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Emotional intelligence (EQ) and spirituality (SQ) are two important aspects in shaping an individual's psychological balance. The study conducted a systematic review of 20 scientific articles to explore the relationship between the two in various contexts, such as education, organization, and health. The results of the study show that EQ and SQ are not only significantly interconnected, but also play a joint role in improving emotional regulation, resilience, and meaning of life. These findings confirm the importance of a holistic approach to self-development that integrates emotional and spiritual dimensions to achieve wholesome well-being. Further, empirical evidence indicates that individuals with high EQ and SQ tend to have better interpersonal skills, stronger adaptability, as well as lower levels of stress. The integration of these two constructs is also relevant for the design of positive psychology-based interventions and character education, as it can strengthen self-awareness, empathy, and value orientation. Thus, simultaneously strengthening EQ and SQ has the potential to be an effective strategy in improving quality of life and mental health across settings.

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunization is a mandatory basic immunization that must be administered to infants before two months of age as a preventive measure against tuberculosis. Timely administration of the BCG vaccine is crucial to ensure optimal protection and to maintain continuity of subsequent immunization schedules. Maternal knowledge is one of the factors influencing the timeliness of immunization. The achievement of BCG immunization at Muara Fajar Community Health Center in 2025 was 76.1%, still below the annual target of 90%. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the timely administration of BCG immunization among infants aged 0–2 months in the working area of Muara Fajar Public Health Center, Pekanbaru City. This study employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. A total of 59 mothers with infants aged 0–6 months were selected using accidental sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires assessing maternal knowledge of BCG immunization and the timeliness of BCG vaccine administration. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed that most mothers were aged 26–35 years (59.3%), had a senior high school education (52.2%), and were housewives (71.2%). Nearly half of the respondents had low knowledge levels (47.5%), while 54.2% of infants received BCG immunization on time. The Chi-square test revealed a significant association between maternal knowledge and timely BCG immunization (p=0.001). This study concludes that maternal knowledge plays a crucial role in ensuring timely BCG immunization in infants.  

Mental health among Generation Z university students has become an increasingly important issue amid rising academic demands and the rapid development of digital life. Students today face various academic pressures, including competition for achievement, heavy coursework, and performance targets, which may negatively affect their psychological well-being. In addition, advances in digital technology have reshaped students’ daily lives, particularly through intensified information exposure and social comparison. This study aims to examine the influence of academic competition and digital dynamics on the mental health of Generation Z students using a literature review approach. The research employs a descriptive qualitative literature review method by analyzing 20 relevant scholarly articles published in national and international journals between 2018 and 2024. The findings indicate that academic competition is closely associated with increased levels of stress, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion among students. Prolonged academic pressure without adequate psychological support may lead to a decline in students’ psychological well-being. Furthermore, digital life reinforces psychological pressure through mechanisms of social comparison and self-presentation demands. However, several studies also identify protective factors, such as social support, mental health literacy, and emotional regulation skills, which help students manage academic and digital pressures more adaptively. Therefore, the mental health of Generation Z students is shaped by a complex interaction between academic competition and digital life, highlighting the need for comprehensive efforts from both individuals and educational institutions to promote students’ psychological well-being.

Pregnancy complications remain a major health problem contributing to high maternal morbidity and mortality rates in Indonesia. Factors influencing the occurrence of pregnancy complications include the level of maternal knowledge and advanced maternal age. Advanced age increases the risk of pregnancy disorders due to decreased reproductive function, while low knowledge limits a mother’s ability to recognize danger signs and take appropriate preventive measures. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge level and advanced maternal age and the occurrence of pregnancy complications in the working area of Bonebobakal Public Health Center, Banggai Regency. This study employed a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 41 pregnant women selected through total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge level and maternal age with the occurrence of pregnancy complications. Health education and regular pregnancy monitoring are necessary to reduce the risk of complications and improve maternal and fetal safety..

Background: Clean and Healthy Living Behavior in Indonesia includes household.. In Indonesia, the level of knowledge and handwashing behavior of is still relatively low, an indication can be seen from the high prevalence of diarrhea. Research Objective: to determine the Relationship of Information Sources to Knowledge and Behavior of Adolescents About Clean Living in Nunkurus Village, East Kupang District. Research Method: This type of research uses Quasi Experiment One Group PreTest-PostTest Non Control Group, namely research with one subject who is given treatment or intervention before and after treatment. The population in this study is the community in this case adolescents in Nunkurus Village, East Kupang District, totaling 45 people. Sampling uses a total sampling technique. There are 3 research instruments used in this study including: respondent characteristic questionnaire, PHBS knowledge and health promotion educational video about PHBS. Data analysis using univariate in percentage and bivariate using Willcoxon Test. Results: the results of the study revealed the level of knowledge of the community before health promotion regarding PHBS, of the 45 respondents studied as many as 2 respondents (4.4%) had insufficient knowledge, 14 respondents (31.1%) had sufficient knowledge, and 29 respondents (64.4%) had good knowledge. From the results of the study, it was known that the level of knowledge of the community after health promotion regarding PHBS, of the 45 respondents studied as many as 17 respondents (37.8%) had good knowledge, 20 respondents (44.4%) had sufficient knowledge, and 8 respondents (17.8%) had insufficient knowledge. This is demonstrated by the results of the Wilcoxon ρ test (Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed) = 0.000 <0.05, indicating a relationship.

Human resource quality serves as a crucial pillar for national development, as it significantly influences a country’s progress and competitiveness. Therefore, enhancing human resource capacity has become a strategic priority, particularly at the regional level where local governments play a vital role. The Government of Bojonegoro Regency has introduced several initiatives to support this objective, including the Ten Scholars per Village Scholarship Program, the Scientist Scholarship, and Final Project Assistance. Despite these efforts, several implementation challenges remain, such as cases of manipulated eligibility requirements among applicants, the absence of a digitized system for registration and document submission, and limited communication channels between program administrators and scholarship recipients. This research seeks to examine, explain, and evaluate the role of local government, especially the Education Office, in executing scholarship programs based on the theoretical framework of government roles as regulator, dynamizer, and facilitator. The study employs a descriptive qualitative method, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation for data collection, followed by data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings reveal that although the local government has begun implementing scholarship programs, the execution is not fully effective. Supervision during participant selection focuses mainly on administrative completeness rather than document authenticity. Furthermore, direct outreach activities are limited to certain regions, coordination with village authorities remains minimal, and digital transformation has yet to be realized due to unsuccessful collaboration with the Communication and Information Agency despite several coordination meetings.

This study examines the impact of human resource quality, as measured by indicators from the Human Development Index (HDI), on economic growth in Denpasar City, Bali. This study utilizes quantitative secondary data collected from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for the period 2013 to 2021. This data includes a new method for calculating average years of schooling, life expectancy at birth, per capita expenditure, and economic growth. This study uses panel data regression from five provinces in Denpasar City, Bali, applying classical assumption tests, hypothesis tests, and coefficients of determination. Individually, education level has a significant and negative effect on economic growth in Denpasar City, Bali. Health does not show a significant and negative effect on economic growth in Denpasar City, Bali. While economics has a significant and positive effect on economic growth in Denpasar City, Bali. All three independent variables simultaneously have a significant impact on economic growth in Denpasar City, Bali. The most influential variable is economics.

Indonesia, as a country with a high level of disaster vulnerability, faces an increased risk of communicable diseases during the emergency response phase due to disrupted sanitation, limited access to clean water, overcrowded evacuation shelters, and weakened health services. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of health workers in health education and the prevention of communicable diseases during disaster emergency response. The method used is a literature review of relevant national and international scientific articles. The findings indicate that health workers have a multidimensional role, not only as providers of curative services but also as educators, change agents, advocates, and collaborators in promotive and preventive efforts. Effective health education, participatory risk communication, strengthened epidemiological surveillance, and the implementation of Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) are key strategies to reduce the risk of communicable disease outbreaks. However, implementation in the field still faces challenges, including limited resources, cross-sectoral coordination constraints, heavy workloads, and suboptimal disaster-related policy systems and standard operating procedures (SOPs). Therefore, strengthening the capacity of health workers through training, policy support, and community-based approaches is necessary to enhance health system resilience in responding to disaster crises.

This study aims to describe the implementation of innovative learning strategies through the Game-Based Learning (GBL) model to enhance the active participation of tenth-grade students in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at MA Hasyimiyah. The research is motivated by the prevalence of conventional teacher-centered learning, which results in low student engagement and enthusiasm. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design, the research subjects included tenth-grade students at MA Hasyimiyah and Field Experience Practice (PPL) students as key informants who conducted the lessons directly. Data collection techniques included classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with PPL students, and documentation gathered during a one-month PPL period. The results indicate that the application of the GBL model utilizing digital media such as Quizizz, Wordwall, Zep Quiz, and Spinner, as well as manual media like question-and-answer cards, significantly increased learning motivation, classroom interaction, and active participation. This improvement was evidenced by students' increased confidence in expressing opinions and intensive involvement in group discussions. Although challenges such as limited infrastructure, unstable internet connections, and restricted student device access were identified, these obstacles were effectively overcome through adaptive strategies by PPL students, who modified digital games into manual formats. This study confirms that innovative and adaptive learning strategies play a crucial role in enhancing student participation levels, particularly within the context of schools with limited facilities.

The low level of interest and motivation among elementary school students in learning mathematics, particularly in plane geometry topics, remains a common problem. This community service activity aimed to improve students’ interest and understanding of plane geometry concepts through the implementation of the Inspiration Class as an educational medium that connects mathematical material with students’ aspirations. The activity was conducted at SDN 056024 Dogang, Langkat Regency, involving sixth-grade students. The implementation method employed a participatory and educational approach consisting of preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. The activities included the delivery of plane geometry material, interactive discussions, and a creative project in the form of a “dream tree” using origami shaped into plane figures. The evaluation was performed qualitatively by observing student engagement and interactions in question-and-answer sessions, and analysis of students’ work. The results showed that the Inspiration Class created a more active and enjoyable learning atmosphere, increased student participation, and helped students better understand the concepts and properties of plane figures. In addition, this activity motivated students by linking mathematics learning with future aspirations and professions. Therefore, the Inspiration Class can be considered an effective alternative educational medium for teaching mathematics at the elementary school level.

The increasing use of Learning Management Systems (LMS) in higher education generates large amounts of student activity data that have the potential to provide deeper insights into learning processes. However, in practice, these data are still rarely analyzed systematically to understand variations in students’ learning activity patterns, limiting their practical use in supporting teaching and learning. This study aims to explore students’ learning activity patterns in an LMS using a clustering approach based on activity data.This research utilizes the publicly available Open University Learning Analytics Dataset (OULAD), focusing on a single course and a single academic term. LMS activity data were processed through data cleaning and feature extraction, followed by student clustering using the K-Means algorithm. The quality of the clustering results was evaluated using the Silhouette Score, and visual analysis was applied to support the interpretation of the results.The results indicate that students’ learning activities can be grouped into two main patterns, namely a group of students with high learning activity and a group with lower or moderate activity levels. These findings highlight the existence of heterogeneous learning behaviors among students, even within the same learning context.The identified learning activity patterns provide an initial foundation for utilizing LMS data to monitor student engagement and to support the development of more responsive, data-driven learning approaches in higher education.

Background: Anemia is often a health problem experienced by many students, mainly due to an unbalanced diet and a lack of essential nutrients, such as iron, which the body needs. Nursing students, as future health workers, should be highly aware of the importance of a nutritious diet to support their health and academic performance. This study is useful for determining the relationship between diet and the incidence of anemia in fourth-semester nursing students at Sultan Agung Islamic University in Semarang. Methods: This study adopted a correlational descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 173 fourth-semester students from the Faculty of Nursing, with a sample of 121 respondents selected purposively. Data were collected using a dietary questionnaire and hemoglobin level tests, then analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Results: The majority of students had poor dietary patterns (41.3%), but 81 respondents (66.9%) still experienced anemia. The output of the Chi-Square test revealed a significant relationship between dietary patterns and the incidence of anemia (p-value = 0.001). In conclusion, there is an important relationship between dietary patterns and the incidence of anemia among fourth-semester nursing students. Students who have poor dietary patterns tend to have a higher risk of anemia. Efforts are needed to raise nutritional awareness through education and the promotion of balanced dietary habits on campus.

Increasingly complex environmental problems, including pollution, ecosystem degradation, and climate change, demand greater awareness and active participation from all sectors of society, particularly students as agents of change. A clean and green campus environment is essential for supporting comfort, health, and the sustainability of academic activities. As centers of education and innovation, universities hold a strategic responsibility to cultivate environmental awareness through the implementation of the green campus concept. This study aims to examine the level of student awareness regarding campus cleanliness and greening based on findings from previous research. The method employed is a literature review, analyzing various relevant sources such as scientific journal articles, academic books, and policy documents related to sustainable campus management. The analysis was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach to identify recurring patterns, prevailing trends, and key factors influencing students’ environmental awareness and behavior. The results indicate that student awareness levels generally fall within the fair to good category. Students with higher environmental awareness tend to participate more actively in maintaining cleanliness and supporting campus greening initiatives. However, the development of environmentally responsible behavior is strongly influenced by adequate facilities, supportive institutional policies, and a sustainability-oriented campus culture. Therefore, strengthening the role of higher education institutions through comprehensive environmental policies and structured sustainability programs is crucial to fostering clean, green, and sustainable campuses.

Skin diseases are common health problems in boarding school environments due to communal living conditions. The implementation of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) plays an important role in preventing skin diseases and can be strengthened through pharmaceutical education. This study aimed to determine the relationship between PHBS knowledge based on pharmaceutical education and skin disease prevention behavior among Islamic boarding school students. This study employed an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 31 students were included using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using appropriate bivariate statistical tests. The results showed that most respondents had a high level of PHBS knowledge (61.29%) and good skin disease prevention behavior (58.06%). Bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between PHBS knowledge and skin disease prevention behavior (p < 0.05). This study concludes that PHBS knowledge based on pharmaceutical education is associated with skin disease prevention behavior among boarding school students. Continuous pharmaceutical education is recommended as a promotive and preventive strategy to improve students’ health in boarding school settings.

Oral communication is a core competency in 21st-century education; however, instructional materials in elementary schools tend to emphasize reading and writing rather than structured speaking practice. This gap highlights the need for innovative learning resources that explicitly foster students’ oral communication skills. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a Project-Based Learning (PjBL) module designed to enhance the oral communication skills of fourth-grade elementary school students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, encompassing analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The participants were 30 fourth-grade students, and the developed module was validated by three experts in material, media, and language. Data were collected through validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and pretest–posttest performance assessments.The expert validation results indicated high feasibility, with scores of 95% (material), 94% (media), and 96% (language), yielding an overall average of 95%. Teacher and student responses demonstrated strong practicality (92% and 88%, respectively; average 90%). The effectiveness test revealed a significant improvement in students’ oral communication performance, with mean scores increasing from 67 (pretest) to 86 (posttest), resulting in an N-Gain of 0.65, categorized as moderately high effectiveness. These findings suggest that the developed PjBL module is feasible, practical, and effective in improving elementary students’ oral communication skills. The study contributes to the field of communication-oriented instructional design by demonstrating how structured project-based modules, supported by simple digital enhancements such as QR-linked instructional videos, can systematically integrate speaking practice into Indonesian language learning at the primary level.

Toddlers are a critical age group 0–59 months who require optimal nutritional intake to support physical and cognitive growth and development. The quality of toddler feeding patterns is influenced by family socioeconomic factors, including income, education, and parental occupation. This study aims to analyze the relationship between family socioeconomic status and toddler feeding patterns in the working area of the Saritani Community Health Center, Boalemo Regency. This study used an observational design with a cross-sectional approach and involved 40 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, interviews, observations, and secondary data from the Community Health Center, then analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p < 0.05 . Results: Most families have middle (45%) and low (40%) socioeconomic status. Good feeding patterns are received by 55% of toddlers, while 45% have inadequate feeding patterns. The analysis shows a significant relationship between family socioeconomic status and toddler feeding patterns (p = 0.043). Families with low incomes and limited maternal education tend to provide food with less than optimal variety and nutritional content. Conclusion: Family socioeconomic status has a significant influence on toddler feeding patterns in Saritani.

Background: Breastfeeding is a crucial practice that provides optimal nutrition and immunity for infants while supporting maternal health. However, inadequate knowledge and limited understanding about the importance of breastfeeding often lead to low motivation among pregnant women in preparing for breastfeeding. Providing structured education is expected improve pregnant women’s readiness and commitment to breastfeeding after childbirth. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of providing education about the importance of breastfeeding on the motivation of pregnant women in preparing to breastfeed at the Paguat Community Health Center UPTD. Methods: This study employed a pre-experimental design with one-group pretest–posttest approach. A total of 30 pregnant women were selected as the sample using purposive sampling techniques. Data on mothers’ motivation to prepare for breastfeeding were collected before and after the educational intervention using a structured motivation questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to assess differences in motivation levels before and after the intervention. Results: The results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant effect of breastfeeding education on the motivation of pregnant women in preparing breastfeed. The findings demonstrate that educational interventions significantly increased maternal motivation following the provision of education. Conclusion: Providing education about the importance of breastfeeding has a significant positive effect on the motivation of pregnant women in preparing to breastfeed. Therefore, breastfeeding education should be strengthened and routinely implemented during antenatal care services to improve maternal readiness and support successful breastfeeding practices.

Background: Regular antenatal care is essential to ensure maternal and fetal health during pregnancy and to prevent complications. The level of maternal education plays an important role in shaping health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to pregnancy care. Mothers with higher education levels tend to have better awareness and understanding of the importance of routine pregnancy check-ups. However, irregular antenatal visits are still found in several regions, including the working area of the Gandasuli Community Health Center, South Bacan District, South Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between mother’s education level and the regularity of pregnancy check-ups at the Gandasuli Community Health Center, South Bacan District, South Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province.Methods: This study employed a quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 30 pregnant women selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and maternal health records to assess education level and the regularity of antenatal care visits. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test.Results: The results of the Wilcoxon test showed a significant relationship between mother’s education level and the regularity of pregnancy check-ups, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between mother’s education level and the regularity of pregnancy check-ups at the Gandasuli Community Health Center. Improving maternal education and strengthening health education programs are essential to increase compliance with routine antenatal care visits and improve maternal and fetal health outcomes.  

Personal hygiene is an essential factor in maintaining the health and quality of life of the elderly, as aging is often accompanied by a decline in physical strength, mobility, and cognitive function that can reduce the ability to maintain personal cleanliness independently. Limited understanding of the importance of personal hygiene may increase the risk of infections, skin disorders, and other health complications, making education and awareness crucial for promoting better hygiene behavior. This study used a descriptive correlational design with a cross-sectional approach involving 204 elderly individuals residing at the Pucang Gading Elderly Social Service Home in Semarang and Wening Wardoyo Ungaran, with 135 respondents selected using a non-probability sampling technique. Data were collected using validated and reliable questionnaires measuring the level of understanding and personal hygiene practices and were analyzed using the Somers’d statistical test. The results showed that most respondents were female (60%) and aged between 70–79 years (48.9%). The level of understanding of personal hygiene among the elderly was predominantly in the moderate category (72.6%), and their personal hygiene practices were also mostly categorized as moderate (72.6%). Statistical analysis revealed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.472, indicating a positive and significant relationship between the level of understanding and personal hygiene practices. These findings suggest that improving knowledge through continuous education and guidance from health workers is necessary to enhance awareness, independence, and hygiene behavior among the elderly.

This research investigates the impact of Creative Problem Solving (CPS) within a group counseling framework to mitigate academic-related stress in students. Intense scholastic expectations often compromise a student’s psychological health and academic achievements, making this a critical area of intervention. Employing a quasi-experimental quantitative design, this study utilized a single-group pretest-posttest model. Participants exhibiting elevated stress markers were recruited via purposive sampling. The core intervention involved systematic group sessions centered on diagnostic problem-solving, divergent idea generation, and strategic decision-making. Pre- and post-intervention data were gathered through a standardized assessment scale and processed using parametric statistics. The data revealed a substantial decline in academic stress levels post-treatment. These results underscore the efficacy of CPS-based counseling in fostering cognitive flexibility. Ultimately, this approach provides a robust mechanism for students to develop resilient coping strategies against educational pressures.