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Diabetes Mellitus is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders in the body which are associated with a lack of insulin secretion. Generally, DM therapy can be carried out using pharmacology and non-pharmacology. Non-pharmacological therapy that can be carried out is AAROM therapy and a low carbohydrate diet. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of AAROM therapy and a low carbohydrate diet on reducing blood glucose levels in elderly people suffering from type 2 DM in Ngepoh Village. This type of research isPre-experimentalby designTwo groups pre-post test. The total population was 90 respondents and the sample size was 33 elderly respondents suffering from type 2 DM in Ngepoh Village which were taken by purposive sampling. Data collection in this research used questionnaires and observation sheets. Analyzed with SPSS 20 using testsMan Whitney. The results of this study showed that the average blood glucose value in the control group was 282 mg/dl pre glucose and 177 mg/dl post glucose. Meanwhile, the mean blood glucose value in the treatment group with pre glucose was 295 mg/dl and post glucose was 144 mg/dl and there was an effect of AAROM therapy and a low carbohydrate diet on reducing blood glucose levels in elderly people suffering from type 2 DM in Ngepoh Village (ρ = 0.000 < α= 0.005) So type 2 DM sufferers are expected to be able to control blood glucose, one of them is by doing AAROM Therapy and a low carbohydrate diet. AAROM therapy can reduce insulin resistance, making it easier for glucose to enter cells, preventing obesity, and improving venous blood flow.

Hypertension or high blood pressure is defined as a continuous increase in blood pressure that exceeds normal limits (Nuraini et al., 2023). Hypertension occurs due to several factors, the first being modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Among the modifiable risk factors for hypertension are smoking and obesity. People who smoke more than one pack of cigarettes per day will be twice as vulnerable as people who do not smoke (Luh et al., 2020). The purpose of this study was to determine the correlational between smoking and BMI with the incidence of hypertension in adult men in Alassumur Lor Besuk Probolinggo. The research design used an Correlational Analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was 35 with a total sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire, then the data obtained will be tested by Spearman rank. The results of the study obtained the smoking variable ρ = 0.018, the BMI variable ρ = 0.071. This shows that there is a corelation between smoking behavior and BMI with the incidence of hypertension. Smoking behavior that is increasingly uncontrolled will cause hypertension and accumulation of fat on the walls of blood vessels can cause narrowing and hardening, increasing blood flow resistance and ultimately increasing blood pressure. It is hoped that respondents will reduce their smoking habits and start a healthy life by maintaining a diet, exercising regularly and eating nutritious foods.

Fungal infections, such as those caused by Curvularia, can interfere with the vegetative growth and reduce the quality of oil palm seedlings, particularly in the main nursery phase. One solution to improve resistance to pathogens and support vegetative growth is by applying the right foliar fertilizer. This study aimed to determine the effect of Kenfolan foliar fertilizer application on vegetative growth and the level of Curvularia infection in oil palm seedlings during the main nursery phase. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments of Kenfolan fertilizer concentrations: 0 ml/L (P1), 1 ml/L (P2), 2 ml/L (P3), 3 ml/L (P4), and 4 ml/L (P5), each repeated three times. The parameters measured included seedling height, stem diameter, number of fronds, and the percentage of Curvularia infection. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. The results showed that treatment P4 (3 ml/L) provided the best vegetative growth, with seedling height reaching 40.07 cm, stem diameter of 1.58 cm, and an average of 4.25 fronds. Additionally, treatments P3 (2 ml/L) and P4 (3 ml/L) successfully suppressed Curvularia infection, with no infection found in these treatments. In contrast, treatment P1 (control) showed the highest infection level of 33%, while P5 (4 ml/L) increased the infection compared to P3 and P4. Based on the results, the application of Kenfolan foliar fertilizer at a dose of 3 ml/L (P4) was the most effective in improving vegetative growth and suppressing Curvularia infection in oil palm seedlings in the main nursery phase.

Principal management plays a crucial role in the development of teachers, significantly influencing their professional competence and performance in carrying out educational responsibilities. This study aims to describe and analyze (1) principal management strategies in teacher development, (2) obstacles encountered during the implementation of these strategies, and (3) solutions to overcome the identified obstacles. The research was conducted at SMA Muhammadiyah 8 Palembang using a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques included interviews with school leaders and teachers, direct observations of school activities, and document analysis related to teacher development programs. Data were analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that principal management in teacher development involves structured planning, implementation of professional training, performance evaluation, mentoring programs, and the establishment of collaborative work teams aligned with the school's vision and mission. However, several obstacles were identified in the implementation process, such as limited human and financial resources, differences in teacher readiness and motivation, resistance to new policies or changes, and difficulties in maintaining consistent monitoring and supervision. To address these challenges, school leaders have adopted various strategies, including intensifying teacher training and mentoring, promoting teamwork among staff, utilizing digital technology to support learning and supervision, and building partnerships with external education stakeholders. Additionally, regular evaluations and feedback mechanisms are conducted to ensure that teacher development programs remain responsive to current needs. This research emphasizes the importance of effective leadership and adaptive strategies in fostering continuous professional growth for teachers within the school environment.

Knee osteoarthritis is a global health issue with increasing prevalence, particularly among the elderly population. This condition is characterized by primary symptoms such as joint pain, stiffness, and reduced physical function, which significantly limit the patient's daily activities. One promising non-pharmacological approach to managing knee osteoarthritis is Home-Based Resistance Training (HBRT). HBRT combines the effectiveness of resistance training with the convenience of being performed at home and is increasingly supported by advancements in telerehabilitation technology. This study is a systematic review conducted based on the PRISMA-P guidelines, with literature searches from PubMed, Scopus, Semantic Scholar, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. The included articles were English-language publications from 2019 to 2024 that evaluated the effectiveness of HBRT in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The findings indicate that HBRT is significantly effective in reducing joint pain, with a decrease in WOMAC scores ranging from 24.78% to 29.64% (p < 0.001), and improving physical function by 21.54% to 30.2%. These improvements meet the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID) criteria, indicating clinically significant benefits. Furthermore, the effectiveness of HBRT is comparable to machine-based training, particularly in patients with high baseline severity. With standardized exercise protocols and adequate technological support, HBRT can be considered a feasible and effective intervention strategy in the rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis patients, especially in the digital era and in contexts where access to conventional healthcare facilities is limited.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion. Optimal dietary management plays a crucial role in maintaining blood glucose stability. This study analyzes an optimal control model of dietary patterns in the treatment of T2DM using the Runge-Kutta 4th Order (RK4) method. Simulation results show that optimal regulation of calorie intake and glycemic index significantly helps maintain blood glucose levels within the normal range. This study is expected to serve as a reference for medical professionals and nutritionists in designing diet strategies based on mathematical models to enhance the effectiveness of T2DM treatment.

Digital bureaucratic transformation has become a crucial component of public administration reform in Indonesia through the utilization of technology to enhance public services. This study examines the implementation of the M-Paspor application as one of the strategic policy innovations in the immigration sector. The application was developed as a solution to problems found in the conventional service system. M-Paspor simplifies the passport application procedures, increases bureaucratic effectiveness and efficiency, and strengthens accountability in public service delivery. The presence of M-Paspor has brought significant changes to the structure and work system within the Directorate General of Immigration. However, its implementation still faces various challenges, including unequal digital access, limited infrastructure, low digital literacy among civil servants, and resistance to changes in bureaucratic work culture. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature review, with sources selected using search strings tailored to the research objectives. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for further discussions regarding the benefits, challenges, and sustainability of M-Paspor in supporting the broader digitalization of public service programs in Indonesia.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Currently available pharmacological treatments often cause unwanted side effects, so alternative therapies that are safer and more effective are needed. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of telang flower extract in reducing blood glucose levels and preventing complications. The potential of Clitoria ternatea as an antidiabetic agent was explored through a systematic literature review, using scientific databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Mendeley with the keywords “Clitoria ternatea AND diabetes AND blood glucose.” Inclusion criteria applied included experimental studies conducted on diabetes-induced mice samples, interventions with telang flower extract administration, and publications within the last 5 years (2021-2025). From a total of 1,858 articles identified, by applying the PRISMA-ScR method, 8 articles were obtained that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis showed that telang flower extract was effective in reducing blood glucose levels. This antidiabetic effect is thought to be due to the presence of flavonoids and other bioactive compounds in telang flowers that act as α-amylase enzyme inhibitors, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatories. These findings indicate the potential of Clitoria ternatea as a promising therapeutic alternative in the management of diabetes mellitus.

This study examines the depiction of women’s struggles in the novel Perempuan yang Menunggu di Lorong Menuju Laut by Dian Purnomo using Françoise d’Eaubonne’s ecofeminism perspective. The novel highlights a strong connection between women and nature, both of which are subjected to oppression within a patriarchal social structure. The core issue discussed in this research is how female characters in the story respond to various forms of injustice—social, cultural, and ecological—and how the text constructs a parallel between the exploitation of women and the degradation of nature. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the forms of resistance expressed by the female characters against gender-based oppression and environmental damage. In addition, the research aims to demonstrate how ecofeminism serves as a critical framework to expose and challenge patriarchal dominance through literature. This research applies a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis. Data were gathered using reading and note-taking techniques, then interpreted based on De’Eaubonne’s ecofeminist theory. The results reveal that women in the novel resist domination through various actions, such as speaking out against injustice, rejecting violence, and raising environmental awareness. Their resistance is portrayed not just as personal defiance but as a collective effort rooted in ecological consciousness. The novel, therefore, becomes a medium that challenges patriarchal norms while proposing a more balanced relationship between humans and nature. In conclusion, this study affirms literature’s role as a powerful tool to voice socio-environmental concerns and promote the empowerment of women as agents of change.

The irfani approach in the study of Islamic law is a method that integrates spiritual experience, intuition, and moral values in understanding and applying legal principles. This research aims to explore the relevance, implications, and challenges of the irfani approach within the context of Islamic law in Indonesia. By employing normative juridical analysis and literature study, this study finds that the irfani approach enriches the understanding of Islamic law by linking it to contemporary issues, such as social justice, environmental protection, and human rights. This perspective encourages a more holistic and ethical interpretation of legal principles, moving beyond rigid textual analysis. Furthermore, this research highlights the potential harmonization between Islamic law and customary law (adat law) in Indonesia. This integration can create a more inclusive, culturally adaptive, and community-responsive legal system, which aligns with Indonesia's pluralistic legal landscape. However, challenges remain in the widespread acceptance and implementation of the irfani approach. Resistance often arises from scholars and institutions that prefer conventional, textual, and rationalistic approaches to Islamic law, perceiving the irfani method as subjective or lacking legal rigor.Despite these challenges, strengthening education, scholarly dialogue, and interdisciplinary engagement between Islamic law scholars, legal practitioners, and policymakers can foster a greater appreciation for the ethical and spiritual dimensions of Islamic law. By incorporating mystical insights and moral considerations, the irfani approach has significant potential to contribute to the evolution of Islamic law in Indonesia, ensuring its relevance, inclusivity, and adaptability in addressing the complex challenges of modern society.

Student discipline is a crucial aspect in the world of education that directly affects the effectiveness of the learning process. This study aims to analyze the implications of punishment on student discipline using a behaviorist learning theory approach. In this theory, punishment functions as a consequence that reduces unwanted behavior, while positive reinforcement aims to encourage expected behavior. A case study of Mrs. Supriyani, a teacher accused of committing violence against students, is the focus of this study. The results of the study indicate that punishment given appropriately and consistently can build a deterrent effect and increase student discipline. However, excessive or unfair punishment tends to have negative impacts, such as emotional resistance and damaged teacher-student relationships. To achieve more effective discipline, a combination of educational punishment and positive reinforcement is needed so that students not only understand the bad consequences of violations but are also motivated to demonstrate good behavior. Prospects for further development of this research include the implementation of restorative justice methods in conflict resolution and strengthening the role of teachers as learning facilitators who educate without having to cause fear.

This article examines the synergy between Islamic theological values and local wisdom as a basis for resistance to environmental exploitation in Mandailing Natal. The focus of the study lies on the application of faith principles, such as the concepts of khalifah, justice, and ihsan, and their implementation through the traditional practice of lubuk larangan. The literature study method was used to collect and analyze secondary data from scientific articles, journals, and national and local news sources. The results of the study show that these Islamic theological values have been deeply rooted in the culture of the Mandailing Natal community, encouraging a critical attitude towards illegal gold mining practices that damage the ecosystem. The lubuk larangan tradition also acts as a mechanism for social control and environmental conservation, by implementing periodic restrictions on extractive activities to provide space for natural regeneration. The findings indicate that the integration of Islamic theology and local wisdom results in a more integrated and ethical natural resource management paradigm. This research recommends strengthening the synergy of faith values and local traditions in the formulation of public policies and increasing community participation in environmental monitoring. This integrative approach can be used as a strategic model to overcome the challenges of environmental exploitation amid increasingly complex global dynamics.

Restorative justice is an alternative approach in the criminal justice system that focuses on restoring losses arising from criminal acts, as well as efforts for dialogue between perpetrators, victims, and the community. In the context of drug abuse in Indonesia, this approach is beginning to be considered as a more humane solution compared to conventional punishment, especially for addicts or users who are essentially victims of dependence. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of restorative justice in resolving drug abuse cases in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a juridical-normative approach with case studies and qualitative analysis of laws and regulations, law enforcement policies, and their implementation in the field. The results of the study indicate that although the concept of restorative justice has significant potential in encouraging rehabilitation and social reintegration for drug users, its implementation still faces various challenges, including the absence of clear regulations, community stigma, and resistance from some law enforcement officers. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, training for officers, and public education to support the success of this approach in the drug criminal justice system in Indonesia.

This study was conducted with the primary objective of examining in depth the influence of lesson venue on parents’ satisfaction in Laman Baru Village. The research focused on comparing two alternative locations that have been options for the community: conducting lessons in residents’ homes on a rotating basis and conducting lessons in the church. Each of these alternatives carries different characteristics in terms of comfort, symbolic meaning, as well as social and religious acceptance within the local community. The research method employed was a descriptive quantitative approach using questionnaires and field observations. Through this method, the researcher was able to obtain empirical data that reflected parents’ perceptions and real experiences regarding lesson venues. The collected data were then analyzed to determine the extent to which location affected satisfaction, comfort, sense of security, and parents’ involvement in supporting their children’s nonformal education activities. The findings revealed that the choice of venue significantly influenced parents’ attitudes and responses. Lessons conducted in residents’ homes were perceived as more inclusive, since they embodied a sense of togetherness and collective participation within the community. Furthermore, this venue was considered symbolically neutral, thus avoiding any impression of favoritism toward a particular religious group. It also opened wider opportunities for parents to be directly involved in supporting their children. On the other hand, lessons held in the church created resistance, particularly among non-Christian parents, who viewed the church as a less neutral venue laden with specific religious meaning. This condition potentially reduced the participation of certain community members and generated discomfort in a multicultural context. Therefore, these findings highlight the importance of considering social, economic, and religious sensitivities in determining the venue of nonformal education, so that the activities carried out can be broadly accepted and bring optimal benefits to the entire community.

This research aims to analyze the potential for social conflict in the development of Rusunawa Sadangserang in Bandung City through a sustainable planning perspective. This study employs a case study approach, utilizing in-depth interviews and source triangulation for data collection and analysis. The findings suggest that the potential for conflict arises from three primary sources, namely changes in land use, inequality in the provision of residential units, and unclear land ownership status. Changes in the function of Sadangserang Market and Sadangserang Terminal risk triggering resistance from traders and drivers. The imbalance of commercial units and subsidies can create access conflicts for low-income groups. Uncertain land ownership status is also prone to disputes. Therefore, a sustainable planning strategy is needed that involves public participation, socio-economic surveys, and clarification of land status. In this way, it is hoped that Rusunawa Sadangserang can make an optimal contribution to providing harmonious and fair housing in the city of Bandung.

Fraud poses a significant threat to organizational integrity and public trust, especially within governmental institutions. This study explores the critical role of forensic accountants in uncovering fraud within the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia. Using a case study approach, the research examines the application of advanced forensic data analytics by forensic accountants. It highlights the essential skills and characteristics that make forensic accountants effective, as well as their contributions to enhancing internal controls and governance mechanisms. The study demonstrates the impact of forensic accounting on fraud detection, prevention, and deterrence. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating forensic accounting expertise within the Audit Board's operational framework to strengthen its capacity to combat financial fraud. It also identifies challenges faced by forensic accountants, such as technological limitations and cultural resistance, and suggests strategies to overcome these barriers. By shedding light on the role of forensic accountants in safeguarding public sector integrity, this research contributes to the growing knowledge on forensic accounting practices in Indonesia. The insights can inform policies and capacity-building initiatives aimed at improving the Audit Board’s fraud detection capabilities, ultimately fostering greater public trust and accountability.

As time advances, humans need technology as a tool to help and facilitate all their activities in daily life, one of which is in the fields of transportation or food. In Indonesia, technological developments in the transportation sector can be seen from the rapid development of the Grab application. Through the Grab application, initially OVO was only used by the public as a payment method for Grab's transportation services. But now consumers can carry out various activities ranging from transportation to ordering food. This phenomenon illustrates how the Grab application with a payment system via OVO can be massively accepted by the Indonesian people. Acceptance of this technology can be analyzed using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). When using technology, people do not always receive the benefits, accept the convenience, and fully accept the risks, but often there is resistance or mistakes often occur. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the influence of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with the variables perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and Perceived Risk in Grab application users on Reuse Intention. The population of this study were all Grab application users in Pangkalpinang City, with purposive sampling involving 112 respondents whose characteristics of application users ranged from 18-50 years and had also used the OVO feature for at least 1 year. The analytical method that will be used to analyze the data is SPSS 26.0. The results of this research explain that the variables perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and Perceived Risk have an influence on Reuse Intention.

Several problems occur in patients with diabetes mellitus, one of which is anxiety. Anxiety is a vague feeling of worry and is usually related to worrying about unexpected dangers that occur in the future. Anxiety can increase blood cortisol levels and increase the risk of progressive insulin resistance, which can lead to increased blood sugar levels.The purpose of this study was to describe the factors that influence anxiety in patients with diabetes mellitus.The type of research taken in this study is descriptive research, which is to see a description of the phenomena that occur in a certain population with a cross sectional data collection level. Data collection with AIS, DSES, HDFSS questionnaires with 114 respondents at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang with purposive sampling technique and data analysis using univariate analysis. Of the 114 respondents, the research results showed that the age of 51-60 was 45 people (39.5%), female gender was 75 people (65.8%), Muslim religion totaling 114 people (100%), long suffering from DM 1-5 years as many as 79 people (69.3%), did not have complications as many as 62 people (54.4%), low education (Not in School, Elementary School, Junior High School) as many as 79 people (69.3%), self-employed work as many as 57 people (50%), and income> Rp. 2. 500-000 - Rp 3,500.00 / month as many as 35 people (30.7%), moderate self-acceptance as many as 67 people (58.8%), good spirituality level as many as 86 people (75.4%), and high family support as many as 83 people (72.8%). The results of this study show that the factors that influence the anxiety of patients with diabetes mellitus are age, gender, religion, duration of DM, complications, education, occupation, income, self-acceptance, level of spirituality, family support.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a public health problem of concern because of its contagious nature. Success in treating pulmonary TB, which is very important to prevent drug resistance, is largely determined by patient compliance in taking medication regularly. However, the most important factor in the diagnosis of this disorder is the extent to which recommendations are followed. Therefore, the task of the family exercise monitor (PMO) is very important in helping the patient accept the forced teaching. The aim of this research is to analyze family members on the health status of pulmonary tuberculosis patients who come to take medication at the Tlogosari Kulon Health Center. The design in this research analysis is cross-sectional correlation, specifically to test the relationship between two variables at the same time. This sample consisted of 71 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis registered at Balai Tlogosari Kulon. At this institution, a cross-sectional correlation analysis design is used to analyze the relationship between two variables over a period of time. The sample in this study was 71 TB patients registered at the Tlogosari Kulon Health Center. Purposive sampling is a sample collection technique used, where respondents are carefully selected based on predetermined criteria to ensure they meet the research objectives. The tool used to accumulate data is a questionnaire, which is designed to collect information about the variables studied. The data obtained from the questionnaire was then analyzed using the Chi-square test to analyze whether there was a significant relationship between these variables. The results of the study explained that the majority of respondents, namely 40 people (56.3%), rated the family's role as Medication Monitoring Supervisor (PMO) in the good category, while 28 respondents (39.4%) showed good compliance in taking medication. The Chi-square test results show that the significance value is p = 0.003, (<0.05). This shows that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. This research can be concluded that there is a relationship between the role of the family and compliance with taking medication for pulmonary TB clients at the Tlogosari Kulon Community Health Center.

History often repeats itself in different contexts, as seen in the political dynamics of Indonesia in 2024, which are similar to the events of 1998. Although it has not yet reached the escalation of reforms, political tensions, polarization of society, and dissatisfaction with the government are the main issues. The fall in the Democracy Index reflects a weakening of freedom of opinion, human rights, and political participation. The wave of massive demonstrations against the revision of the 2024 Pilkada law showed resistance from various elements of society, including students, workers, artists, and public figures. Demonstrators demanded that the DPR comply with Constitutional Court decision Number 60/PUU-XXII/2024 regarding the threshold for the nomination of regional heads and Constitutional Court decision Number 70/PUU-XXII / 2024 regarding the age limit for candidates for regional heads. This research is a literature study with qualitative methods and a normative legal approach, including statutory, case, and conceptual analysis. The Data was obtained through the analysis of relevant legal and regulatory documents, as well as public opinion published in online media. This study provides an overview of the current challenges of Indonesian democracy as well as the implications of legal decisions on national political dynamics.