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The rapid expansion of e-commerce has introduced new complexities in consumer rights and legal protections. This article examines the legal framework for consumer protection in digital transactions, focusing on e-commerce fraud, data privacy, and contract enforcement. Through a comparative analysis, it identifies the strengths and weaknesses of existing regulations and suggests improvements to safeguard consumer rights in the digital age. The findings aim to inform policy development for enhancing consumer confidence and security in online transactions.

The selection of the best students in schools is essential to recognize both academic and non-academic achievements and to motivate other students to improve their skills. SMP Negeri 16 Jakarta requires an objective decision support system to select the best students based on predefined criteria. This study aims to design and implement a decision support system using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to facilitate the selection of the best students at SMPN 16 Jakarta. The SAW method is chosen due to its capability to accommodate multiple criteria through weighting and ranking for each alternative. The research process involves observation, interviews, and documentation, which are then used to determine primary criteria such as academic achievement, social skills, and participation in school activities. The findings show that the application of the SAW method enables a more accurate and objective selection of the best students by ranking based on the final score of each criterion. This system is expected to assist SMPN 16 Jakarta in making more structured decisions and supporting educational quality improvement.

This research examines how hadith literature is utilized in teaching moral and ethical character in Islamic schools. Through a case study approach involving schools in Pakistan, the study analyzes teaching methodologies that emphasize character development, kindness, honesty, and responsibility through hadith. Results show that students engaged with hadithbased moral lessons exhibit notable improvement in behavioral traits, suggesting the importance of hadith as a primary source in character education. The study provides recommendations for educators to integrate hadith effectively into characterbuilding lessons.  

This research explores the preparedness of Indonesian cadets in multimodal transportation, focusing on 50 cadets from a transportation institution in Jakarta. Qualitative methods, including interviews and focus groups, were used to assess their knowledge, skills, and adaptability to emerging trends and technologies. The findings indicate that while cadets demonstrate a strong understanding of key concepts and principles, there are areas for improvement, particularly in problem-solving skills and adaptability to new technologies. Recommendations include enhancing problem-solving skills, incorporating training on emerging technologies, fostering collaboration and interdisciplinary learning, providing continuous professional development opportunities, strengthening industry-academia collaboration, evaluating and updating curriculum regularly, and promoting lifelong learning and professionalism. These recommendations aim to enhance the preparedness of Indonesian cadets and ensure that educational programs align with the evolving needs of the transportation industry.

Drug prevention socialization activities and drug abuse punishment at SMPN 3 Pegandon aim to increase students awareness of the dangers of narcotics and the legal consequences arising from drug use. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these socialization activities in achieving these goals. The research method used was structured interviews with students and teaching staff at SMPN 3 Pegandon. The results of the study showed that socialization activities were able to increase students' understanding of the dangers of narcotics and awareness of punishment. However, there are challenges in implementing anticipatory behavior against daily drug abuse. The implications of this study highlight the need for improvements in the implementation strategy of more inclusive and sustainable drug prevention socialization in the school environment.

LP is one of the pharmaceutical companies located in Serang, Banten. The production of the company is tablets, capsules, and syrup. Problems that occur at PT. LP is a product defect that occurs in capsule filling, especially in capsule A. The purpose of this study is to determine the defective products that occur in capsule A and to find out the proposed improvements that will be made to reduce product defects in capsule A. The research methods used are Statistical Process Control (SPC)  and Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (F-FMEA). The population and samples used were defective capsule A during the production process from March 2022 to May 2023, with sampling techniques through production data, observation and interviews. And the results of research using a check sheet show that the percentage of defects reaches 6%, based on the pareto chart, the priority of improvement that needs to be done is for the dominant type of defect, namely  the dented capsule reject reaches 90%, and on the control chart there are still control points that are outside the UCL and LCL. FMEA calculations, the RPN value of the capsule is dented on the head of the capsule or capsule body reaches 384, and the FRPN value is 6.76.    

Education in Indonesia continues to grow, but the main challenge in learning Biology, especially in cell material, is the lack of student involvement. Many students rely more on memorization methods than understanding concepts, which impacts their low learning outcomes. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of  the Plants vs Zombies game-based learning method in improving the cognitive learning outcomes of students in grades XI-B at SMA Negeri 1 Tondano, especially in cell biology materials. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) approach, which is carried out in two cycles. In the first cycle, students were invited to learn through the Plants vs Zombies game which was integrated with the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model. Data is collected through observation and cognitive tests to measure student learning outcomes. The results showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes. The average score of students increased from 71.2 to 87.27, with the highest score reaching 92.3 and the lowest score being 76.9. Students also show improvements in engagement, collaboration, and motivation to learn. This research indicates that the application of games as learning media can make abstract biology material more interesting and easy to understand. In addition, this study also highlights the important role of teachers in facilitating game-based learning. The implications of this study show that game-based methods can be an innovative solution in improving the quality of learning in the 21st century.

Energy efficiency is a critical concern in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to the limited power resources available in sensor nodes. Prolonging network lifespan while ensuring reliable data transmission is essential for successful deployment in various applications, such as environmental monitoring, military operations, and industrial automation. This paper presents a mathematical model designed to optimize energy consumption across various nodes in WSNs. By implementing simulations and analyzing data from these models, the study demonstrates significant improvements in extending network lifespan while maintaining reliable data throughput. The findings contribute valuable insights into energy management for large-scale sensor deployments.

Smart grids incorporate IoT devices that enhance energy management, monitoring, and overall grid efficiency. However, this interconnectivity also increases vulnerability to cybersecurity threats, posing risks to critical infrastructure. This research investigates the implementation of blockchain technology to secure data transactions within IoT-based smart grids. By leveraging blockchain's decentralized, tamper-resistant characteristics, the study demonstrates improvements in data integrity and cybersecurity for smart grids, providing a potential framework for resilient and secure energy infrastructures.

The law of kamma is a core Buddhist doctrine explaining moral causality grounded in intentional action (cetana). Amid contemporary moral challenges dishonesty, aggression, low self-control, and weakened character education Buddhist moral education requires an internal basis that is both ethically clear and psychologically workable. This article examines how understanding kamma functions as a conceptual foundation for moral transformation, self-regulation, and behavioral improvement in Buddhist character education. Using a qualitative literature review, the study synthesizes canonical teachings and peer‑reviewed research in Buddhist ethics and moral psychology. Findings indicate that a non‑fatalistic understanding of kamma strengthens moral awareness, personal responsibility, reflective judgment, shame and moral dread (hiri–ottappa), and sustained self‑control. Integrating kamma within character education supports disciplined conduct (sīla), mindfulness‑based self‑management, and prosocial behavior that remains stable across contexts.

The current era is an era of scientific and technological progress which gives rise to competition in various fields as well as socio-economic improvements which have an impact on the level of public health and life expectancy, so that the number of people who pay less attention to health is also increasing. The most important impacts are physical, psychological and social setbacks. Mothers are one of the efforts to maintain health nowadays because mothers play a greater role in maintaining family health and need to understand balanced nutritional intake and a healthy lifestyle. From a survey conducted by the service team through interviews with several residents, it is known that the high population of mothers in Sariwangi village is a concern for the community, but the problem is related to the health of mothers. This service was carried out at the PKK Selawangi Village and Posyandu Cempaka 3 Selawangi Village, Sariwangi District. The first stage is planning the activities carried out. The second stage is the implementation of service activities in the form of solutions that have been approved by partner 1 and partner 2, namely Sariwangi Village.

Mathematics learning in SD Negeri Cikampek Kota faces several complex issues, including irrelevant curriculum, low teaching quality, low student interest and motivation, and limited resources. To address these problems, integrated actions from various stakeholders are needed. Recommended actions include refining a more relevant and integrative mathematics curriculum, enhancing teaching quality through teacher training and mentoring, utilizing technology in learning, boosting student motivation, involving parents and the community, and developing collaborative learning approaches. By implementing these strategies holistically and sustainably, it is hoped that the understanding and achievement of mathematics among students in SD Negeri Cikampek Kota can be improved. Ongoing evaluation and feedback are also necessary to ensure the success of improvement efforts. Thus, mathematics learning in SD Negeri Cikampek Kota is expected to become more effective and competitive, in line with national education goals.

Neonatal mortality is a major issue in developing countries, particularly in Indonesia. Data reveals that Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) contributes to 59% of infant deaths in Indonesia. Infant mortality rates remain high in Indonesia, at 20 per 1,000 live births. West Java has recorded a significant decline in neonatal mortality rates, dropping from 9.9 per 1,000 live births in 2019 to 9 per 1,000 in 2021. Factors influencing neonatal mortality have been extensively studied, including through the Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) method. The MGWR model combines local and global models, generating parameter estimators that are both local and global according to the observation locations. This research uses secondary data from the health profile of West Java, with the dependent variable being the number of neonatal deaths in 27 districts/cities in the year 2020. MGWR analysis results indicate that congenital anomalies have a local impact, while low birth weight and complete neonatal visits affect the entire West Java region globally. This study offers vital insights into the factors contributing to neonatal mortality in West Java and can serve as a foundation for targeted policy improvements and healthcare interventions

The construction of the Bypass Road is one of the factors in facilitating regional development, besides that it will also facilitate the flow of traffic which of course will have both positive and negative impacts related to the land around the road. Symptoms that occur indicate that with the construction of the Balige Bypass road is in addition to spurring the growth and development of the areas around the road but also spur speculators, migrants and investors to reside and invest to open businesses along the Bypass road, which in turn is expected to improve the welfare of the people around the Balige Bypass road. The purpose of this study was conducted to determine and analyze the impact of the construction of the Balige Bypass road on the welfare of the Tambunan Balige community. This research is expected to add knowledge in knowing the impact of the construction of the Balige Bypass road on improving the welfare of the Tambunan Balige community and can be one of the reference materials for the government and related parties for improvements in improving community welfare, as well as information and reference materials for parties in need. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection is done through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the construction of the Balige Bypass road has opened up employment opportunities.

This service activity was motivated by observation data which showed that the literacy skills of grade 5 students were quite low. The implementation of the service aims to provide students with better thinking skills regarding various problems that arise in questions through class AKM which is carried out in 2 sessions, namely pre-test and post-test. This activity was implemented in class 5, which was attended by 18 students. Service activities consist of 3 stages, namely planning, implementation and evaluation. The results of the service show a significant increase in students' literacy abilities. The increase in AKM scores in class V was supported by the successful implementation of the work program that had been designed by students. From the pre-test to post-test AKM test activities there was good improvement and quite a high increase in literacy skills among students.

This research paper explores the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in English Language Teaching (ELT) within the context of Bangladesh. The study delves into the various problems and challenges that educators face while incorporating ICT tools into ELT practices. It examines factors such as limited access to technology, inadequate digital literacy among teachers and students, and infrastructural constraints. The paper also highlights the potential benefits and prospects of utilizing ICT in ELT, including enhanced engagement, interactive learning opportunities, and exposure to authentic language resources. Drawing on qualitative data, the research aims to provide insights into the current status of ICT integration in ELT, shedding light on both barriers and opportunities. This analysis offers recommendations for addressing challenges and maximizing the benefits of ICT integration, thereby contributing to the improvement of English language education in Bangladesh's educational landscape.

This research explores the perceptions of 40 cadets at the Transportation Institute in Jakarta regarding the application of visual cues and astronomical learning in maritime safety and navigation. Through qualitative research methods, including interviews and observational techniques, the study examines cadets' proficiency in celestial navigation, their engagement with social media and citizen science initiatives related to astronomical learning, and their awareness of cultural differences in navigation practices. The findings reveal that cadets demonstrate a high level of proficiency in celestial navigation, indicating the effectiveness of the educational practices at the Transportation Institute. However, there is room for improvement in terms of leveraging social media for educational purposes and developing cross-cultural sensitivity among cadets. The research highlights the importance of integrating practical training, fostering cross-cultural competence, and promoting a culture of lifelong learning among cadets to ensure their preparedness for the modern maritime industry. The insights gained from this research can inform educational practices and professional development initiatives in the maritime sector.

Vocabulary, comprising words acknowledged by individuals or inherent to a particular language, is essentially a collection of linguistic elements. Vocabulary is being an important element to support students’ competence in English. The aim of this study is to examine and enhance students' vocabulary achievement at SMAN 1 Sutojayan, specifically in class XI MIPA 2, using Blooket as a learning tool. In this research, a quantitative methodology is utilized, employing a one-group pre-test post-test design. The research subjects consist of 35 students from class XI MIPA 2. The findings of this investigation demonstrate that the null hypothesis (Ho) was disapproved, while the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was affirmed, revealing a notable mean disparity between pre-test and post-test results. This research provides a deeper understanding of the importance of enriching students' vocabulary during the learning process, as well as establishing a strong foundation for the development of more effective teaching strategies to enhance students' vocabulary comprehension in the future. The findings of this study can be a valuable contribution to efforts aimed at improving the quality of education at SMAN 1 Sutojayan and similar educational institutions. Future research is highly recommended to explore an other tool for students’ vocabulary improvement.

Non-hemorrhagic stroke is a clinical sign of dysfunction or damage to brain tissue caused by lack of blood flow to the brain, thereby disrupting the need for blood and oxygen in brain tissue. Slow stroke back massage therapy is a non-pharmacological therapy to overcome problems in patients with stroke. This research aims to be able to carry out nursing care for clients with non-hemorrhagic stroke using slow stroke back massage therapy in the Flamboyan Room at RSUD dr. T.C Hillers Maumere. The research design used was a case study. The approach used is a nursing care approach which includes identifying data from assessment results, nursing diagnoses, planning, implementation and evaluation. Slow stroke back massage therapy is carried out for 3 days. Data collection techniques used a medical-surgical nursing care assessment format, observation and literature study. The results of the case study showed that clients were diagnosed with ineffective cerebral perfusion and impaired physical mobility. The application of slow stroke back massage therapy showed improvements or changes on the third day, which resulted in the client experiencing a decrease in blood pressure from 180/100 mmHg to 160/90mmHg, not complaining of dizziness, and the patient's right hand was starting to be able to move. The conclusion of this case study is that slow stroke back massage therapy is effective in reducing blood pressure and also helps in increasing physical mobility in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients.

The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Wordwall application in stimulating reading skills among tenth-grade students at X-10 in SMA 1 Sutojayan. It employs a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test methodology, following a quantitative research framework. The process includes three stages: 1) pre-test, 2) treatment, and 3) post-test. To ensure data reliability, tests were piloted on students with similar proficiency levels. Data collection involved administering tests, and statistical analysis. Results showed a significant improvement in student reading achievement, with scores increasing from 77.24 to 86.24 after implementing the Wordwall application for recount text instruction. The paired sample t-test showed the distinction (p = 0.000), underscoring the Wordwall application's effectiveness in enhancing recount text reading achievement among tenth-grade students at X-10 in SMA Negeri 1 Sutojayan Blitar.