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Operational risk management is an essential aspect in maintaining the stability and sustainability of micro-enterprises operating in the culinary sector, particularly in the fast food industry, which relies heavily on production processes, raw material quality, and human resource skills. This study aims to analyze the types of operational risks that arise in the daily operations of the Kebab Capadocia MSME in Boyolali Regency using a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and field observations. The COSO Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Framework was used as the primary theoretical foundation to map risks based on five components: risk identification, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring. The results indicate that the business faces four main risk categories: production process risks, human resource risks, food hygiene and safety risks, and raw material distribution risks. Implemented controls are still informal and not supported by standard operating procedures (SOPs), resulting in recurring risks that impact product quality. These findings contribute to the MSME risk management literature and offer practical recommendations for strengthening operational structures based on systematic risk management.

This study to analyze the effect of Non Performing Loan (NPL), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Net Interest Margin (NIM) on Return on Assets (ROA) with Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) as an intervening variable at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Perser) Tbk. This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the annual financial statements of Bank BRI for the period 2015-2024. The data analysis method used in this study is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS), which allows the examination of both direct and indirect relationship among variables in the research model. The independent variables consist of NPL, CAR, and NIM, the intervening variable is BOPO and the dependent variable is ROA. The results indicate that NPL has a positive effect on BOPO, suggesting that higher credit risk leads to increased operational costs. CAR and NIM have a negative effect on BOPO, indicating that adequate capital and effective interest income management improve operational efficiency contributes to increased bank profitability. The findings also confirm that BOPO mediates the relationship between NPL, CAR, and NIM on ROA. This study is expected to contribute to the academic literature on banking financial management and provide practical insights for bank management in enhancing operational efficiency and sustainable profitability.

The Mapan Satria Program represents the Kediri City Government's commitment, through the Department of Transportation, to enhance public service quality in the bus transportation sector under the name Bus Satria; however, operational obstacles such as schedule unreliability and insufficient public information persist. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the Mapan Satria Program managed by the Kediri City Department of Transportation commencing in 2023. Program effectiveness was analyzed based on Annas's (2017) seven indicators using a qualitative method with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis indicates that the Mapan Satria Program (Moda Angkutan Pelayanan Aman dan Nyaman Sarana Transportasi Kediri Bahagia) has not yet operated effectively. While aspects such as timeliness, work mechanisms, inter-agency cooperation, fund disbursement, and monitoring and evaluation have been implemented in accordance with regulations, others remain suboptimal, including limited human resources, service deviations, inadequate information updates, and low public utilization. Therefore, the author recommends optimizing the program by expanding socialization to the wider community, providing clear schedule information at bus stops to facilitate passengers, strengthening the operational monitoring and evaluation system, and imposing strict sanctions for deviations.

Operational quality in the oil and gas sector strongly depends on the accuracy of monitoring instruments, such as oxygen analyzers. This study aims to validate the performance of an oxygen analyzer using the Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) procedure conducted by PT JGC Indonesia. The testing methodology involves the use of reference gases at different concentration levels, including nitrogen as the zero gas, to evaluate the linearity and consistency of the analyzer output within the 4-20 mA signal range. In addition, the tests are performed to verify the conformity of the instrument response with the datasheet specifications and applicable FAT procedures. The results show that the analyzer provides accurate measurement data with low deviation and a responsive alarm system under critical conditions. These findings confirm that the instrument meets the required technical standards. Based on the validation results, the oxygen analyzer is considered ready for installation and suitable for operation to support process safety in oil and gas facilities. This achievement confirms that a rigorous validation process is key to ensuring peace and operational safety in the oil and gas industry.

Heavy equipment effectively plays a key role in ensuring productivity and efficiency in the precast concrete industry of spun pile concrete at PT Adhi Beton Purwakarta. One of the heavy equipment that plays an important role is the mobile crane, especially for moving large concrete components. In this study, field data was processed by analyzing the productivity and efficiency of the Tadano GR-500EXL type mobile crane with a capacity of 50 tons. Current problems are high idle time, lack of operational synchronization, and suboptimal utilization of technological features on the crane unit. The results show that spun pile concrete weighing 6.78 tons based on the analysis of heavy equipment productivity is 40.68 tons/hour with the number of mobile crane heavy equipment needed as many as 2 units, and the efficiency for crane heavy equipment reaches around 68%. The amount of productivity and needs are to support the target of achieving precast concrete production, especially spun pile concrete. Thus, it is expected that the amount of productivity and the number of mobile crane heavy equipment needs are optimal to support production.

The foundation of turbine machines in industrial buildings must be able to withstand static and dynamic loads caused by operational vibrations. Generally, reinforced concrete block foundations are used due to their good stability. However, under certain conditions such as limited land, decreased soil bearing capacity, and the need for structural rehabilitation, their application becomes less effective. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the use of Micropile foundations as an alternative for turbine machine foundations at Candi Baru Sugar Factory, Sidoarjo.The research method includes literature studies, soil data collection through Cone Penetration Test (CPT), machine technical data analysis, and the design and analysis of Micropile foundations. The analysis covers bearing capacity, settlement, dynamic response, pile cap design, and cost estimation.The results indicate that Micropiles with a diameter of 0.20 m, a length of 2 m, five piles, and a pile cap size of 2 m × 2 m × 4.5 m are able to safely and stably support the machine load. In addition, this system is considered more efficient in terms of construction time and implementation. Therefore, Micropile foundations are recommended as an effective and economical alternative for turbine machine foundations.

This research looks into how site managers in construction projects in Malang City manage and improve their use of human resources. The research is driven by the significance of effective human resource management in ensuring project success and the lack of studies focusing on the operational strategies of site managers within a local context. This study uses a quantitative method that is both descriptive and analytical. It involves giving out a survey to 40 people, including site managers, contractors, and foremen. The independent variables include leadership and supervisory style, human resource planning and workforce allocation, training and competency development, team communication and coordination, performance monitoring and evaluation, as well as motivation and welfare. The dependent variable is the degree to which human resource management is optimized. The results of validity and reliability tests indicate that all research instruments are valid and reliable. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that leadership and supervisory style, along with human resource planning and workforce allocation, have a significant partial effect on improving HRM practices. Other variables have a positive but statistically insignificant partial effect on the estate. Overall, the management of human resources in construction projects in Malang City is considered to be fairly good. This study confirms that leadership and workforce planning are the main strategic factors for site managers in improving the effectiveness of human resource management in construction projects.

The implementation of public communication ethics codes in governmental policies encounters complex challenges in achieving optimal transparency, accountability, and responsiveness standards. This qualitative research employs library research methodology to analyze the effectiveness of public communication ethics code implementation mechanisms through normative examination of official government communication practices. Systematic content analysis of regulations, policies, and communication practice documentation reveals significant disparities between normative idealities and operational realities in field implementation. Findings indicate structural, cultural, and technological factors serve as primary determinants of implementation success. The digital era and post-truth phenomena present additional complexities in managing ethical public communication. Technological adaptation inadequacies, institutional coordination fragmentation, and organizational commitment variations influence the consistency of communication ethics standard application. A comprehensive evaluation model integrating input-process-output-outcome dimensions is essential for measuring implementation effectiveness. Recommendations encompass institutional capacity strengthening, adaptive regulatory framework reformulation, and development of communicative accountability systems responsive to contemporary dynamics. This research contributes to developing theoretical frameworks for public communication ethics code implementation within Indonesian governmental governance contexts.

Hajj savings are an important Islamic banking product designed to assist Muslims in preparing for hajj expenses in a systematic and Sharia-compliant manner. As a trust-based fund, hajj savings require proper accounting treatment to ensure transparency, accountability, and compliance with Sharia accounting standards. This study aims to analyze the implementation of trust fund accounting in the Hajj Savings Program at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Tegal Slawi. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using observation, documentation, and interviews conducted during an internship period at the research location. The data were analyzed by comparing accounting practices applied by the bank with relevant Sharia accounting standards, particularly PSAK 105 and PSAK 101. The results indicate that the hajj savings at BSI KCP Tegal Slawi are managed under a mudharabah contract and are recognized as temporary syirkah funds rather than bank income. The processes of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure have generally been implemented in accordance with Sharia accounting principles. However, limitations were found in the level of accounting understanding among operational staff. This study implies that strengthening Sharia accounting literacy among bank employees is essential to enhance accountability and maintain customer trust in managing hajj funds.  

This study examines the integration of maqasid al-shariah and digital governance in halal value chains using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework. Articles indexed in Scopus from 2020–2025 were analyzed to identify theoretical patterns and research gaps. The findings indicate that existing studies remain fragmented, with maqasid primarily treated as a normative concept and digital governance addressed mainly from technological or compliance perspectives. This research proposes an integrative conceptual model linking maqasid al-shariah, digital governance, stakeholder engagement, institutional legitimacy, strategic resources, and sustainability outcomes. The synthesis demonstrates that maqasid can function as a strategic governance framework, while digital governance operationalizes Islamic values through transparent and measurable practices. The study contributes theoretically by repositioning maqasid as a strategic management lens and practically by offering guidance for value-based digital transformation in the halal ecosystem. Overall, maqasid-based digital governance emerges as a new paradigm for building ethical, resilient, and sustainable halal value chains.

This study examines the integration of technology in the process of Human Resource (HR) transformation through the perspective of employee data analytics as a strategic approach to modern HR management. The primary focus of the study is to analyze the impact of the simultaneous integration of digital HR systems and organizational digital transformation on improving the efficiency of HR functions, with organizational agility positioned as a moderating variable that strengthens this relationship. In addition, the study explores the potential optimization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and predictive analytics methods, such as Bayesian Optimization, in predicting workforce dynamics, including employee attrition risk and competency development needs, while also bridging the analytical skills gap among HR practitioners. The research method employed is a systematic literature review of relevant scientific publications from 2021 to 2025, selecting sources that address digital HR transformation, HR analytics, and the application of AI in organizational contexts. The findings indicate that digital HR systems have a strong and significant effect on enhancing operational efficiency and the quality of HR decision-making, and this effect becomes more optimal when supported by a high level of organizational agility. Furthermore, AI and predictive analytics are proven to generate more accurate predictions and simplify technical complexity, making them easier for HR practitioners to adopt. This study concludes that the success of HR transformation requires a holistic approach that aligns the use of advanced technologies with organizational capabilities, human resource readiness, and ethical considerations to create sustainable organizational value.

This study examines junior high school students’ digital morality (digital akhlak) through an analysis of Islamic Education (PAI) textbooks, focusing on the prevention of ghibah, slander/misinformation, and hate speech. The study is grounded in the growing intensity of adolescents’ online interactions, which heightens ethical risks such as online backbiting, the spread of unverified information (hoax), and degrading expressions that may harm social cohesion. The study aims to describe how the textbook represents values and prohibitions related to these issues, to analyze instructional presentation (narratives, religious evidence, learning activities, and assessments), and to assess the alignment of textbook content with a digital morality framework that contextualizes Islamic moral values for online environments. Using a library research design and content analysis of the PAI textbook as the primary document, the discussion is strengthened by recent Indonesian journal literature on digital literacy, Islamic communication ethics, and moral education for digital natives. The findings indicate that the textbook provides a strong basis for preventing ghibah through clear definitions, scriptural reinforcement, and affective messages about safeguarding others’ dignity; it addresses slander/misinformation primarily through operational tabayyun skills, including source and content verification and contextual checking; meanwhile, the prevention of hate speech is present implicitly through prohibitions against insulting, mocking, and prejudging, yet requires more explicit enrichment via contextual cases and ethical response strategies for students as bystanders. Overall, the textbook has substantial potential to foster students’ digital morality when supported by consistent classroom habituation and contextual pedagogy.  

The construction sector is an industry with a high level of work accident risk due to its dynamic and complex work characteristics. This study aims to examine the application of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) System and evaluate its effectiveness in mitigating risks at the Health Facility Building Construction Project (Project X) in Fakfak Regency. The research method used is a descriptive-analytical quantitative approach with purposive sampling of 25 respondents, including executors, supervisors, and field workers. Risk analysis was conducted using the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method by measuring Severity, Occurrence, and Detection parameters to produce a Risk Priority Number (RPN). The results show that RPN values range from 52.35 to 452.30. The highest risk was found in the variable of limited safety signage in hazardous locations (RPN 452.30), which falls into the very high category. Additionally, 10 high-risk variables and 9 medium-risk variables were identified, dominated by technical, operational, and management factors, such as the use of heavy equipment by uncertified operators and weak implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and OHS audits. This study concludes that the application of OHS in Project X is still reactive and requires strengthening risk-based safety management systems as well as improving workforce competence to achieve zero accident conditions.

Civil servants (ASN) entering retirement represent a strategic human resource asset for national development; however, their potential is often underutilized due to an institutional vacuum. This study identifies this fundamental problem as manifesting in two dimensions: the absence of a cohesive structure among the retired community and the lack of a structure that systematically connects them to the economic empowerment ecosystem. Consequently, the transition from active service to a productive retirement period presents a significant challenge. The purpose of this research is to design an effective institutional forum model to serve as a facilitative bridge. The analysis employs a framework integrating three pillars: Mochtar Kusumaatmadja's Development Law Theory as the philosophical foundation, Ansell and Gash's Collaborative Governance concept as the governance paradigm, and the Pentahelix model as the operational framework. This study proposes a multi-stakeholder collaborative forum designed to synergize the roles of government, industry, academia, communities, and the media. The primary recommendation is the establishment of a formal entity functioning as an incubator and accelerator. This entity is intended not only to address the economic needs of retirees but also to align with the country's constitutional mandate to achieve sustainable social welfare.

Gender-based and age-based violence targeting women and children continues to pose a serious challenge to human rights protection in Indonesia. As the principal duty bearer, the state bears the obligation to respect, protect, and fulfill victims' rights through effective protection mechanisms, one of which is the Regional Technical Implementation Unit for the Protection of Women and Children (UPTD PPA). This research analyzes the contribution of UPTD PPA Bandung City in fulfilling the human rights of victims of violence against women and children and maps the obstacles encountered in operational service delivery. The study utilizes a juridical-empirical method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Primary data were gathered through in-depth interviews with UPTD PPA Bandung City representatives in November 2025, whereas secondary data were derived from the examination of legal regulations and relevant scholarly literature. Research findings reveal that UPTD PPA Bandung City managed 382 cases in 2025 by providing complaint mechanisms, assessment procedures, legal and psychological support, counseling services, and shelter facilities. These services demonstrate normative compliance with national legislation and human rights principles, particularly concerning protection, rehabilitation, and access to justice. Nevertheless, service delivery encounters several challenges, including insufficient human resources and facilities, underreporting by victims, and suboptimal cross-institutional coordination. Consequently, strengthening institutional capacity, ensuring adequate infrastructure, developing integrated standard operating procedures, and establishing regional regulatory frameworks are essential to guarantee effective and sustained fulfillment of victims' rights.

This study aims to analyze production cost efficiency through the use of self-formulated feed based on rice bran in laying hen farming in Kutamandiri Village. Feed costs represent the largest component of production expenses in laying hen enterprises, reaching up to 60–70% of total operational costs. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using primary data collected through observation, interviews, and cost-revenue recording during one production period. Data were analyzed using cost structure analysis and Revenue-Cost (R/C) ratio to determine business feasibility. The results indicate that the use of rice bran-based self-formulated feed reduced feed costs and lowered total production expenses. The calculated R/C ratio was 1.43, indicating that the enterprise is financially feasible and profitable. Additionally, the findings suggest that utilizing locally available feed resources such as rice bran can improve cost efficiency, reduce reliance on external feed supplies, and enhance the sustainability of small-scale laying hen enterprises. This research provides valuable insights for farmers in Kutamandiri Village and other similar agricultural communities looking to optimize production costs and improve their profitability by adopting cost-effective, locally sourced feed options.

This study aims to analyze the creation of public value through the Multi-Purpose Credit (KSG) program implemented by Bank Sumsel Babel Prabumulih Branch in improving financial inclusion for civil servants (ASN) in Prabumulih City. The analysis employs Mark H. Moore's Public Value Strategic Triangle, which consists of three core dimensions: public value, legitimacy and support, and operational capacity. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis involving seven informants, including internal bank officials and KSG borrowers with varying credit statuses (current, substandard, and non-performing). Overall, the study concludes that the KSG program successfully creates public value by expanding access to formal financial services, strengthening ASN financial literacy, and contributing to local financial inclusion. The findings indicate that the program not only functions as a banking product but also as a public service instrument that supports socioeconomic stability among civil servants. However, several challenges remain, particularly in ensuring equal benefits for borrowers facing repayment difficulties. Therefore, improvements in post-disbursement support, the development of online consultation services, and the provision of continuous and targeted financial education are needed to enhance program sustainability and ensure that public value is distributed more evenly among all borrower categories.

This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the management of School Operational Assistance Funds at SMKS Yohanes XXIII Maumere. The management of School Operational Assistance Funds is an important aspect in supporting the smooth implementation of the learning process and improving the quality of education. The research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicated that the management of School Operational Assistance Funds at SMKS Yohanes XXIII Maumere has been implemented following the applicable technical guidelines and adheres to the principles of transparency, accountability, efficiency, and effectiveness. The School Operational Assistance Funds were utilized to support the eight national education standards, particularly in the development of facilities and infrastructure, process standards, and school operational financing. However, there were still challenges in the form of delays in fund disbursement, which affect the optimal implementation of school programs. Overall, the management of School Operational Assistance Funds at SMKS Yohanes XXIII Maumere can be categorized as effective. Nevertheless, improvements were needed in the aspects of planning and fund disbursement time management to ensure that the benefits of School Operational Assistance Funds can be maximized.

Savings and Loan Cooperatives (KSP) play a strategic role as microfinance institutions that promote members' financial welfare through savings and loan services based on trust and togetherness. This study aims to analyze profitability as the basis for financial performance assessment of KSP Credit Union Bahtera Sejahtera Kewapante during the 2023–2025 period. The analysis focuses on three main profitability ratios—Return on Equity (ROE), Profit Margin (PM), and Assets Turnover (AT)—along with interpretation of performance trends, causal factors of fluctuations, and their implications for the cooperative's operational sustainability. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach with data collection techniques through direct observation, documentation of financial statements for the last three years, and financial ratio analysis. Results indicate a significant decline in profitability performance: ROE decreased from 2.01% (2023) to -0.91% (2024) and slightly improved to -0.25% (2025); Profit Margin fell from 13.81% to -7.75% and -2.24%; while Assets Turnover showed a downward trend from 0.049 times to 0.039 times in 2025. All ratios remain far below ideal standards (ROE ≥10%, PM ≥20%, AT ≥1 time), indicating inefficiency in capital management, insufficient income to cover operational expenses, and low asset productivity. These conditions are caused by declining business income, rising operational costs, and weakening member economic activity. The findings confirm the critical need for optimizing productive loan disbursement, enhancing operational cost efficiency, and increasing active member participation as essential strategies to restore profitability and ensure the long-term sustainability of the cooperative.

This study aims to analyze the influence of work motivation on employee productivity at Kerupuk Uenak Bu Rina, a home-based industry in Boyolali. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and direct observation at the business location. The results indicate that work motivation derived from internal factors such as satisfaction with received wages and a familial work environment, as well as external factors in the form of appreciation from the owner, significantly influence employee morale and work output. Employee productivity levels are reflected in the consistency in meeting production targets for two types of crackers and the ability to adapt to demand fluctuations. These findings suggest that improving productivity in micro-enterprises like this one depends not only on technical operational aspects but is also greatly influenced by how work motivation is managed. This research provides practical contributions regarding the importance of paying attention to human resource aspects in managing operational risks and improving the performance of small-scale businesses.