leadership behavior in improving teacher performance at MTs Al Musthofa Sani Rantau Badak, Muara Papalik District. Research using a qualitative approach with data collection techniques of documentation, observation and interviews. The research subjects were school principals and teachers. This research shows that: (1) The formulation of the principal's policy in improving the ability of teachers at MTs Al Musthofa Sani Rantau Badak, Muara Papalik District, has made written and oral rules in accordance with the school's vision and mission by involving teachers, school objectives and school principals to formulate activities to improve teacher abilities. These results enable teachers to teach better so that students more easily understand lessons and can feel comfortable while at school and achieve a better quality of education; (2) The principal's program as a leader in improving the discipline of teachers at MTs Al Musthofa Sani Rantau Badak, Muara Papalik District by using good communication (not rude, direct supervision, not arrogant and authoritarian), compiling a KKG program, seminars and workshops with this program show encouraging results, teachers are more disciplined so they can complete their tasks well; (3) The principal's strategy as a leader in increasing the responsibilities of teachers at MTs Al Musthofa Sani Rantau Badak, Muara Papalik District by involving all teachers and providing direct examples and (4) The factors that influence the leadership of the principal in improving teacher performance are his desire to improve school performance so that he has better performance at the Acehnese and national level. This is the main factor that influences it along with other general factors, such as: the personal condition of the school principal, school organization, external environment.

Cultural festivals are a series of positive activity processes conducted in certain areas to maintain and preserve local and national culture. They are held to include the participation of the community, related parties, and the government together. This research was a type of qualitative research conducted in Gosari Village, Ujungpangkah District, Gresik Regency. Data sources were obtained from the Village Head, Chief Executive, Head of WAGOS Board (Gosari Natural Tourism), religious, and community leaders, and supported by documents and archives. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The research findings showed that the Gosari cultural festival is held once a year with a series of activities which include: Resik Sendang Icleaning the bathing place), Kirab Warga (mutually cleaning the environment), Ngadusi Rojo Koyo (bathing the cows), Traditional Snacks Market, review of the book: “History and Mythology of Gosari”, Performance of Traditional Dance and Ludruk Art. The values developed in the implementation process are social, religious, and traditional values. Cultural festivals play a role in developing religious and social values, namely through the optimization in the field of education which is collaborative with nature, and the habituation of community traditions which are held regularly and continuously.

The background is financial reports have not complied with accounting standards and no digital-based financial system innovations. This will affect banking decisions to provide financing assistance and MSMEs difficulties in sustaining their business. This service aims to improve the quality of financial reports and digital-based financial innovation (fintech) then MSMEs can be highly competitive and continuously reduce banana stem waste in Cimenyan. The method used is training & mentoring so that more "bankable" to prospective borrowers from banks and a more updated financial application system is produced. The finding is the reduction of banana stem waste in Cimenyan. The implication, training program, that in the end the bank approves the application for funds. The output is partners have knowledge about financial reports that are according to standards, more practical in the fintech era. They can be highly competitive and profitable for the MSME industry on a national and international scale.  

Compulsory Military Service has become the focal point of debate in the latest National Resource Empowerment Law (PSDN). Some argue that national defence, which forms the basis of compulsory military service, should not be confined solely to military contexts. However, on the other hand, many believe that a military approach is integral to national defence. The author employs a legal and national defence analysis to comprehend the conception of compulsory military service. The findings of the author's research indicate that mandatory military service is a mandate of the law and not voluntary, leaning towards a militaristic approach. Furthermore, the author asserts that all non-militaristic forms of national defense are valid, but a militaristic approach remains obligatory.

This research aims to identify the values of mutual cooperation character found in the Adit and Sopo Jarwo animation as one of the media to be used in strengthening the national identity of elementary school students. The method used in this research is qualitative with content analysis method, and data collection techniques include literature study, documentation, and data analysis. Based on the results of the research conducted, it was found that in the Adit and Sopo Jarwo animated film, there are 7 values of mutual cooperation character, which are helping each other, appreciating teamwork, solidarity, commitment to collective decisions, empathy, anti-violence, and a voluntary attitude. These values of mutual cooperation character appear in 11 episodes of the Adit and Sopo Jarwo animation, namely in the episodes of the father's lost wallet, the father's wallet is still lost, Jarwo's theft, Adit wins, the confusing umbrella motorcycle taxi, Adit's flu, Jarwo's sadness, getting caught up in the antenna service, kite competition making everyone fly, Jarwo's surprise, Adel's whereabouts, patrol duties like courage tests, and visiting siblings making everyone feel honored. Furthermore, the Adit and Sopo Jarwo animation can be used as a learning tool in strengthening the national identity because this animation contains scenes that are in line with the development of mutual cooperation character as a way to strengthen the national identity.

Health is a vital element and is a constitutive element in a person's life process. So that improving health, health recovery and treatment cannot be separated from financing. One of the subsystems in national health is the health financing subsystem. Health financing itself is the amount of funds that must be provided to organize and/or utilize various health efforts needed by individuals, families, groups and communities. The aim of this research is to find out the management strategy for health financing and insurance in health services. The method used is a literature study by analyzing and comparing existing theories and producing findings from the analysis results. The results of this research are strategies for managing health financing and insurance in health services, namely by providing health services, increasing health personnel, improving information, providing adequate health equipment, vaccines and technology, good leadership and governance in management and financing and accelerating access to health services as a whole. universal for reducing inequalities in health. It can be concluded that strong, stable and sustainable health financing plays a very vital role in the provision of health services in order to achieve various important goals of health development in a country, including equal distribution of health services and access (equitable access to health care) and quality services (guaranteed quality). Therefore, health policy reform in a country should provide an important focus on health financing policies to ensure the implementation of adequacy, equity, efficiency and effectiveness of health financing itself.

The Indonesian government has launched the National Action Plan program for handling stunting at the national level with the theme "National Action Plan Program for handling stunting at the national level" in 2023 which is focused on regions, especially villages in Indonesia. One part of the program is the prevention of stunting that occurs in the community. Because most people do not understand properly about stunting, and think that stunting or dwarfism, the term commonly used in society, is a hereditary factor. This community service activity is carried out to increase knowledge and understanding as well as community participation in the prevention and early detection program for stunting in toddlers which is expected to directly motivate the community to participate in paying attention to the growth and development of their children so that their growth and development can be optimal. The method used was to assess community knowledge and the problems faced regarding prevention and how to assess/early detect stunting in toddlers in Katulisan Village, Cikeusal District, Serang Banten. Mother's knowledge was measured using a pre-test before the activity and a post-test after being given the knowledge.

The progress of a nation cannot be separated from the progress of the world of education. According to Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System, article 1 paragraph (1) states that "education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength. personality self-control, intelligence, noble morals, as well as skills needed by himself, the nation's community and the state. This research generally aims to describe (1) How the Leadership Role of Madrasah Heads Plays in Improving Teacher Disciplinary Leadership Attitudes at Private MTs Nurussholih Medan Polonia (2 ) What is the attitude of the Madrasah Head in Forming Disciplinary Attitudes of Teachers at Nurussholih Private MTs Medan Polonia (3) What are the Obstacles? and Efforts to Overcome Them Madrasah Heads in Improving Disciplinary Attitudes to Become Effective and Efficient This research is a type of qualitative research with a case study approach. This research was conducted at Nurussholih Medan Polonia Private MTs which is located at Jl. Cempaka No. 20 Karawang Sari Rejo Medan, Medan Polonia District, North Sumatra. The subjects in this study were the Madrasah Head, Deputy Madrasah Head, and Teachers. The techniques used in data collection are observation, interview and documentation techniques. The analysis technique in this study uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. Guarantees for the validity of the data in this study are credibility, transferability, reliability, and confirmability. The results of the research show that (1) The leadership of the Head of the Nurussholih Medan Polonia Private MTs Madrasah has seven roles in improving teacher discipline, namely as an educator, manager, administrator, supervisor, leader, innovator and motivator. (2) The attitude of the madrasa head in forming the teacher's attitude is good because the head of the Nurussholih Medan Polonia Private MTs madrasa is able to set an exemplary example for the teachers at the madrasa. (3) The madrasa head's efforts to improve teacher discipline are very strict in terms of teacher attendance, and the problem is that there are still teachers who do not come to the madrasa on time because the distance from home to school is quite far so they lack discipline.

Garbage has become a national problem and a very important issue in the environment. In essence, waste will not decrease or run out, in fact it will continue to increase along with the increase in population. In the waste collection system in both RTs, each household provides a sack or trash bag as a place for collecting plastic waste. Plastic waste that has been collected for 1-2 weeks will be exchanged with waste collectors who have collaborated at the waste bank post in each RT. It is hoped that the establishment of a waste bank can help reduce the amount of waste that is disposed of in landfills. Waste that can be recycled will be sorted and processed further.

. Religious value is a cultural value that is passed from generation to generation to form a national character value. Religious values ​​as a cultural value can not only be seen in religious rituals, but can also be seen in campursari song. This research is conducted to find out the meaning and symbolic on tembang campursari. This research using a qualitative descriptive approach with Roland Barthes semiotic perspective. Data is collected by using documentation collection techniques on the song Campursari entitled Kelayung Layung by Deny Caknan. The results of the analysis indicate that (1) in the meaning of the denotations, connotations, and myths contained in the song Campursari Kelayung Layung has the meaning that humans as God’s creatures cry a lot for fear of death. In fact, as a human being, we must be aware that death will definitely come, but we never know when death will come.; (2) The symbolic meaning of the song Kelayung Layung has a meaning about the symbol of death. Humans die have no meaning anymore, both rank, degree, and wealth. Implication of this research shows that humans have to be aware about death.

Islamic financial institutions provide facilities that can be used by the community in the business sector to open up opportunities to build UMKM. UMKM are the main productive and competitive actors in the national economy. For this reason, the development of micro, small and medium enterprises needs to be the main priority of national economic development. This study aims to describe the role of Islamic financial institutions for UMKM in realizing economic development. This type of research is a literature review research with data sources obtained through a search on google schoolar with a number of predetermined variable keys. The results of this study include the role of financial institutions in the economy including the transfer of assets, transactions, liquidity and efficiency. Islamic financial institutions were established with the aim of promoting and developing the application of Islamic principles, sharia and their traditions into financial and banking transactions and related businesses.

This research aims to determine the non-academic achievements obtained by students, existing extracurricular activities, the strategies implemented by madrasah heads to improve students' non-academic achievements, the constraints of madrasah heads in implementing strategies, and the achievements of extracurricular activities in improving students' non-academic achievements at MTs Negeri 3 Medan. This research uses a qualitative type of research with a case study approach conducted in a natural, holistic and in-depth setting. The research subjects were school principals, teachers/extracurricular activity coaches, students, and extracurricular activity coaches. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique uses the Interactive Analysis Model from Miles and Huberman, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. Research data validity techniques are credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability.The research results obtained are: 1) Students' non-academic achievements come from extracurricular activities that students participate in, including scouts, paskibra, tahfiz, youth scientific work, mujawwad, dance and futsal. 2) The extracurricular activities at MTs Negeri 3 Medan are futsal, paskibra, scouts, KIR, UKS, dance, mujawwad, PIS, band/music, and tahfiz. 3) The strategy implemented by the madrasa head is: selecting competent trainers, determining a good extracurricular schedule, facilities and infrastructure, funding, motivation for students, and evaluation. 4) The obstacles faced by madrasa heads are from the financial side, in terms of time to take part in events or competitions and in terms of when taking part in events that are far away, they have to add supervisor/teacher personnel. 5) Achievement of extracurricular activities is seen from the achievements obtained by students while participating in extracurricular activities, where the non-academic achievements achieved by MTs Negeri 3 Medan students who take part in extracurricular activities have reached the point of participating in and winning national scale events or competitions. Apart from that, the achievements of extracurricular activities can be seen from the impact on the members who take part in them, namely deepening and expanding students' knowledge regarding the extracurricular activities they participate in and succeeding in building students' personalities with strong and independent characters.Thus, the strategy implemented by the head of the madrasa to improve the non-academic achievements of MTs Negeri 3 Medan students through extracurricular activities has been able to provide various achievements in various events or competitions not only between schools or between districts/cities but on a national scale. There are only a few obstacles that need to be addressed by the school, namely from a financial perspective, in terms of time and in terms of distance to participate in events or competitions.

Realizing rural economic independence is one of the national development goals and requires village potential, community social potential, and natural resource potential which are actors as well as objects in development. In addition, in realizing independence, it is necessary to optimize village business units. The Village Business Unit is an institution established by the village community that does not focus on profit or profit but must also be managed with social souls, or social entrepreneurship. However, the current reality shows that many villages do not know how to set up and optimize their own business units. As an effort to drive the local and regional economy, a strategy is needed to utilize and optimize the potential of local resources, be it natural resources, human resources or other economic resources. And the service method used is socialization and discussion. Based on the results of the tests before and after the implementation of the activities, it can be seen that there was an increase in understanding before and after the socialization, which means that the community has begun to understand what are the ways to strengthen the economic independence of their village business units.

Many studies have described meta-analysis on the overall effect of e-learning influence in learning. However, there has been no meta-analysis of the overall effect of STEM-based e-learning on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS).  The purpose of this study investigates the effect of STEM-based e-learning on students' critical thinking skills in Indonesia. This type of research is a Systematic Literature Review (SL) and meta-analysis. Data sources came from 10 national and international journals published in 2018-2023. The process of searching for data sources through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Eric, and Springer. Data analysis used the Hedge formula to calculate effect size with the help of the JSAP application. The findings show that the effect size value (ES = 0.793) is medium. This explains that STEM-based e-learning provides a very high positive impact and is effective in improving students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Furthermore, HOTS characteristics do not cause heterogeneity in the results of STEM-based e-learning research on students' Higher Order Thinking Skills. The findings suggest that educators should choose STEM-based e-learning as one of the learning models to improve students' Higher Order Thinking skills in Indonesia.

This article examines the influence of agrarian law in the development of legal politics in Indonesia with a focus on issues of land ownership and human rights. This article explains that land ownership is often a source of conflict and disputes in Indonesian society, especially when land does not have clear certificates. The Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) is the legal basis that provides guarantees for land rights for the people of Indonesia. The National Agrarian Operations Project Program (PRONA) is the government's effort to provide land certificates to people with economically weak groups. This article also reviews changes in legal political views in Indonesia following the transition from the New Order era to the reform era. During the New Order era, there were shackles in various sectors, including law and politics. However, during the reform period, efforts to restore Indonesia's image as a rule of law through changes in government policy were carried out concerning the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila. In the context of land ownership and human rights, this article underscores the need to protect the rights of rural communities and indigenous peoples whose ownership is inherited hereditary, regardless of the completeness of the ownership papers. This article examines the need for a balance between public interest and individual rights in the context of land ownership in Indonesia. In conclusion, this article presents a comprehensive analysis of the influence of agrarian law in the development of legal politics in Indonesia. By highlighting changes in legal politics, protection of human rights, and issues of land ownership,    

Covid-19 hit many countries in the world including Indonesia. The Covid-19 outbreak is not only a national problem within a country, but is already a global problem. Covid-19 originated in the Wuhan area of ​​China. The spread of Covid -19, which is so fast and deadly, is transmitted through physical contact through the mouth, eyes and nose. The spread of Covid-19 is out of control, the government invites the public to participate in keeping the spread from spreading by limiting social or physical contact. Community participation is the main key to success in preventing the spread of the Covid-19 outbreak. Social distancing and physical distancing are implemented to cut the chain of spread of the virus.Some people have consciously followed this social restriction mechanism, but some have not participated. This paper examines community participation in preventing the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Handling the spread of this virus can be carried out well if the community participates in following the government's advice to always maintain a safe distance from one another, one of which is to stay at home. Covid-19 is an epidemic virus and has the potential for a public health emergency. In the Bangorejo sub-district itself, the government and various local community institutions in dealing with this epidemic have implemented several programs and policies to minimize and prevent the Covid-19 outbreak, but in reality some people do not heed the appeals and directions from the government or social institutions.

In this study, researchers approached the study through theory and physics. Surabaya has established itself as a city of services and commerce. In addition, Surabaya is a business city where various events take place. As a shop, Surabaya is a one-stop shop. All activities take place here and all supporting facilities are available. Trading is the main activity in Surabaya. Geographically, Surabaya actually emerged as a commercial city. Since the colonial era, the kingdom of the Majapahit era, trade has become the main activity. Currently trading activities in Surabaya are not limited to regional and national needs. Surabaya has become a city of international trade. As a commercial city, Surabaya has several important pillars. These places become spaces for commercial activities. The modern market is the most important pillar of Surabaya's status as a commercial city. Attractive layout, comfortable atmosphere, and competitive prices are the hallmarks of a modern market that fits with the dense activity of city dwellers. Modern markets are scattered throughout the center and suburbs of Surabaya. The presence of many modern markets provides more choices for the community. This number will continue to grow as investment in Surabaya increases. Kampung Surabaya is a living space for Surabaya residents. Apart from houses, villages in Surabaya are also production centers. The village is now emerging as a small economic center. Each village has its own special food, pastries, jewelry, clothing and more. Due to the influence of the city government, these villages are now designated as leading villages and have the potential to strengthen the economy of the less fortunate.

Contraception as a form of prevention of pregnancy is one of the essences of family planning problems (KB) officially used by the National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN). One type of effective contraception that mothers choose is the type of injectable contraception. To determine the effect of DMPA injection use on weight gain in family planning acceptor in Puskesmas Tompobulu Gowa. Analytical observational with cross sectional study approach. This research was conducted at Puskesmas Tompobulu Kab. Gowa on 31 July - 31 August 2017. The sample in this study is total sampling with as many as 51 respondents of the instrument in this study is using a questionnaire. Statistical test using computerized system by using chi-square test at significance level 95% (α = 0,05). The Result of this research is p-value = 0.000 with significance level <0,05. This shows that there is significant influence between the duration of contraceptive use to weight gain. And obtained by p-value = 0,002 with significance level <0,05 this shows there is significant influence of physical activity activity to weight gain. The longer duration of use of DMPA injection will be more at risk of obesity on contraceptive injectors. The fewer activities performed by the KB acceptor will be more at risk of weight gain. This research is expected to be useful and become input for practice area in giving injection contraception service and observe acceptor body weight every time at visit.