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This research explores the intricate relationship between digital citizenship, moral development, and family-based character education, focusing on integrating technology. Employing a library research approach and descriptive analysis method, the study delves into existing literature to investigate the impact of technology-based interventions on parental influences in shaping children's ethical decision-making in the digital age. The research addresses three primary questions: (1) How does incorporating technology in family-oriented character education programs impact children's formation and reinforcement of moral values and digital citizenship skills compared to traditional methods? (2) What are the key challenges and opportunities families face when leveraging technology for character education, and how do these factors influence the effectiveness of moral development within the familial environment? (3) In what ways do parental involvement and modelling of digital behaviours shape children's ethical decision-making and online conduct, and how can technology-based interventions enhance or alter these parental influences on their children's moral development and digital citizenship? Through a comprehensive review of theoretical frameworks, empirical studies, and technology integration models, this research aims to provide valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of character education within the digital landscape.

Packaging design innovation is a crucial strategy in boosting product sales. Innovation is the practical development and improvement of an initial discovery into a technique that can be used. This research aims to enhance the sales of banana chips produced by the Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) Healthy Tasty Food Surabaya through packaging design innovation implemented by interns from WMK.The research methods encompassed interviews, observations, brainstorming, active participation, and documentation. The results indicate that the implemented packaging design innovation successfully increased the sales of Healthy Tasty Food Surabaya's banana chips, as evidenced by a surge in orders and sales.The packaging design innovation involved alterations in shape, color, and packaging material. The new packaging was designed to be more appealing and informative, incorporating bright colors and attractive graphics. Additionally, the new packaging was equipped with comprehensive product information, including nutritional content and expiration date.The positive impact of this packaging design innovation is evident in the increased number of orders and sales for the UMKM, as well as improved customer satisfaction and product image. This research provides a significant contribution to similar UMKMs by uncovering the potential for sales enhancement through the improvement of their product packaging design quality.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of service when shopping and the impact on e-customer satisfaction at Kaos Nyenyes start-up which is a start-up that focuses on selling t-shirts with unique and innovative models online and offline. This research uses qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of how service quality can affect online customer perception and satisfaction. The data collection method involves an online survey of Kaos Nyenyes' e-customers and the collected data is then analyzed using statistical techniques and content analysis to identify the most influential service quality factors. The results of this study are expected to provide deep insights into the aspects and factors of service quality that are important in a business context, especially in the fashion industry such as the Kaos Nyenyes start-up. By understanding the factors that influence customer satisfaction, companies can improve service strategies, strengthen relationships, and increase competitive advantage in the market.

This research aims to analyze curriculum implementation in the Malay Arabic script learning process in class V at MIS YPI Batang Kuis using descriptive qualitative methods. The research method in this study was carried out using data collection techniques, namely interviews, documentation and observation. The objects of this research were 30 students in class IV MIS YPI Batang Kuis. The data collection technique in this research is equipped with tests and questionnaires which take place face to face with students. Data analysis methods include assessing writing test scores, calculating the percentage of reading ability, as well as evaluating overall results to understand the effectiveness of teaching Malay Arabic script. It is hoped that the findings from this research will provide a more comprehensive view regarding the implementation of the Malay Arabic script learning curriculum in the form of teaching strategies that best support Malay Arabic learning in class V MIS YPI Batang Kuis. The results of this research can be a reflection to improve existing teaching methods. By understanding the successes and challenges in the learning process, more effective strategies can be developed to improve students' understanding of the Malay Arabic script. It is hoped that the implications of this research can help prepare better curriculum and teaching guidelines and improve the quality of the Malay Arabic script learning process at a broader level.

Patrilineal inheritance, a customary system practiced in various Indonesian traditions, designates inheritance passing through the paternal lineage. However, complications arise when heirs lack male descendants or those recognized as legitimate by customary norms. Customary practices within the community often address these issues. Judicial panels frequently adjudicate disputes related to patrilineal inheritance to ensure equitable resolutions. Judges, empowered by the Judicial Power Law No. 48 of 2009, make decisions based on a comprehensive understanding of the legal framework and case circumstances. A case analysis, specifically Verdict Number 3494 K/Pdt/2016, concerning the inheritance dispute among the Batak Toba customary community, revealed that evidence from documents and testimonies proved the disputed land belonged to the appellants. The land, previously acquired by the appellants' mother through purchase from the Nagari, was not part of the inheritance left by the appellants' grandfather. However, the decision in settling the Batak Toba customary dispute in Verdict Number 3494 K/Pdt/2016 did not align with the principles of patrilineal inheritance customary to the Batak Toba community. This divergence stemmed from the judges' consideration that the disputed land constituted communal property resulting from the marriage between the late Yakob Sitinjak and the late Sanggul Boru Sinaga.

Mathematics is central to our daily lives and is taught from an early age. As a result, mathematics is used in various areas of life. The history of mathematics is very important to know and study because through it we can know and understand the truth and essence of math. Besides, the history of mathematics shows its connection with many other fields of science. In the history of Islamic civilization, the development of mathematics has begun since the descent of the Quran as a sacred book for the Muslims. Through the Quran, Allah comprehensively invites His creatures to study mathematical science, which can help them to do many things, especially in worship. In this journal, the author also uses methods of literature study with qualitative research to find out how the development of mathematics through Islamic civilization. Therefore, in the journal this time, the author will try to review the evolution of mathematics through the history of Islamic civilization

The role of government in agriculture is very important in determining economic policy, in planning to mobilize actors there must be readiness, seriousness and commitment to implement it. In an effort to establish regional autonomy, readiness to face future challenges and effective and efficient management of the regional economy by utilizing regional potential and resources. support that has a comprehensive design is needed, in order to obtain information that is in accordance with the problem formulation and research objectives. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. This research is located in Bolaang Mongondow district (North Sulawesi). Regarding the role of the government in controlling the level of competitiveness of farmer groups in Bolaang Mongondow district (North Sulawesi). Data collection methods This research uses secondary data. The role of the government as a regulator is that the government prepares the implementation of development (issuing regulations in the framework of the effectiveness and orderliness of development administration). capital through providing capital assistance to the community. The government as a catalyst, the village government has a position as an agent that accelerates the development of village potential. The research results show that the government's role in controlling the level of competitiveness of farmer groups in Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi, is very important and has a positive impact. With support and assistance from the government, farmers can increase their productivity, expand markets, and increase their income.    

The issue of ozone depletion and surface global warming due to synthetic refrigerants has prompted educational laboratories employing cooling machines to seek environmentally friendly alternative refrigerants. Retrofitting involves replacing refrigerants (consumable substances serving as working fluids) with environmentally friendly alternatives. Refrigerators are essential household appliances that have a significant environmental impact. This paper addresses various aspects of environmentally friendly refrigerator design, encompassing the use of cutting-edge technology, routine maintenance, the utilization of waste heat, material recycling, and the selection of eco-friendly refrigerants. By focusing on energy efficiency and sustainable material usage, refrigerators can become more efficient and environmentally friendly. Through this comprehensive analysis, practical recommendations are emphasized for the eco-friendly use and maintenance of refrigerators.

The presence of invasive plants can often threaten biodiversity, affect the availability of natural resources, and even disrupt the balance of the ecosystem. In a residential context, in-depth knowledge of invasive plant species is important to identify risks and potential impacts on the environment and consider the possibility of their positive use. Therefore, this study aims to find out data on invasive plant types in this housing complex. The method in this research combines qualitative and quantitative descriptive approaches. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to gain an in-depth understanding of the characteristics, distribution and interactions of invasive plants in the Bumi Panyileukan Housing Complex. Meanwhile, a quantitative approach was applied in data analysis to measure a number of variables related to the identified invasive plants. The observation method in the form of sampling invasive plants is used as a basis for collecting focused and representative data on plant types in the residential environment. It is hoped that the integration of these methods can provide a comprehensive picture of invasive plant species and their characteristics in the context of Bumi Panyileukan Housing in Bandung City. The location was chosen deliberately, namely around 16% of the total area. The results obtained were 31 families of 60 invasive plant species. The highest families are in the Araceae and Euphorbiaceae families with a percentage of up to 26% in this area. There are 58 species of plants introduced from outside Indonesia and two species are native to Indonesia. Most plants are used as ornamental plants and some are wild invasive plants which can threaten the balance of the ecosystem so comprehensive control needs to be carried out

This article aims to present an in-depth Systematic Literature Review related to several key aspects in the audit domain, including Audit Completion, Subsequent Event Review, Auditor's Report, Management Letter, and Fact Finding. By adopting a systematic approach, this research summarizes and analyzes related scientific literature to provide a comprehensive view of the latest developments in each of these aspects. The results of this literature review provide in-depth insight into strategies and methodologies in completing audits, evaluating the impact of subsequent events, the role and process of preparing auditor reports and management letters, as well as finding relevant facts in the audit process. This research not only provides an overview of current practices in the world of auditing, but also identifies knowledge gaps that may provide a basis for future research. By understanding in depth the key aspects of the auditing process, this article makes an important contribution to the development of audit science and facilitates a better understanding of future challenges and opportunities.  

This research aims to analyze and understand the impact of motivation, communication and work stress on employee job satisfaction. This study was conducted through a comprehensive literature review of previous research on the topic. The literature review is analyzed and summarized to produce conclusions that can. that a positive work environment, effective communication, and high levels of motivation are key factors in increasing employee job satisfaction. This study provides practical implications for organizations to increase employee job satisfaction by focusing on these factors. This research has a significant contribution to the development of theory and practical understanding in human resource management    

Observation is a process of systematic observation of human activities and physical settings where these activities take place continuously from a natural locus of activity to produce facts. This research uses a qualitative approach to describe and explain the choice of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) pre-teacher observation method. Through interviews with 10 pre-teaching students, the results show a variety of views regarding observation methods. In general, participant observation dominates as the method that is considered the most effective, because it provides an in-depth understanding of social interactions and group dynamics. Although structural and audio-visual observations receive support, direct involvement in classroom activities is considered to provide a more comprehensive understanding. The research results provide valuable insights for English language education practitioners. In conclusion, participant observation is the most relevant method for EFL pre-teaching analysis. Research supports the selection of observation methods that are appropriate to the context and research objectives to ensure the validity and relevance of observation results. Suggestions for further research include considering more specific observation methods, addressing the potential influence of observers in participant observation, and developing more contextual measurement instruments. 

Morinda citrifolia (noni) is a plant that has attracted attention in research as a source of compounds with anti-cancer potential. The aim of this comprehensive understanding is to analyze various studies that have been carried out to investigate the ability of Morinda citrifolia in cancer therapy. The research method involved a qualitative literature study, where we collected ten research articles that had been conducted on various types of cancer cells and the compounds contained in Morinda citrifolia. Research results show that Morinda citrifolia contains a variety of compounds such as anthraquinones, scopoletin, quercetin, and others, which have shown promising anti-cancer activity. In addition, in-silico research also identifies compounds that have the potential to influence key molecular targets in cancer growth pathways. Research results show a variety of anticancer activities associated with these compounds, including their ability to inhibit cancer cell growth, induce apoptosis, reduce oxidative stress, and inhibit cancer cell movement. In several studies, compounds such as morindone, scopoletin, and quercetin have shown promising anticancer activity, especially in certain cancer cell models. In conclusion, Morinda citrifolia shows potential as a source of interesting anti-cancer compounds, and further research is expected to help better understand the potential benefits of this plant in cancer therapy. In this context, further clinical research is needed to validate the efficacy and safety of using Morinda citrifolia in cancer therapy in humans.

One of the successes of educational institutions lies in the precision of an educational manager in empowering and placing educators and educational staff according to their competencies. This research aims to obtain comprehensive information about the empowerment and organization of educators and educational staff at Persis Lempong Islamic Junior High School in Garut. This qualitative descriptive research involves data sources such as the School Principal, Educators (Teachers), Educational Staff, and other sources supporting the research. Data collection procedures include observation, in-depth and structured interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through the processes of reduction, display, and verification. The research results indicate that the empowerment and organization of educators and educational staff are divided into: (a) Management of Educators and Educational Staff at MTs Persis Lempong – Garut, including: 1) Planning of Educators and Educational Staff, 2) Organization of Educators and Educational Staff, 3) Empowerment of Educators and Educational Staff, 4) Evaluation of Educators and Educational Staff. And (b) Empowerment or Development Programs for Educators and Educational Staff at MTs Persis Lempong – Garut.

White collar crime is increasingly prevalent in various corporate sectors and causes significant financial losses and damage to public trust. This type of crime includes embezzlement of funds, manipulation of financial statements, bribery, insider trading in the capital market, and theft of customer personal data. Although it occurs a lot, the prevention of white collar crime is still not optimal and the perpetrators are rarely prosecuted properly. This paper aims to analyze the various determinants that influence the occurrence of white collar crime in order to formulate policy recommendations and prevention strategies in the future. A systematic approach is used by applying the fraud triangle theory which focuses on the three main elements that cause fraud, namely pressure, opportunity and rationalization. The results of the study show that pressure to meet high performance targets and large bonuses often encourage individuals to commit fraud. Meanwhile, weak supervision and lack of transparency create opportunities for fraud. Perpetrators also often justify their actions, for example by assuming that they will not be caught or the value of the loss is small. The complexity of modern corporate operations also increases opportunities for white-collar crime. Effective prevention efforts must be comprehensive by involving various parties and strengthening a number of aspects as controls. The role of internal and external supervisors (auditors) of companies needs to be continuously improved, supported by modem fraud detection technology tools. Whistleblowing mechanisms need to be strengthened in every company and kept confidential to encourage early reporting of fraud indications.

A systems approach can improve the quality of education by identifying needs, selecting problems, identifying requirements for solutions to problems, creating several alternative solutions, producing results, and revising requirements in part or all of the system related to limitations in meeting needs. This research explores how the application of a systems approach can be an effective basis for building quality education. Through analysis of factors such as synchronization, resource management, and stakeholder engagement, this research aims to identify ways in which system approaches can be optimized to achieve better educational outcomes. By strengthening the linkages between various elements in the education system, it is hoped that an educational ecosystem that is more responsive, adaptive and results-oriented can be formed. The findings of this research can contribute to the development of more effective education policies and provide a more comprehensive view of efforts to improve the overall quality of education.

This research aims to evaluate the development of teachers' professionalism in the digital era. The applied research method is a Literature Review. Data collection is conducted through library research to identify articles relevant to the research topic. The government strives to develop the teaching profession as a strong and respected occupation, as reflected in the enactment of Law No. 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers, which aims to develop the teaching profession through legal protection. With the rapid advancement of digital technology, teachers need to have appropriate qualifications to perform their duties effectively. A study indicates that strategies to enhance teacher competence involve comprehensive monitoring of learning aspects and gradual support from school principals and supervisors through training. The professionalism of teachers is reflected in their skills in applying information technology precisely and developing creative and innovative teaching methods.      

This research aims to analyze the Arabic-Malay script learning process in class V at MIS YPI Batangkuis using descriptive qualitative methods. The research method in this study was carried out using 2 (two) data collection techniques, namely interviews and observation. The objects of this research were 30 students in class IV MIS YPI Batangkuis. Data collection techniques in this research were carried out using tests and questionnaires which took place face to face with students. Data analysis methods include assessing writing test scores, calculating the percentage of reading ability, as well as evaluating overall results to understand the effectiveness of teaching Arabic-Malay. It is hoped that the findings from this research will provide a more comprehensive view of the teaching strategies that best support Arabic-Malay language learning in the fifth grade environment of MIS YPI Batangkuis. The results of this research can be a reflection to improve existing teaching methods. By understanding the successes and challenges in the learning process, more effective strategies can be developed to improve students' understanding of Arabic-Malay. It is hoped that the implications of this research can help develop better teaching guidelines and improve the quality of Arabic-Malay language education at a broader level.

This research aims to analyze the Arabic-Malay script learning process in class V at MIS YPI Batangkuis using descriptive qualitative methods. The research method in this study was carried out using 2 (two) data collection techniques, namely interviews and observation. The objects of this research were 30 students in class IV MIS YPI Batangkuis. Data collection techniques in this research were carried out using tests and questionnaires which took place face to face with students. Data analysis methods include assessing writing test scores, calculating the percentage of reading ability, as well as evaluating overall results to understand the effectiveness of teaching Arabic-Malay. It is hoped that the findings from this research will provide a more comprehensive view of the teaching strategies that best support Arabic-Malay language learning in the fifth grade environment of MIS YPI Batangkuis. The results of this research can be a reflection to improve existing teaching methods. By understanding the successes and challenges in the learning process, more effective strategies can be developed to improve students' understanding of Arabic-Malay. It is hoped that the implications of this research can help develop better teaching guidelines and improve the quality of Arabic-Malay language education at a broader level.

Land and Building Tax is a levy that must be paid for the existence of land and buildings that provide benefits and socio-economic status for a person or entity who has rights or receives benefits.Collection of Land and Building Tax is revenue from the taxation sector which is the right of the Regional Government as original regional income and is a source of funds to carry out regional development. Cooperation from all implementing officers and the community must be carried out to support an increase in Original Regional Income, especially Land and Building Tax. This type of research falls into qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis aims to provide an in-depth explanation of a phenomenon by collecting comprehensive data. To understand and explain the land and building tax collection services at the Sukoharjo Regency Regional Revenue and Asset Financial Management Agency, there are several factors that need attention. The results of the research describing the Land and Building Tax collection services during the research show that land and building tax collection by BPKPAD has been carried out in accordance with the expectations of the local community, namely taxpayers. However, maximum results have not been achieved because there is still one problem. This means that there is no definite date for tax collection by the tax collector. It was also found that there were still obstacles in collecting land and building tax at the Financial Management Agency.