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Competition between commercial banks is increasingly rapid and complex, causing changes in regulations that are binding on commercial banks. One of the regulatory changes is the application of PSAK 71 which replaces PSAK 55 concerning Financial Instruments. A previous study conducted by Suroso in 2017 simulated the impact of implementing PSAK 71 on bank performance as measured by the capital ratio, namely the Capital Adequacy Ratio. The results of this study stated that there was a decrease in the CAR ratio due to an increase in CKPN which was caused by a change in the CKPN calculation method. This research will measure the comparative influence of CKPN, ROA, and Size as control variables on the CAR ratio at BUKU "2" Commercial Banks. As well as analyzing whether there is a difference in the CAR of commercial banks between before and after the implementation of PSAK 71. The results of the study show that the CKPN, ROA, and Size of the CAR of banks when implementing PSAK 55 has a value of 19.4%. This result is better than the implementation of PSAK 71 which amounted to 14.3%. Apart from that, there is a significant difference in the CAR ratio between before and after the implementation of PSAK 71. This difference is due to the high CKPN and the Covid-19 pandemic forcing banks to hold back credit distribution. So the risk of the bank's RWA has decreased, causing the bank's CAR to increase even though the CKPN has increased, and the bank's ROA has decreased.

This research aims to determine the role of civics teachers in improving the discipline of class X students at SMA St. Maria Rubit and to find out the teacher's efforts as well as the form or model of teacher example regarding student discipline. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The informants in this research were the Principal, Citizenship Education Teacher, and Class Teacher at St. Mary's High School. Maria Rubit. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data display, and data verification. The results of the research show that: The role of civics teachers is very important in improving student discipline at St. Maria Rubit, In accordance with existing school regulations, the aim is to apply discipline so that students can be time disciplined, be on time for school, be disciplined in dressing, be disciplined in attitude and be disciplined in completing assignments. In improving student discipline at school, I give constructive sanctions to students, all school members must comply with school regulations and work together with all school members to improve student discipline. Student discipline at St. Maria Rubit still lacks discipline, because there are still students who do not follow the rules set by the school, for example; time discipline, discipline in dressing and discipline in speaking. Exemplary efforts/forms made by teachers in upholding student discipline are by providing guidance and socializing the importance of discipline. The efforts made by teachers are by providing good examples for students.

The purpose of this research is to analyse the factors causing and overcoming violations of route permits in Manggarai Regency. This research is an empirical juridical research, which uses primary data sources, namely field research with interview methods to sources with an interest in this paper and secondary. Based on the results of the research, the factors causing violations of route permits by the Department of Transportation of Manggarai Regency are divided into three, namely government factors, namely the lack of honorary staff in the terminal; vehicle business factors (owners and drivers) caused by economic factors, administrative factors, intense competition between transport drivers; community factors that do not obey government regulations. Countermeasures are supervision and inspection by means of routine supervision and inspection, sudden and quarterly inspections; granting permits with special conditions, monitoring and evaluation; permit scoping. Law enforcement is preventive and repressive.

The purpose of this research is to find out the procedure of child adoption at the Oelamasi District Court and the judge's reasoning in granting the application for child adoption with prospective parents over 55 years old. The research method used is empirical research. The results showed (1) The child adoption procedure at the Oelamasi District Court is in accordance with the child adoption arrangements contained in the laws and regulations. Particularly in this case, the child who was adopted was not under the care of a social organization but under the care of the prospective adoptive parents. In addition, in this case the prospective adoptive parents did not fulfill one of the requirements for child adoption contained in Article 13 of the Government Regulation, which in turn is the authority of the judge in accepting or rejecting the application. (2) The judge's reasoning in granting the application for child adoption in Stipulation Number 5/Pdt.P/2023/PN Olm is by referring to the provisions of Article 28 B paragraphs (1) and (2) jo Article 28 D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which prioritizes the principles of justice and the best interests of the child so that even though the age of the Plaintiffs no longer meets the requirements of the legislation because they are more than 55 (fifty five) years old does not have to hinder the noble intentions of the Plaintiffs to adopt a child.

The preparation and formulation of Village Regulations in Realizing the Management Principles of Regional Empowerment and Regional Development must go through the stages of the process of drafting and formulating draft village regulations with the aim of ensuring that the village regulations do not conflict with the public interest and/or higher statutory regulations. However, the Village Government in Bintan Regency has not implemented the stages of the process of drafting and formulating village regulations which have not been maximized, resulting in village regulations that are not in accordance with the systematicity of statutory regulations and it is feared that village regulations will conflict with the public interest and/or statutory regulations. higher invitation. The problems in this research are: How are the Legal Arrangements in the Preparation and Formulation of Village Regulations in Realizing the Principles of Management of Regional Empowerment and Regional Development, How are the Implementation of the Drafting and Formulation of Village Regulations in Realizing the Principles of Management of Regional Empowerment and Regional Development, what factors are obstacles/constraints and solutions in the Preparation and Formulation of Village Regulations in Realizing the Management Principles of Regional Empowerment and Regional Development. Based on these problems, this research uses normative and empirical legal research methods. The research results show that this arrangement does not contain definite elements of an evaluation and clarification team, and has not been running optimally in practice, there are obstacles in the field. The implementation of the stages of drafting and formulating Village Regulations has not been carried out and well coordinated so that the results of village regulations have not been optimal. The obstacles faced are the lack of knowledge, understanding and experience of village officials' human resources regarding the preparation of village regulations, the geographical location between villages and sub-districts and districts, not all of which can be reached by land and not all of them require quite a short time, coordination is not optimal. As for suggestions from the research results on the need for statutory regulations that contain an attachment to the technical format for drafting village regulations, the Regional Government of Bintan Regency can carry out outreach to all village governments regarding the preparation and formulation of village regulations, and strengthen human resource capacity.

Criminal law consists of regulations. which determines what is prohibited and what is permitted in criminal cases, and determines the punishment that can be given to people who commit them. It is easy to measure the success of Indonesia's legal reform. One of the criminal acts of theft that is often considered to occur very often is motorbike theft. Motorbikes are an important means of transportation for most Indonesian people because the price is affordable for most people with middle to lower incomes, where the increase in the number of motorized vehicles is in line with the increase in the number of crimes involving motorbikes which has led to the crime of motorbike theft. The author uses qualitative legal research with secondary data sources in this research. In this article, the research method used is the normative news method. The Police of the Republic of Indonesia have direct authority to carry out all criminal acts, including theft with violence. This is in accordance with the police's duty to maintain security and public order, protection, protection and community service, as well as law enforcement. In the law enforcement process, efforts are made to uphold functions with legal norms as guidelines for behavior in traffic or legal relations in society and the state where there are perpetrators who commit the criminal act in question, in the sense of people who, with some intention or something unintentional, as required by law, have left a consequence of climbing the law whether it is subjective elements or other elements and in article 362 of the Criminal Code it is explained that the act of taking an item which in whole or in part includes a statement by another person with the intention of possessing the item in violation of the rights.

This research aims to examine and analyze the legal protection given to investors in buying and selling shares in the capital market from an Islamic perspective. The research methodology used is descriptive analysis, which involves comprehensive data collection regarding the characteristics of a particular situation or symptom that contributes to strengthening the theory of Islamic capital markets. In this case, the author uses a document or literature study as a legal material collection technique, by reviewing the literature related to the research topic. This approach aims to obtain secondary data from sources such as the Quran, hadith, MUI fatwa, and relevant laws and regulations, especially Law No. 8 of 1995 concerning Capital Markets. The findings of this study reveal that the legal protection of investors in buying and selling activities in the capital market in an Islamic perspective is based on the principles of transparency and openness, the existence of a Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS), sharia audits, dispute resolution mechanisms, and the prohibition of ribawi practices or usury-based transactions.

The granting of Batam Island management rights is stated in Article 6 paragraph (2) letter a of Presidential Decree Number 41 of 1973, stating that all land areas located on Batam Island are handed over with management rights to the Chairman of the Batam Island Industrial Area Development Authority (later called the Batam Authority). Referring to Article 4 of Government Regulation Number 46 of 2007, Management Rights over land under the authority of the Batam Authority and Management Rights over land under the authority of the Batam City Government located in the Batam Free Trade Zone and Free Port are transferred to BP Batam by statutory regulations. Invitation. The areas in question are Batam Island, Setokok Island, Watch Island, Nipah Island, Galang Baru Island, Rempang Island, and Galang Island. However, replacing the subject of management rights does not end existing rights on Management Rights land; these rights remain in effect until the validity period ends. Thus, currently, Batam City Management Rights are owned by BP Batam. Problems with management rights also occur in the community of Batam City. This is, of course, a result of the development of Batam City, where the land rights are mainly allocated to industrial areas, housing (residential), government, and protected forests. One of the purposes of granting Management Rights to BP Batam was to accelerate investment. However, during the process, it was discovered that the land allocated to a third party (Investor) had yet to be physically developed as agreed upon at the time of allocation. This then becomes the basis for BP Batam to carry out evaluation and control over land that is not built and built not by its intended use.  

Children and teenagers are the next generation of the nation and are family and state assets that must be safeguarded and protected in all aspects of their lives, including physical, psychological, intellectual, their rights, and their dignity. Protecting children is not only the responsibility of parents but also the responsibility of all of us. The purpose of this research is to determine the legal basis for the formation of policies for implementing compulsory school hours at night, the differences between the implementation of study hours at night and study hours during the day, goals and objectives, infrastructure, implementation, task force, duties and functions of the task force, and the sanctions and obstacles faced in implementing compulsory education at night. The specification method of this research is analytical descriptive, which describes finding legal facts systematically with the aim of making this research easier to understand and conclude. The results of the research show that there are efforts to protect and prevent juvenile delinquency from the Bintan Regency Government in the form of regional head policy, namely Regent's Regulation Number 66 of 2014 concerning Compulsory Night Study Hours for Children in Bintan Regency, which is in accordance with applicable regulations but is not yet effective because there are several obstacles in its implementation.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are growing rapidly in fulfilling people's daily needs. MSMEs also participate in tax payments. According to the statement of the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) that MSMEs have not maximally contributed to tax revenue. The success of this tax revenue effort is determined by several factors. This study aims to evaluate the factors that influence MSME taxpayer compliance. The results showed that spiritual intelligence and understanding of taxation did not have a significant influence on MSME taxpayer compliance. However, tax regulations have a significant influence on MSME taxpayer compliance.

In the planning and management of the budget for working visits, Commission C of the North Sumatra Provincial DPRD plays a crucial role. Through qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach and direct observation at the North Sumatra Provincial DPRD for one month, the research findings revealed that Commission C is involved in processes including the preparation, implementation, and distribution of official notes, as well as the printing of documents such as SPT and SPPD for the execution of working visits. Additionally, Commission C also performs legislative, oversight, budgeting, and coordination functions to ensure the efficiency and transparency of fund utilization and compliance with applicable regulations. These findings highlight the significance of the role of Commission C in representing and serving the interests of the North Sumatra community effectively.

In general, when someone applies for a loan to a financial institution such as a bank or company, they will usually make an agreement that has been approved by both parties. However, it often happens that agreements are only based on verbal agreements, without being written. The aim of this research is to analyze the validity of verbal credit agreements using a car as collateral, as well as to examine whether the principle of good faith is applied in the agreement. This research is empirical legal research that uses primary and secondary data obtained from field research, literature and statutory regulations related to the issues raised. Data collection techniques are carried out through recording and documentation. This data is then analyzed and presented qualitatively. The research results show that the credit agreement made verbally between Party 1 and Party 2 meets all the requirements necessary to be considered valid in accordance with Article 1320 of the Civil Code (KUHPerdata). There was an agreement to borrow money using a Toyota car as collateral. Party 1 has also carried out its obligations in good faith in accordance with the agreement made together with Party 2, without any violations. Party 1 repaid 30% of the total loan to Ketut within 5 months, with loan interest of 10% per month.    

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that cause the existence of the case of buloi boyot or women who are pregnant out of wedlock without a valid marriage engagement in the Village Community Tungoi one Lolayan District Bolaang Mongondow. This study was conducted using descriptive analysis method with empirical juridical research. The subjects in this study were 3 (three) informants, namely; Village Head, Head of customary institutions and head of the Office of Religious Affairs. In this case the researchers used interview data, documentation and field observations. The results in this study indicate that the factors that cause related cases buloi boyot, such as; adolescent promiscuity less positive, lack of attention from parents, the influence of technology and information and lack of understanding of religion that has been believed. The efforts made by the village apparatus in handling the case by providing sanctions in the form of fines for the perpetrator based on written rules in Tungoi village regulation I Number 2 of 2022 concerning marriage customs. Although the rules have been implemented for the village community, in fact it is still not enough to accommodate and does not provide a deterrent effect at all. Therefore, the role of village heads and customary institutions has a great task to narrow or even eliminate such cases by conducting legal counseling and revising village regulations with more stringent sanctions so that local communities feel the deterrent effect

The position of witnesses in the criminal justice process occupies a key position, as seen in Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code (hereinafter abbreviated to KUHAP). The method used is library research, collecting data by searching for sources and constructing them from various sources such as books, journals and existing research. In the criminal justice system, witnesses have not been maximally protected in a number of laws and regulations such as in the Criminal Procedure Code and in the Criminal Code, where witnesses have not received maximum attention because in the law above, almost in the articles of the Criminal Procedure Code there is not a single article that specifically regulates witness protection and almost every article in the Criminal Procedure Code and the Criminal Code, witness rights are always included with the rights of victims. The Criminal Procedure Code, which has so far been the basis for proceedings in Indonesian criminal justice, does not regulate the rights and protection of witnesses fundamentally or specifically even though there are several provisions. in the Criminal Procedure Code which regulates, regarding the rights of a witness as Article 108 paragraph (1) reads: every person who experiences, sees and witnesses and/or becomes a victim of an incident which constitutes a criminal act has the right to submit a report or complaint to the investigator or investigator either verbally or verbally. writing.

Abortion is a complex issue involving moral, legal and health considerations. Legal exceptions to abortion are a key focus in unraveling the dynamics of this complexity. Legal views and norms regarding abortion have undergone significant changes, reflecting social changes and understandings of women's reproductive rights. This study aims to analyze the regulations and legal views that define legal exceptions to abortion in Indonesia and how they relate to mitigating women's health risks. The research method involved a literature review and juridical analysis. The results show that the Health Law and Criminal Code provide exceptions for abortion under certain medical conditions, but the 40-day maximum time limit has been criticized. The role of certified health workers and constantly updated regulations play an important role. Implementation of legal exceptions remains challenging, especially in remote areas. In responding to this debate, regulations need to consider the humanitarian and psychological aspects of rape victims.

Currently processing counseling guidance data still uses manual methods, that is, every time there is a violation of the rules and regulations committed by students, it will be recorded by the BK (Counseling Guidance) teacher or officer using paper media, because there are so many violations that this school has difficulty in processing it. counseling guidance data and the use of paper as a medium for recording violations is no longer relevant, and also the less effective function of parental summons letters which are rarely delivered by students who violate school rules, the aim of this research is to build a monitoring system for counseling guidance in SMPN Selangit is based on mobile web to make it easier for the school to process student violation data, the system development method used in this research is waterfall, waterfall is a method that provides systematic and sequential approaches for software developers such as requirements specifications, software design implementation , trials, and so on, the implication of this research is that the existence of this counseling guidance information system can make it easier for the school to process counseling guidance data and make it easier for parents to monitor their children at Selangit Middle School.

Corruption in Indonesia is a chronic problem that damages the social and economic structure of the country. This paper explores the history of corruption from feudal times to the modern era, highlighting corrupt practices as part of the culture of government. The government has taken serious steps by establishing anti-corruption regulations and institutions to eradicate corruption that harms society and the state. This research uses the literature study method with a focus on improving governance and increasing transparency as an effort to prevent corruption. Through qualitative analysis, this research evaluates the effectiveness of existing anti-corruption regulations and institutions, as well as understanding the impact of corruption on people's social and economic rights. The results show that the government has taken concrete steps, such as establishing the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and encouraging the use of information technology. However, the fight against corruption is faced with structural, cultural, instrumental and management barriers. Measures to improve governance and increase transparency are key to preventing corruption. Challenges include organized corruption, corrupt practices in the private sector, and non-compliance with regulations. Lack of resources is a constraint, and corruption in complex bureaucratic systems complicates case handling. Improving coordination, transparency, and public participation is needed to overcome these challenges. The government needs to continuously monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of corruption-fighting measures. Regular evaluation, public participation, and human resource capacity building are key to creating a strong and resilient system against corrupt practices. Collective awareness and cooperation between the government, anti-corruption organizations, and society are essential to build an Indonesia that is clean from corruption and just for all its people.  

There are still many legal violations regarding personal data via the internet and also regarding the financial risks suffered by bank customers. There are regulations that protect bank customers who use internet banking from the threat of cyber crime and what legal measures can be taken by bank customers who use internet banking if the customer's personal data is not protected or their personal data is leaked. The research design or structure used by the author in this research is Library Research. There are several laws and regulations that regulate the personal data of customers and also banks and bank customers who feel disadvantaged due to the dissemination of customer personal information. That legal protection efforts have been made but have not reflected the principle of balance that is needed. Bank customers who feel disadvantaged due to the distribution of customer personal information used by third parties. The need for better legal protection for customers.

This research was conducted as an effort to obtain a reading material related to thermodynamics so that it can be more easily understood by students or other readers. In conducting research, a researcher needs to follow the rules and regulations that apply so that the results obtained can be said to be valid. This research was conducted using the literature review method, namely by looking for sources that lead to a literature review of the basic concepts of thermodynamics which in this search are very important and much needed. The results of this study are that there are implications or connectedness between the concept of a single particle system and thermodynamics. Single particle systems trapped in a potential well can be explained or understood from a thermodynamic perspective.

esearch explores the impact of digital technology on market competitive dynamics, considering the role of big data, artificial intelligence (AI), digital platforms and online marketing strategies. The discussion also includes factors that influence success in competition in digital markets, such as personalization of customer experience, multichannel integration, data security, and adaptation to changing regulations and consumer trends. This analysis provides important insights for business people in facing challenges and exploiting opportunities in an increasingly dynamic and sophisticated competitive environment.