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This study examines the strengthening of regional disaster management governance through a risk-based policy framework, focusing on the role of local governments in disaster-prone areas. The object of the study is the disaster management system implemented by the Dumai City Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), which faces various potential natural and non-natural disasters. Although national and regional regulatory frameworks are in place, disaster management practices at the regional level still tend to be reactive, partial, and not fully based on comprehensive risk analysis. Therefore, this study aims to identify key issues in regional disaster management governance and analyze the role of risk-based policies in strengthening institutional effectiveness, cross-sectoral coordination, and disaster preparedness. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with BPBD officials, relevant stakeholders, and community representatives in disaster-prone areas, supported by field observations and documentation studies of policies, disaster risk assessment documents, and institutional reports. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis methods to identify patterns related to governance structures, policy implementation, and disaster risk management practices. The study results indicate that disaster management governance in Dumai City has shown progress in regulatory aspects and emergency response capacity, but there are still weaknesses in the integration of risk into development planning, inter-agency coordination, community participation, and mitigation and prevention efforts. This study concludes that the implementation of a risk-based policy framework can encourage more anticipatory, integrated, and sustainable disaster management governance, and provides important implications for the formulation of public policy at the regional level.

The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing technologies has introduced new security challenges due to the distributed, heterogeneous, and dynamic nature of these environments. Conventional static security mechanisms, such as rulebased authentication and fixed trust models, are often inadequate for addressing evolving threats and abnormal behaviors in largescale IoT systems. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a machine learningbased trust evaluation framework for enhancing security in distributed IoT environments. The proposed approach dynamically assesses the trustworthiness of IoT nodes by analyzing behavioral and interactionbased features collected at the edge layer. Machine learning models are trained to classify nodes into trusted and malicious categories and continuously update trust values in response to changing network conditions. Based on the predicted trust levels, adaptive security decisions are enforced to allow or restrict node participation in data sharing and computation processes. A quantitative experimental evaluation is conducted using simulated distributed IoT scenarios that include both normal and malicious behaviors. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using standard metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1score, and detection effectiveness, and is compared against conventional static trust and rulebased security mechanisms. The results demonstrate that the proposed machine learningbased trust evaluation approach achieves significantly higher detection accuracy and robustness while maintaining low computational overhead. Overall, the findings confirm that integrating machine learning into trust management provides an effective and scalable solution for securing distributed IoT systems under dynamic and adversarial conditions.

Digital literacy has become a key foundation for educational innovation and economic participation in the 21st century. As global economies transition toward digitalization, integrating digital competencies into senior high school curricula is increasingly viewed as essential for supporting Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8), which emphasizes decent work and inclusive economic growth. This study investigates the role of public policy in shaping digital literacy education in senior high schools through a comparative case study of Indonesia, the Philippines, and Canada. Employing qualitative policy analysis, the research explores how each country’s policy framework conceptualizes, implements, and evaluates digital literacy initiatives. The analysis focuses on curriculum integration, resource allocation, and stakeholder involvement, while also examining how these programs contribute to employability and economic resilience. The findings reveal notable differences in policy design and institutional commitment, with Canada demonstrating a more systematic integration of digital literacy, the Philippines emphasizing access and equity, and Indonesia facing challenges related to resource disparities and curriculum consistency. These variations illustrate how national contexts influence the inclusiveness and effectiveness of digital literacy policies. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers to design context-sensitive, equitable, and future-oriented digital literacy strategies that align with labor market demands and promote sustainable economic growth.

Degenerative diseases are chronic diseases that affect a person's quality of life. There are various degenerative diseases that should be treated as early as possible, such as diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, heart stroke and other degenerative diseases. Indonesia bears a double burden of disease in the health sector, namely infectious diseases are still rampant and coupled with chronic degenerative diseases. Efforts to promote health are very important in efforts to prevent degenerative diseases in adolescence. This health promotion is carried out in adolescents because of the unhealthy lifestyle of adolescents, this can be seen from the smoking habits of adolescents and the habit of eating unhealthy foods or snacks carelessly, lack of consumption of vegetables and fruits, and minimal physical activity such as sports in efforts to prevent degenerative diseases in adolescents. The purpose of this activity is to increase knowledge about the prevention of degenerative diseases among adolescents and as an effort to overcome the problem of the emergence of degenerative diseases in adolescence. The results of community service activities show an increase in average knowledge from 6.61 to 13.80 and an increase in attitudes from 9.61 to 14.47. Community service activities can be carried out well, this is seen from the smooth running of the event and the participation of teenagers. Improving the quality of health needs to be done by raising awareness and increasing education for teenagers about preventing degenerative diseases.

Effective school leadership is critical for enhancing teacher performance and professionalism. This research aims to analyze the application of the school principal's charismatic leadership style in improving teacher performance and professionalism at an elementary school in Indonesia. Employing a descriptive qualitative research design, this study systematically explores the unique traits and behaviors of charismatic leaders, including their strong charm, self-confidence, clear vision, and ability to inspire followers. While charismatic leadership positively impacts values, ideology, and participation, it can also lead to a focus on personal loyalty and the use of power for personal gain. The success of charismatic leadership is evidenced by the close relationship between leaders and followers, with followers showing high commitment to the leader's vision. This study contributes to the education field by providing insights into how charismatic leadership can be harnessed to improve teacher performance and professionalism, highlighting both its benefits and potential drawbacks.

The community needs to participate in the formation of the Draft Law on Customary Law Communities. By looking at the various problems that occur regarding Community Participation in the Formation of Draft Laws, the prevalence of Draft Laws does not realize community participation in the formation process, especially the Draft Law on Customary Law Communities. This raises issues and questions regarding community participation in the formation of the Draft Law on Indigenous Peoples, whether it has been implemented or not. Arnstein stated that community participation is synonymous with community power (citizen participation is citizen power). This research aims to determine, describe and analyze Community Participation in the formation of the Draft Law on Customary Law Communities. This research uses qualitative methods, namely interviews, observation and documentation. The research and research results use Arnstein's theory, namely delegated power, that the Draft Law on Customary Law Communities is included in the Delegated Power stage (delegated power). Therefore, the urgency of community participation in the formation of the Draft Law on Customary Law Communities is very important.

Regulations in the history of Village regulation, starting with the establishment of regulations regarding Villages, namely the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, have given new enthusiasm to the community who have sometimes been spectators in development in the region. The community is given the authority to recognize their rights of origin (recognition), determine local scale authority and make local decisions for the benefit of the village community (subsidiarity), diversity, togetherness, mutual cooperation, kinship, deliberation, democracy, independence, participation, equality, empowerment and sustainability. In its implementation, especially regarding, among other things, the position of customary law communities, democratization, diversity, community participation, as well as progress and equitable development, there are still shortcomings, giving rise to disparities between regions, poverty, and socio-cultural problems that can disrupt the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, becoming an issue that interesting. This research method is a quantitative method with an explanatory research type. The sampling technique is systematic rondom sampling using an ordinal method, to determine the influence of each variable using the product mom hypothesis test, showing that there is an influence of the village head's leadership and community participation on the utilization of village funds.

In our life, to choose what is good and to act rightly always required human freedom. Human freedom must be created peace and justice in order to open mind and heard for the common good for all.  All people of God are witness for social justice teaching support for beautiful and meaningful life such as appreciation for the human person dignity’s, awareness of equality, equal participation, and human solidarity. This research use a qualitative method through a literature study in order to acquire data and discover the problem more profoundly. Researchers believe that the successful process of internalizing ethics aims to make life, not just a life that lasts from time to time, but a life that is organized regularly and ultimately reaches the aim of life. This research will answer the “question” is virtue ethics necessary or only an accessory for human beings’ life.  Then, researchers will go further to describe the important values or practices of virtue ethics in daily life. Finally, this research proposes the practical implication based on the critical reflection and suggestion. This implication is an indication for every person to believe that the process of internalizing Ethics is an important way of life.

SMP Negeri 2 Sihotang is located in Samosir Regency, which is one of the koban schools for flash floods that occur at the end of 2023. This PKM aims to increase awareness of ethics and digital responsibility among junior high school students. With the widespread use of digital technology, especially among teenagers, it is important to introduce the concept of ethics and responsibility in its use. This PKM will adopt an educative approach that involves students directly in the understanding of digital ethics and its impact on individuals and society. The method used with the Socialization method, as well as the creation of multimedia-based educational materials. The main target of this PKM is students of SMP Negeri 2 Sihotang in Samosir Regency. Through an approach that focuses on student participation, it is expected to create a better understanding of the importance of acting responsibly in a digital environment. The expected outcome of this PKM is an increase in students' awareness of ethical and responsible practices in the use of digital technology, as well as their ability to take wise decisions in online situations. Thus, this PKM is expected to make a positive contribution to the formation of good digital character and behavior among students of SMP Negeri 2 Sihotang and the wider community.

Smoking is a habit that has serious negative impacts on human health and the surrounding environment. The importance of increasing public understanding of the risks of smoking is a crucial step in the effort to prevent smoking-related diseases. The education provided should include information about harmful substances in cigarettes and their effects on the human body. The purpose of this community service activity is to enhance public awareness of the health risks associated with smoking habits. This activity involves community participation and the delivery of education door-to-door in the Sebewe village, conducted from December 2023 to January 2024. The service encompasses the entire process, from preparation to evaluation. The method used in this community service activity is a socialization method to provide information to the community regarding disease prevention and risks associated with smoking habits. Evaluation results indicate that although the community is aware of the health risks caused by smoking, their knowledge of the dangers of smoking is still low. Therefore, it is hoped that this activity will increase awareness and knowledge in the community regarding disease prevention and risks associated with the habit of smoking.

One of the efforts to resolve crimes that occur in people's lives is not only through law enforcement efforts, but through a restorative justice approach that is different from the conventional criminal justice system, where this approach emphasizes the direct participation of perpetrators, victims and the community in the process of resolving criminal cases. The aims of this study are (1) to find out the application of restorative justice in narcotics cases in Indonesia; (2) To find out the legal considerations of restorative justice in narcotics cases in Indonesia. Empirical normative research type. Normative legal research (applied law research) is research that uses normative legal case studies in the form of legal behavior products. This study uses a qualitative analysis method, which is in the form of an in-depth interpretation of legal materials as is usually the case with normative legal research. In carrying out the application of restorative justice in narcotics cases in Indonesia, it has been carried out well from a procedural point of view. Basically, criminal cases can be stopped at the stage of investigation and/or investigation based on restorative justice only on crimes that are not serious crimes. Legal considerations of restorative justice in narcotics cases in Indonesia, namely by balancing the interests of various parties (perpetrators, victims, society and the State); Non-compliance with the guidelines and basic principles that have been formulated on the basis of the principles of "human development, mutually, empathy, responsibility; respect and fairness”; The feelings of victims who feel they are experiencing "re-victimization" because they feel pressured; Attempts from the formal criminal justice system to take over the restorative justice movement.

Branding is essential for tourist attractions and government agencies, one of which is improving the image and reputation of a tourist attraction or institution so that the wider community can know it. There needs to be an appropriate strategy from the Talun District government, which is the authority in tourism development in Talun District, so the author is interested in examining the branding strategy carried out by Talun District in developing the tourism sector as a tourist destination. This research uses a descriptive type of research with a qualitative approach. The Talun District Government of Cirebon Regency plans the construction of the "Wisata Talun Ngangeni" to improve the welfare of rural communities and stimulate the regional economy. In addition to promotion through digital tourism, the participation of local communities is needed to maintain and develop innovations in the area. However, it is only possible to have a positive impact on branding tourism culture with digital tourism. Several forms of digital tourism promote tourism using inappropriate and deviant nuances. Usually, children and adolescents often receive such adverse effects.

The Kacirebonan Palace in Cirebon City, known for its Javanese culture, houses a unique settlement surrounded by the Balutanti Fort. Baluarti Keraton Kacirebonan blends Chinese, Colonial, and Traditional-era buildings, preserving Javanese customs and procedures. However, challenges such as lack of authority, unclear preservation concepts, reliance on government subsidies, conflicts of interest, and low community participation hinder its preservation. This study uses Combined Strategies, combining Historical Research and Qualitative Research, to analyze objects from the past and examine their relationship with architectural design. Data sources include inscriptions, writings, and local experiences. Palaces often change over time, maintaining their architectural style by comparing new buildings with old ones. The roof shape, openings, and columns of new buildings often resemble those of the old building. The chessboard pattern, used for small towns with defense, agriculture, and trade functions, is also prevalent. Social factors and cultural influences significantly influence the spatial layout of a settlement. The Kacirebonan Palace complex, located southwest of Kasepuhan Palace and 500 meters south of Kanoman Palace, spans 46,500 square meters and features a Chinese-mixing style, Colonial, and Traditional era building. Baluarti settlement, part of the palace area, has a grid pattern with small, narrow roads, following the Palace's tradition. Baluarti, a Javanese settlement, is a residence for nobles, high-ranking priyayi, and courtiers of the Kacirebonan Palace. The settlement is characterized by a magersari system, where the king gives land for Abdidalem''s residence. The social status of the Baluarti community is derived from its family line, with most citizens having titles obtained from the king. Keraton Kacirebonan''s architecture blends Colonial, Chinese, and Javanese styles, while religious beliefs, social status, and the traditional magersari system influence the Baluarti settlement's layout.

The results of data classification and field surveys by Unsuri students in Wilayut Village, Sukodono District. Has potential MSMEs in the form of businesses that produce a product of goods or services. However, in marketing activities, business actors are still doing conventionally and the use of branding strategies is also not optimal. So that the scope of marketing is still limited, making the business being run unable to develop properly. KKN activities as a form of community service in Wilayut Village aim to provide social contributions from the campus to the community as well as for the community to get help with thoughts and energy to carry out village development and solve community problems in the village. The method used is the MSME data classification method and partner participation by providing direction on the benefits of social media. Participating in contributing to the classification of MSME data in Wilayut Village and helping business actors in increasing the existence of cilok kuah seblak bu tin as one of the MSMEs engaged in the food sector.

Nursing is a profession that is oriented towards health services with all independent planning or action to help improve the welfare of people's lives. Definitions of community are also many and varied. According to McKenzie et al. (2016) in (Alvian Fabanyo, 2022). A community is a group of people who have similar characteristics. The similarity of these characteristics is determined by location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, similarity of interest in solving certain problems, results, or other common ties (Alvian Fabanyo, 2022). The aim of this nursing care is to provide an overview of the implementation of community nursing care in the Kp region. Pengasinan RW 03, Periuk Jaya Village, Periuk District, Tangerang City, Banten. Case study design using nursing care. The case study sample used 96 people in Rw. 03. The evaluation stage is an activity to assess the implementation of interventions and implementation that has been implemented at this stage, there is still a lot that needs to be evaluated because it takes a long time, so a follow-up plan is needed with the community in accordance with the existing nursing plan. Meanwhile, short evaluations in the form of verbal and nonverbal responses have been carried out, such as during outreach activities, distributing leaflets, discussions and putting up posters. The existence of good cooperation between students, and community participation as well as support from village officials, cadres, RW/RT and local health centers are very helpful in determining activity criteria.

Ostheoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone microarchitecture so that bones become brittle and break easily.The purpose of this outreach is specifically to increase awareness among the elderly about the importance of maintaining bone health, apart from that, it also increases knowledge that osteoporosis can be prevented in various ways and by reducing the pain that arises. The method for the presentation of material about the elderly and ostheoporosis accompanied by the practice of osteoporosis exercises with midwives and the elderly in Pucangan Baru II Village, Rt02/Rw07, Pucangan, Kartasura, Sukoharjo. The results of the counseling in Pucangan Baru II Village, Rt02/Rw07, Pucangan, Kartasura, Sukoharjo showed extraordinary participation, marked by the elderly/audience being very enthusiastic about taking part in Osteoporosis exercises and the audience also felt comfortable when learning the Breathing Relaxation Method provided.

Curriculum is an important part of education systems around the world. The curriculum regulates learning process activities to maximize educational goals, functioning as a unit or guideline. Student learning outcomes in the daily learning process are one aspect that can have an impact on curriculum adjustments. Interviewing English teachers about the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in the classroom provided a number of insights. Educators share their thoughts on the difficulties in implementing an autonomous curriculum. because the facilities or different learning resources are not sufficient. They emphasize how the Merdeka Curriculum can help students learn English more effectively by encouraging active participation in class, fostering critical thinking, and increasing language proficiency. The student-centered curriculum philosophy was awarded

This activities aim to provide understanding and skills to the community in Rumpet Village, Krueng Barona Jaya Subdistrict, Aceh Besar Regency, on utilizing local resources to naturally control plant pests. The primary focus of this activity is the process of making botanical pesticides from neem leaves as an environmentally friendly solution to sustain agriculture in the region. The activity begins with a socialization on the importance of sustainable pest control and the adverse effects of chemical pesticides. It involves active participation from the community in collecting and identifying neem leaves as the main ingredient. The process of extracting active compounds from neem leaves is also taught to the community, along with formulation techniques and the application of the resulting botanical pesticide. The outcomes of this activity include an increase in community knowledge about natural plant pest control and their empowerment in producing and using botanical pesticides from neem leaves. This community service is expected to make a positive contribution in promoting sustainable and resilient farming practices in Rumpet Village, inspiring surrounding communities to adopt similar approaches in their agricultural management.

This research delves into the impact of scientific advancement on both governmental and private sectors, emphasizing the critical role of Public Relations (PR) in governance and corporate realms. Information technology, particularly the internet and social media, serves as the primary means for public information access. It highlights the significance of public information transparency based on legal regulations, along with social media's role in facilitating public participation concerning public policie. The research methodology includes literature reviews, case studies, expert interviews, and community surveys. Findings emphasize the government's role in supervising social media and digital technology to ensure their safe, fair, and just use. The research also underscores the importance of political participation, whether conventional or online, in governmental policy determination. A case study concerning the role of Facebook in disseminating information by the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Education at IAIN Kendari constitutes a pivotal part of this discussion.

This study aimed to examine the effect of Budget Participation, Budget Emphasis on Budgetary Slack with Ethical Consideration as Moderating Variable. This kind of study is quantitative research with primary data collected in a questionnaire distributed to 38 respondents. The data is processed with multiple linear regression analysis by using Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS). The results showed that budget participation and budget emphasis has effect on budgetary slack. Meanwhile, ethical considerations cannot moderate the relationship between budget participation and budget emphasis on budgetary slack.