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This literature review explores academic resilience among students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic caused unprecedented educational disruptions, forcing students to adapt to online learning, social isolation, and increased psychological stress. Academic resilience defined as the capacity to maintain or regain academic functioning despite adversity emerged as a crucial factor in students’ adaptation. This review synthesizes findings from national and international studies published between 2020 and 2024, identifying key protective factors such as self-regulated learning, parental support, digital literacy, and school engagement. The study also discusses implications for educational policy and mental health interventions to support student well-being. The findings highlight the importance of systemic support in fostering resilience beyond individual traits.  

The relocation of Jakarta's capital to the National Capital Region (IKN) has sparked a heated debate in public policy circles. This article delves into the reasons why the House of Representatives (DPR) rejected the proposal, highlighting several key factors. The financial aspect was a major concern, given the high cost of building new infrastructure in IKN Nusantara, particularly in light of limited state funds and other development priorities. The social impact was also an important consideration, as population displacement, changes in lifestyle, and economic uncertainty were among the many potential consequences of moving the capital. Additionally, environmental issues such as ecosystem damage and increased pollution were also significant points of concern. Political stability was another crucial factor in the DPR's decision, as the potential disruption to stability caused by the move would need to be carefully assessed. The DPR has emphasized the importance of broad public consultation to ensure that any proposed relocation is supported by the community. An article highlights South Africa's successful capital relocation as an example of effective planning, strong public participation, and the resolution of infrastructure issues. These remarks can be applied to the Indonesian context to achieve a successful relocation.

After the enactment of Presidential Decree no. 12 of 2020 and PP no. 21 of 2020 regarding Covid-19 and PSBB, many public services experienced disruption, including marriage services. To avoid crowds at the District KUA, the number of marriage ceremonies is limited to eight couples per day. However, the Kabanjahe District KUA reported an increase in marriage requests in recent times, especially during the pandemic. Therefore, researchers are interested in examining the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on marriage contracts at the KUA Kabanjahe District in 2022, with a focus on the implementation of Presidential Decree no. 12 of 2020 and PP no. 21 of 2020, especially the principle of mashlahah murlahah, is considered impermissible because it can cause harm or damage to humanity. This legal determination is based on the principle of ushul fiqh which states that "rejecting damage must take precedence over bringing benefit". In this context, the damage referred to is the risk of spreading Covid-19 among the Walimatul 'Ursy participants. Meanwhile, bringing benefit means continuing to carry out walimatul 'ursy as a form of notification to the public about the existence of a bond between the bride and groom's families. Supporting factors for this include good coordination between the KUA and assistants such as the Covid-19 officer unit, health educators and community leaders who are aware of social restrictions. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is the lack of public awareness regarding the importance of complying with regulations.

The emergence of financial technology (fintech) has brought significant disruption to the conventional banking industry. Fintech offers faster, cheaper and more accessible financial services, which appeal to many customers, especially the younger generation. This study aims to analyse the impact of fintech on the future of conventional banking, with a focus on Bank Mandiri, one of the largest banks in Indonesia. The results show that fintech has a significant impact on various aspects of conventional banking, including: 1) Products and services. Fintech offers innovative and diverse financial products and services that conventional banks cannot access. 2) Distribution channels: Fintechs utilise digital technology to reach customers directly, without the need for physical branches. 3) Business model. Fintech has a more efficient and cost-effective business model compared to conventional banks. 4) Customer engagement. Fintech offers a more personalised and interactive customer experience. Bank Mandiri shows that the bank has taken various strategic steps to face competition with fintech, such as: developing digital services, collaborating with fintech startups, improving operational efficiency. Disputes between fintech consumers and fintech service providers can be resolved through: negotiation, mediation, arbitration, court and legal comparison with default. In addition, we also highlight the need for collaboration between government agencies, industry players, and the tech community to develop a comprehensive and adaptive regulatory framework.

PT. Synergy Informatics Innovation faces general problems in managing the guidance of apprentices which is currently still done manually. The communication process between interns and their supervisors tends to be less efficient, resulting in disruption to the focus of supervisors and other employees. As a solution to this problem, the author plans to build a web-based information system for managing interns' guidance. This system will be created using the PHP programming language, with the Laravel framework to ensure reliability and efficiency. Choosing Tailwind CSS as a display framework aims to create an attractive and responsive interface. This system aims to facilitate communication between interns and supervisors, as well as minimize disruption to employees.

The aim of this research is to determine the performance of TRT from 2021 to 2023, identify the causes and impacts of TRT that exceeds the standard set time. The research design used is descriptive research with a mixed methods approach (qualitative )The type of data used is qualitative and quantitative data presented in numbers and sentences that support the author's opinion in analyzing this research. Data sources in this research are divided into primary data sources obtained from interviews, observations and literature studies and secondary data sources obtained from company data in the form of throughput data, TRT for 2021 to 2023, printed books, journals and the internet. The results of this research are that the TRT performance at PT Terminal Petikemas Surabaya is good because in 2021 to 2023 the dominant number of trucks at the TRT was less than 30 minutes, although there could be indications of a decline in performance. This decline in performance is indicated by an increase in the number of trucks from 2021 to 2023 on TRT of more than 30 minutes. The causes of TRT exceeding the standard determination time are density factors in the stacking yard, equipment factors (service and availability), human resource factors and natural factors. The negative impact of TRT that exceeds the standard set time is disruption of loading and unloading activities, internal company losses and decreased customer loyalty. Suggestions that can be used in overcoming TRT (Truck Round Time) problems are that good coordination is needed in accordance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), good improvisation from human resources, systems and equipment as well as yard planners carrying out various plan innovations by shortening slots so that RTG movements are not too displacement length.

This study aims to analyze the application of agile management in responding to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic in culinary MSMEs Lunpia Delight in Semarang City. Agile management allows companies to adapt quickly through digital transformation and product innovation. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with management and employees and field observations. The results of the study show that agile management helps Lunpia Delight increase online sales by 50% after shifting focus from offline sales to various digital platforms. Product innovation such as ready-to-eat lunpia packages is also an effective strategy in attracting new consumers. However, this study identifies limitations in digital infrastructure and resistance to change as major challenges that need to be overcome. The conclusion of this study shows that the application of agile management and digital transformation is an effective strategy for MSMEs in facing market disruption. The limitation of this study lies in the focus of the study, which is only on one MSME, so the findings may not be generalizable to other sectors.

Microplastic exposure in healthcare workers is a growing concern, yet it remains underexplored, especially in the context of their multifaceted exposure pathways. This study aims to quantify the exposure of healthcare workers to microplastics through three primary pathways: occupational, environmental, and dietary. By adopting a One-Health approach, which integrates human, animal, and environmental health sectors, this research assesses microplastic levels across hospital settings, comparing clinical and non-clinical staff. The study found that healthcare workers, particularly those working in clinical departments like laboratories and physiotherapy, had a 35% higher exposure rate to microplastics compared to non-clinical staff. Occupational exposure was linked to direct contact with medical disposables and contaminated surfaces, while environmental exposure primarily occurred through airborne particles and dust. Dietary exposure, especially from seafood and plastic-packaged foods, contributed significantly to the overall exposure. The findings highlight the importance of considering multiple pathways when assessing microplastic risks and suggest that microplastics are an emerging health hazard for healthcare workers. Potential health risks include respiratory issues, gastrointestinal disturbances, endocrine disruption, and chronic conditions such as neurotoxicity and cancer. This study underscores the need for policy changes, including the reduction of single-use plastics in healthcare environments, improvements in ventilation, and the development of dietary guidelines to limit microplastic intake. Future research should focus on the long-term health impacts of chronic microplastic exposure in healthcare workers and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to mitigate these risks.

This study evaluates the policy implementation of the face recognition system at Surabaya Gubeng Station as a digital innovation in public service by PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero). Using a qualitative approach and the policy evaluation model by William N. Dunn, the study assesses six key indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, responsiveness, accuracy, and equity. The findings indicate that the system is effective in accelerating the boarding process, reducing queues, and improving passenger convenience. Efficiency is achieved through reduced staff workload and automated identity verification. However, several challenges remain, including technical disruptions, data input errors, and low digital literacy among users. Personal data protection is also a concern as most users are not fully aware of how their biometric data is managed. Therefore an adaptive governance strategy is needed, involving infrastructure improvement, staff training, public education, and greater transparency in data policy. With these measures, the face recognition system can serve not only as a tool for technical efficiency but also as a form of inclusive and sustainable public service transformation.

This research investigates ship maintenance management within the context of vocational education in maritime engineering, focusing on the experiences of senior students during internships in port and shipping management industries. Utilising qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, the study explores the practical application of theoretical knowledge in preventive, corrective, and proactive maintenance strategies. Seven participants from a shipping vocational school in Jakarta provided insights into methodologies, challenges, and educational outcomes in ship maintenance. Key findings highlight the effectiveness of preventive maintenance in enhancing operational reliability and reducing downtime, despite challenges such as resource constraints and operational disruptions. Recommendations include curriculum enhancements to integrate advanced training in predictive maintenance technologies and promote sustainable practices. The research underscores the importance of vocational education in preparing future maritime engineers for industry demands and advancing sustainable practices in maritime transportation.  

The digital age has revolutionized many aspects of life, including the way we negotiate. Digital platforms such as social media, email and video conferencing have opened up new opportunities to negotiate with parties around the world. However, these changes also present new challenges that require adaptive and innovative negotiation strategies. This research aims to observe and understand the interactions and dynamics of negotiations taking place on digital platforms. Qualitative methods were used to analyze effective negotiation strategies in the digital era through various digital platforms. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with digital platform users, direct observation of the negotiation process on digital platforms, as well as a literacy review of previous research. The results show that negotiations are increasingly turning to online platforms that offer flexibility, wide coverage and easy access to information. However, digital negotiations also face significant challenges such as a lack of non-verbal communication, difficulty in building trust, and potential technological disruptions. To create effective negotiations in the digital age, an adaptive strategy is needed that takes into account the unique characteristics of digital negotiations and helps companies reach mutually beneficial agreements. This strategy includes seven steps outlined by Poerwanto (2014), namely preparation, first contact, assessment, confrontation, conciliation, solution, and post-negotiation.

Islamic da'wah in the era of digital technology has undergone a major transformation with the presence of social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Muhammadiyah, as one of the largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia, seeks to optimize digital media to spread Wasathiyah Islamic values more widely and quickly. The main challenge in digital da'wah is to ensure that the information conveyed remains accurate and does not cause misinformation. Haedar Nashir, Chairman of Muhammadiyah, emphasized the importance of combining fiqh on social media with public ethics, as well as involving the younger generation in digital da'wah to ensure that the message of da'wah remains relevant and acceptable to various levels of society. With an innovative and responsive strategy, Muhammadiyah da'wah is expected to be able to answer the challenges of the times while maintaining Islamic principles in facing the era of disruption.

Village Institutions in Village Government have their respective functions and authorities. Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) as one of the Village institutions has a function as a bridging forum in order to empower women to participate in Indonesia's welfare development. Like other village institutions, Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) in Mekajadi Village, Sadananaya District, Ciamis Regency, generally has the same function. Therefore, this service activity aims to provide increased understanding regarding the function of the village institution itself, namely the PKK, in the current era of disruption. The method used in this activity is carried out by providing awareness or increasing understanding about the PKK as one of the Village institutions. The results of this activity show that there is still a need to increase human resources to improve quality in the current era of disruption

Flies are vectors for disease transmission, especially mechanically and through their vomit and feces. Items, especially food, are usually contaminated by human feces, rubbish, the saliva of sick people, scars from animal carcasses and other things that are covered in flies. Flies can throw feces on food so that the food becomes contaminated with fly eggs and larvae. Disruption of comfort, eyesore, itching of the skin, causing discomfort, decreased appetite. To determine the density and identification of flies in the Waiheru Perumnas market, Baguala District, Ambon City. Type of descriptive research that describes a condition based on observation and examination of the Ambon Environmental Health Engineering Center (BTKL) Laboratory. The aim of descriptive research is to describe the density and identification of flies in the Waiheru Perumnas market, Baguala District, Ambon City. Measuring the density of flies in the Waiheru Perumnas market, Baguala District, Ambon City is based on 3 points, 10 measurements at each point in the morning, at the first point (los fish) amounted to 87 flies, at point II (vegetable stall there were 55 flies and at point III (fruit stall) there were 45 flies. Identification of fly types resulted in 3 types of flies identified, namely Musca Domestica (house fly), Cliphora Sp (green flies) and Sarcophaga (meat flies). The density of flies in the Waiheru Perumnas market, Baguala District, Ambon City, based on the installation of fly grills based on the 10 highest points, was 187 flies and at the 5 highest points was 134 flies with 23 flies caught in the fly trap. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the density of flies is very high so it is necessary to deal with fly breeding sites and fly control measures.

One of the most difficult issues for a country to avoid is reducing the unemployment rate, and this problem is often referred to as a multidimensional issue. Unemployment serves as a starting point for other social problems, such as criminal activity and other economic issues. A low unemployment rate reflects an improving standard of living for the population. Therefore, government policies are needed not only from a micro perspective but also from a macro perspective, considering the dynamic inflation rate. This report is used to analyze the dynamic relationship between inflation and the unemployment rate in Indonesia during the period 2019 - 2023. This period has caused a rather complex economic disruption, so the inflation-unemployment relationship may differ from classical economic theory. This study also compares the effectiveness of the Phillips curve on government policy. The data used are secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), including the inflation rate and the open unemployment rate. The method of analysis used is descriptive quantitative. The research results show that there is a negative relationship between inflation and the unemployment rate in Indonesia during the period 2019 - 2023. This means that when inflation increases, the unemployment rate decreases, and vice versa. However, based on current real conditions, they are now aligned. Government policies aimed at controlling inflation need to consider their impact on the unemployment rate.

This study aims to identify the factors influencing delays in the claim process of theRetirement Savings Scheme (JHT) at the BPJS Employment Branch Office in Medan. Aqualitative approach was employed through in-depth interviews with BPJS employees,rticipants,andbranch managers.The findingsrevealthatinternalfactorssuch asincomplete documentation, human resource limitations, and technological system disruptionsplay a significant role in causing claim delays. Additionally, external factors includingsuddengovernmentregulatorychangesand inadequateparticipantinformation alsocontribute to these delays. The impact of claim delays on participant satisfaction is profound,necessitating improvements in claim management administration. Based on these findings, itis recommended to enhanceparticipant education and awareness, strengthen humanresources, improve technological system reliability, and develop adaptive mechanisms forregulatory changes to enhance efficiency and participant satisfaction in the JHT claimprocessattheBPJS EmploymentBranchOfficein Medan

Social media is used freely and without control causing quite a number of people in the era of disruption to engage in various actions that are not in accordance with religious norms and values. Therefore serious treatment is needed, one of which is Christian ethics education. The purpose of this study is to find out the phenomenon of social media use in the era of disruption and the importance of Christian ethics education. The research method used was literature review and analyzed using a descriptive approach. The results of the study explain that in facing the progress of the times, every Christian needs to understand the phenomenon of the use of social media in the era of disruption by most people, including: Spending a lot of time playing social media, social media as one of the perpetrators of crime, social media is one of the factors growing anti-social behavior. Apart from that, to prepare Christians to have a life that pleases God, it is necessary to take various approaches, including by implementing Christian ethics education in their daily lives, which aims to: Prepare Christians to face challenges of faith in the era of disruption, make them aware of the importance of social values, anticipate in the misuse of social media technology, as a means of instilling Biblical values, motivating to always be a blessing through social media in an era of disruption.

Social media is used freely and without control causing quite a number of people in the era of disruption to engage in various actions that are not in accordance with religious norms and values. Therefore serious treatment is needed, one of which is Christian ethics education. The purpose of this study is to find out the phenomenon of social media use in the era of disruption and the importance of Christian ethics education. The research method used was literature review and analyzed using a descriptive approach. The results of the study explain that in facing the progress of the times, every Christian needs to understand the phenomenon of the use of social media in the era of disruption by most people, including: Spending a lot of time playing social media, social media as one of the perpetrators of crime, social media is one of the factors growing anti-social behavior. Apart from that, to prepare Christians to have a life that pleases God, it is necessary to take various approaches, including by implementing Christian ethics education in their daily lives, which aims to: Prepare Christians to face challenges of faith in the era of disruption, make them aware of the importance of social values, anticipate in the misuse of social media technology, as a means of instilling Biblical values, motivating to always be a blessing through social media in an era of disruption.

Traditional wooden motorboats are ships that are built traditionally based on the experience of the builder without a basic design process like modern ships. The sizes of traditional wooden ships are usually small and are mostly used as fishing vessels, passenger ships and inter-island cargo ships, especially in eastern Indonesia. Traditional wooden motor boats have become a means of local transportation to serve shipping needs in the regions and as a means of local transportation. Sailing certainly has various problems which can be caused by weather factors, the condition of shipping lanes, other ships, and things beyond human capabilities, which can cause shipping disruptions and even cause emergencies. Emergency means a situation outside normal conditions that occurs on board a ship which has a tendency to endanger human life, property, objects and the environment where the ship is located. One way to anticipate emergency events is to provide safety equipment. IMO (International Marine Organization) as a maritime world organization issued SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) which contains provisions regarding what safety equipment is on board ships such as Life Jackets, Ring Buoys and Fire Extinguisher. However, in fact, fulfilling the safety equipment requires independent costs from traditional motorboat owners so there is a priority in fulfilling the safety equipment. Based on the results of the Analytical Hierarchy Process calculations in priority fulfillment of safety equipment with the final result of 36.6% Life Jacket, 30.8% Ring Buoy and 33.6% Fire Extinguisher. With these results, ship owners can determine their priorities in anticipating future emergencies

Digital transformation in the public transportation sector is part of the national development priority agenda aimed at improving service quality and operational efficiency. This study aims to analyze the implementation of cashless payment-based digital transformation in public transportation policy on the Suroboyo Bus in Surabaya, analyze service quality based on SERVQUAL dimensions, identify supporting and inhibiting factors for implementation, and evaluate the success and shortcomings of the policy. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The results show that the implementation of cashless payment on the Suroboyo Bus has been running well since 2018, with four main payment methods: QRIS, e-money cards, plastic waste contributions, and the Child Identity Card (KIA). QRIS has become the dominant payment method with a 48% share in 2025. Service quality based on SERVQUAL dimensions shows good results in the aspects of tangibles, reliability, and responsiveness, but still requires improvement in the dimensions of assurance and empathy. Supporting factors for implementation include government commitment, the availability of regulations (Perwali No. 22 of 2023)., adequate infrastructure, and support from digital payment service providers. Inhibiting factors include limited digital literacy, internet network disruptions, limited economic access, and lack of socialization. The success of the policy is reflected in increased operational efficiency, financial transparency, and a rise in the number of users from 1.2 million (2019). to 3.5 million (2025). Shortcomings of the policy include the digital gap for vulnerable groups, dependence on internet networks, and a decrease in participation in the plastic waste payment program from 25% (2023). to 12% (2025).