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Opinion is a person's opinion or thought regarding a problem that is currently occurring in society. An opinion must pay attention to the effectiveness of the sentence so that the reader can capture its contents. Therefore, this study will focus on the effectiveness of a sentence in a collection of opinions. This study was conducted to describe the effectiveness of sentences in a collection of opinions as critical reading teaching materials. This type of study is qualitative with a descriptive method; the technique for collecting data is using the listening and note-taking technique. The results of this study indicate that there are still several sentences that are not effective, so that readers have difficulty capturing their contents properly. Effective sentences meet requirements such as the economy of words, commensurate structure, logical language, and careful reasoning. Meanwhile, ineffective sentences occur because the structure of the sentence does not show unity, is wasteful of words or long-winded explanations, and lacks clarity in conveying information. The benefits of this study, in practice, are that it makes it easier for readers to determine the effectiveness of sentences in a collection of opinions. This study took data in the form of ineffective sentences contained in a collection of opinions for statistical literacy, the November 2024 edition of critical reading teaching materials for high school students.

In the era of globalization, the widespread use of digital gadgets has significantly influenced students’ daily lives, including their learning processes. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of gadget addiction among students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTS) and to examine its potential impact on their ability to recite the Qur’an. A quantitative approach with a correlational research design was employed to identify the association between gadget addiction and Qur’an reading proficiency. The participants consisted of 122 students selected through convenience sampling from one MTS institution in Cirebon Regency. The instrument for measuring gadget addiction contained 11 items, while the Qur’an reading ability test consisted of 12 items, with a reliability coefficient of 0.593. Data analysis included descriptive statistics to describe the distribution of scores and inferential statistics, specifically the correlation test, to determine the relationship between the two variables. The results revealed that 77% of students experienced a high level of gadget addiction, while 15% demonstrated low levels, and 8% fell into the moderate category. In terms of Qur’an recitation ability, 63% of the students were classified in the low category, 35% in the moderate category, and only 2% in the high category. The correlation analysis produced a coefficient of -0.544**, indicating a moderately strong negative relationship between gadget addiction and Qur’an reading ability (range 0.400–0.599). The two-tailed significance value (p = 0.000 < 0.05) confirmed the statistical significance of this finding. Overall, the study highlights that greater gadget addiction is associated with lower Qur’an reading proficiency, whereas lower levels of gadget use are linked to improved recitation skills. These findings suggest the urgent need for educational interventions and parental guidance to balance gadget usage and ensure the strengthening of Qur’anic literacy among students.

This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality and library facilities on student satisfaction at SDN Balongsari I/500 Surabaya. The quality of library services includes aspects of speed, reliability, and responsiveness of library staff, while library facilities include the availability of book collections, reading rooms, and other supporting facilities. The research method used is quantitative with a survey approach. The research sample consisted of 85 students who actively use the library at SDN Balongsari I/500 Surabaya, who were selected by proportional stratified random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression to test the effect of service quality and facility variables on student satisfaction. The results showed that the quality of library services and facilities simultaneously, as indicated by the calculated F value greater than the F table value, namely the calculated F of 8.094 and the F table of 3.9574, had a positive and significant effect on student satisfaction. Partially, the calculated t value for the service quality variable was 4.898 while the calculated T value for the facility variable was 4.850. So service quality has a more dominant influence than library facilities. This study suggests improving service quality and developing library facilities as a strategy to increase student satisfaction in utilizing school libraries. Keywords: Quality of Library Services and Facilities and Student Satisfaction.

Literacy is a fundamental skill essential for academic, social, and cultural development, yet interest in and culture surrounding literacy remain low in rural areas such as Desa Toapaya, Indonesia. This community service program aimed to strengthen basic literacy at SDN 005 Toapaya through a collaborative and integrative approach involving the school, university students, the Bintan Library Office, families, and local communities. The method employed was participatory and collaborative, implementing the SIBER CERDAS program (Synergy of Interactive Learning, Literacy, and Numeracy), which included shared reading, interactive discussions, quizzes, writing and storytelling competitions, and interactive numeracy activities. The results showed increased student motivation and participation in literacy and numeracy activities, as well as improved confidence in oral expression. Additionally, there was a noticeable improvement in students’ engagement with reading materials. Challenges faced included limited reading materials, inconsistent literacy habits at home, and lack of awareness about the importance of regular literacy practice. To ensure sustainability, ongoing support from schools, families, and local government, along with strengthened cooperation with libraries and communities, is necessary. Encouraging active participation and fostering a habit of regular reading is crucial for the long-term success of such initiatives. This program successfully created an inclusive and sustainable literacy ecosystem and serves as an adaptable model for similar rural communities, offering valuable lessons in community-driven educational development.

This community service initiative aimed to enhance public awareness in Lam Keumok Village regarding environmental cleanliness and health through the installation of educational posters. The project was motivated by the prevalence of environment-related diseases and limited public access to effective visual information. The method used was educational and observational with limited participatory engagement. Poster were designed to be visually appealing and easily understood, then placed in strategic public locations such as village halls and places of worship. Observations revealed increased public engagement, marked by spontaneous interactions like reading and discussing the posters. The media proved effective in directly conveying messages, strengthening collective awarenes, and fostering civic involvement. Use of local language and contextual visuals ensured message clarity. Despite the short implementation period, the long-term potential impact is promising as repeated visual exposure can influence behavioral change. The findings conclude that educational posters are a powerful communication tool in rural areas and suggest the strategi can be replicated in similar settings. Community participation in content planning was a key factor in enhancing ownership and ensuring program sustainability.

The Children’s Reading and Learning Corner program is a community service activity implemented by Group 7 of the Community Service Program (KKN) from Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta in Kalibaru Subdistrict, North Jakarta. This program was designed to address the challenge of low reading interest and the limited access to learning facilities among children in the local community. The main target of the activity was children aged 5–8 years, with the objective of increasing reading interest, strengthening basic cognitive skills, and fostering positive learning habits from an early age. The program was carried out through interactive learning methods with a thematic approach, combined with group discussions, question-and-answer sessions, shared reading, and simple practices that encouraged active participation. The learning materials covered Basic Mathematics, Indonesian Language, and General Knowledge, all adjusted to the children’s comprehension levels. In addition, a coloring competition was held to foster creativity, train fine motor skills, and create a fun and engaging learning atmosphere. Evaluation results indicated a significant improvement in children’s enthusiasm for learning, better understanding of the provided materials, and more active involvement during the sessions. The children also demonstrated increased self-confidence, particularly when asked to read aloud or answer questions in front of their peers. Furthermore, the provision of a bookshelf in the community hall became a strategic step to establish a sustainable reading space that could be used outside of program hours. Overall, the program successfully achieved its intended goals and is considered feasible to be expanded to other areas. Additional support in the form of a wider collection of books, more creative learning media, and consistent community involvement will be key factors in ensuring the sustainability and long-term impact of the program.

The lack of knowledge among students in reading cursive letters and copying simple sentences into cursive letters has led to low writing skills in second-grade students at SD Negeri 11 Bahagia. This indicates the importance of implementing an approach that can enhance their writing skills. One alternative that can be implemented is the use of card media. Card media is considered effective because it provides visual stimulation that helps students recognize and correctly write cursive letters. This study aims to improve students' ability to write cursive letters through the use of card media in Indonesian language lessons. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR), which allows for direct evaluation in each learning cycle. The subjects of this study are second-grade students at SD Negeri 11 Bahagia Panti. Before the action was implemented, the average score of students in the pre-action activities was 60, indicating the need for improvement. In the first cycle, the average score increased to 75, with a completion percentage of 55%. Although there was an improvement, it did not yet reach the expected target. After continuing to the second cycle, the students' average score further increased to 81.2, with a completion percentage reaching 84%. This shows that the use of card media successfully improved students' writing skills and that the target set had been achieved. Therefore, this study concludes that the use of card media can significantly improve students' learning outcomes in writing cursive letters.

Pop-up is a visual delivery technique in the form of three dimensions that falls under paper engineering, where paper is folded in such a way that it emerges or expands when a page is opened. This technique not only provides aesthetic value but also offers a more interactive reading experience for readers. Pop-up storybooks are designed to make the narrative within them come alive through the raised effects produced by folding techniques. Thus, readers not only enjoy the text but also gain a visual experience that supports their imagination of the story’s content. A well-designed pop-up book is determined by the effectiveness of the pop-up models used in clearly conveying the story’s message. The choice of folding models must align with the narrative so that the visual elements presented are not only aesthetically appealing but also communicative. This study aims to analyze the selection of pop-up models and to assess the extent to which these models successfully depict the story adapted from the Harry Potter film. The analysis results show that five types of pop-up models are used, namely magic box, V-folds, multiple layers, floating layers, and moving discs. Among these five, multiple layers are the most frequently used model, with a percentage of 35.3%. Meanwhile, effectiveness analysis indicates that 58.8% of the pop-up models employed successfully illustrate the story, both in terms of character visualization and storyline. In conclusion, the Harry Potter pop-up book demonstrates innovative and effective paper engineering techniques in storytelling. This proves that interactive media such as pop-up books can serve as a creative medium to enhance both the appeal and comprehension of readers toward a literary work or film adaptation.

This study aims to describe the form and function of negation elements in the syntactic structure of Chairil Anwar's poetry anthology. The research method is descriptive qualitative with linguistic approach. The data sources are poetry texts by Chairil Anwar consisting of nine titles of Chairil Anwar's poems: Aku, Diponegoro, Karawang-Bekasi, Derai-Derai Cemara, Senja di Pelabuhan Kecil, Cintaku Jauh di Pulau, Hampa, Tak Sepadan and Siap Sedia. The data was collected using the documentation method, namely reading and scrutinizing the poetry texts to identify sentences that contain negation elements. The data found were then recorded and classified based on the form and location of the negation element in the syntactic structure of the sentence. Data analysis was conducted through several stages, namely: 1) identifying negation elements (all word/phrase elements containing negation elements in the poem); 2) classifying negation forms based on their types such as not, not, none, yet or don't; 3) analyzing syntactic structure (how the negation element functions in the syntactic structure, whether in predicate, subject, object or adverb; 4) interpreting the meaning and semantic and stylistic functions of negation elements in the context of the whole poem. To maintain data validity, this research uses theoretical triangulation by referring to various linguistic references (especially syntax and semantics) as well as previous studies on Chairil Anwar's poetry. In addition, data validation is done through cross-checking between readers on the results of identification and analysis. The results show that the element of negation plays a central role in shaping the syntactic structure, meaning and ideological and emotional character of his poetry. 

Background: Thesis or Final Assignment is a form of student work that has gone through learning various sciences, skills and knowledge in accordance with the established curriculum. Self-confidence is the ability to believe, understand, develop positive self-assessment in the desired behavior to achieve certain achievements. Meanwhile, intensity can be interpreted as a strength that shows a condition such as a strong or serious spirit that a person has in the form of attitudes or actions. Method: This research is a type of quantitative research with a cros sectional research design. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires. The number of respondents was 70 people using Probability Sampling Technique. The data obtained was processed statistically using the spearman test. Results: Based on the analysis results, it was found that of the 70 research respondents, most of the characteristics of the respondents were female (65.7%). Meanwhile, the research results showed that students with a high level of self-confidence (20.0%), had a very high level of self-confidence (80.0%). Respondents had a low intensity of reading the Koran, namely (1.4%), a moderate intensity of reading the Koran was (94.3%), while those in the high category were (4.3%). Conclution: From the results of this research, it can be concluded that students at the Faculty of Islamic Studies at the Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, have proven that there is no strong relationship between the intensity of reading the Al-Quran and the level of self-confidence (p value > 0.05) using the Spearman test.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) leakage remains one of the leading causes of fires in both household and industrial environments, highlighting the urgent need for early detection systems that provide fast and accurate warnings. This study aims to design and implement an LPG leakage detection device based on the ESP8266 microcontroller, utilizing the MQ-6 gas sensor and a real-time notification system through Telegram Bot integration. The system operates by reading LPG gas concentration via the MQ-6 sensor, which is then processed by the ESP8266 to automatically activate a buzzer alarm and a DC fan when gas levels exceed the threshold of 200 ppm. Additionally, the system sends instant alert notifications to the user through the Telegram application, allowing remote monitoring of gas conditions. Real-time gas concentration data are also displayed using a 16x2 LCD for direct visualization. System testing was carried out through controlled gas leakage simulations, and the results showed that the device is capable of responding rapidly, with a reaction time of less than 2 seconds after detection, while consistently providing accurate warnings. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology significantly enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of the system, enabling practical and accessible monitoring. Overall, the developed device demonstrates strong potential as an innovative solution to improve safety, minimize fire risks, and raise public awareness regarding the hazards of LPG leakage, making it suitable for practical application in households and small industries.

Community service (PKM) is one of the pillars of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, aimed at improving the quality of life of society through the transfer of knowledge and technology. This study focuses on the strategic role of PKM in addressing the low literacy levels in Indonesia, an issue that directly impacts social-economic welfare. Based on literature studies, this article analyzes the relationship between PKM, literacy, and welfare, as well as identifying effective implementation methods. The analysis results show that PKM is not only limited to formal education but must also be solution-oriented, participatory, and sustainable. Relevant PKM programs, such as the establishment of reading gardens, digital training for MSMEs, and financial education, have proven effective in enhancing community literacy. Improving literacy, including digital and financial literacy, is an essential tool for empowering communities to access information, develop skills, and make informed decisions. Digital literacy, for instance, opens access to vast information, while financial literacy helps communities manage their finances wisely, ultimately increasing their economic competitiveness. Through a participatory approach, PKM can also encourage communities to be more actively involved in decision-making processes related to their welfare. Through PKM programs, academics can bridge the knowledge and skills gap in society, contributing to the reduction of poverty and inequality. Thus, literacy not only functions to enhance individual capacity but also serves as a bridge to better welfare, covering economic, social, and health aspects. Solution-oriented and sustainable PKM programs can be the key to creating a more prosperous and independent society.

This community service activity aims to improve the literacy of residents in Penambangan Village through the implementation of a QR Code-based digital library at the Educational Center. The background of this program lies in the low level of literacy in rural areas, which is strongly influenced by the limited access to reading materials and the absence of library facilities. In the current digital era, the need for fast, easy, and affordable access to information has become increasingly important. Therefore, the application of simple technology such as QR Codes is considered an innovative solution to bridge the literacy gap between rural and urban communities. The method used in this activity was Participatory Action Research (PAR), which emphasizes active involvement of the community. The stages of the program consisted of initial observation to identify literacy needs, collaborative planning with local residents, implementation of the QR Code-based digital library, and reflection to evaluate achievements and challenges. This method ensured that the community was not only an object but also an active subject in the process of improving literacy. The results show an increase in reading interest and access to digital literacy, especially among young people. QR Codes installed at several strategic points enabled residents to access various digital reading resources using smartphones. Nevertheless, some obstacles were identified, including limited internet infrastructure and low digital literacy among the older population. Despite these challenges, the program successfully demonstrated that simple, technology-based approaches can significantly enhance literacy in rural areas. In conclusion, the implementation of a QR Code-based digital library supported by a PAR approach can serve as an effective alternative to increase literacy in rural communities. The success of the program strongly depends on collaboration among local residents, academics, and stakeholders to ensure its sustainability in the long term.

This study aims to analyze the use of figurative language in the novel Lonte Pageue by Adam Zainal. The method employed is descriptive qualitative, which is commonly used to analyze literary texts. The data collection technique applied in this research is the reading and note-taking technique, where the researcher reads through the novel and notes down relevant instances of figurative language. The data used in this study consist of sentences or phrases containing figurative language found in Lonte Pageue. The source of the data for this research is the novel Lonte Pageue by Adam Zainal, which serves as the primary material for analysis. The data analysis techniques applied include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings and discussion regarding figurative language in Lonte Pageue revealed a total of 85 instances of figurative language. These instances consist of 31 rhetorical figurative language expressions and 54 tropes. The rhetorical figurative language includes alliteration, euphemism, litotes, hyperbole, and paradox, while the tropes include simile, metaphor, personification, synecdoche, metonymy, antonomasia, irony, and antiphrasis. The results of the analysis indicate that rhetorical figurative language is the most frequently found, with 31 instances, while tropes are the least frequently identified, with only 54 instances. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of how figurative language is employed in Lonte Pageue, which contributes to the development of literature analysis.

This study aims to determine the process and effectiveness of instructional text reading skills in Indonesian Language Lessons through the CIRC method assisted by picture media in slow learner children at the elementary school level. The background of this study is the low reading comprehension ability of slow learner students caused by the lack of appropriate learning methods and media that are suitable for slow learner students. The method used in this study was the Classroom Action Research (CAR) model of Kemmis and Mctaggart, implemented in two cycles. The subjects were six slow-learning fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 002 Karangan. Data were collected through observation, learning test results, and documentation. The results of the learning test for reading instructional text skills showed a significant increase from cycle I to cycle II. In cycle I, 2 out of 6 slow learner students achieved the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM), with an average score of 60 (classical completion 33.33%). While in cycle II, the number of students who completed the test increased to 5 out of 6 slow learner students with an average score of 80 (classical completion 83.33%). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of the CIRC method assisted by image media can successfully improve instructional text reading skills because it meets the score above the KKM and the students' active involvement in the learning process.

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of tajwid learning and its influence on the Qur’an reading ability of grade XII RPL 2 students at SMKN 1 Wonosobo. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through classroom observation and interviews with both the teacher and selected students. The findings indicate that the tajwid learning process in grade XII RPL 2 has been quite effective, as it is conducted in accordance with the established rules of tajwid. The use of varied teaching methods, particularly those emphasizing reading practice, has positively influenced students’ ability to recite the Qur’an correctly. Most students are able to read fluently, observe the proper length of vowels, and articulate the letters according to their correct makhraj. Nevertheless, a small number of students have not yet fully mastered the application of makharijul letters consistently, thus requiring further guidance and practice. Overall, tajwid learning in this class contributes significantly to the improvement of Qur’an reading skills, both in terms of fluency and accuracy. Furthermore, this study highlights that mastery of tajwid is crucial for preserving the authenticity of Qur’anic recitation as well as enhancing students’ understanding and appreciation of the Qur’an. Therefore, tajwid instruction not only develops technical reading skills but also plays an important role in fostering religious and spiritual values among learners.

This study aims to describe the early reading skills of first-grade students at Wahidiyah Elementary School in Tugu Village, Sendang District, Tulungagung Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with a model adapted from John Creswell. The research subjects consisted of five students selected purposively. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The focus of the study was directed at five indicators of early reading, namely: letter recognition, syllable recognition, combining letters into words, reading words, and reading simple sentences. The results of the study showed that the use of the reading wheel teaching media had a positive impact on improving students' early reading skills. Students appeared enthusiastic about participating in reading learning activities with the reading wheel media. The activity of spinning the wheel, arranging letters, and reading the results of the rotation became a fun learning tool and motivated them to be more active. This process helped students recognize letters and put words together gradually, although the achievement of each student's early reading skills varied. The reading wheel teaching media was proven to create an interactive and enjoyable learning atmosphere. The conclusion of this study is that the reading wheel media is effective for use in early reading learning in first-grade elementary schools. Researchers recommend that teachers develop and utilize similar innovative teaching media to support students' early literacy skills.

This study investigated the implementation and effectiveness of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) in enhancing the English reading skills of tenth-grade students at an Indonesian senior high school. The research was motivated by the persistent gap left by traditional language teaching methods, which frequently emphasize grammatical accuracy and vocabulary memorization while often neglecting the development of practical reading abilities. To address this issue, the study systematically examined the application of TBLT through three structured phases: pre-reading, main reading, and post-reading tasks. Each phase was designed to promote active learning, critical thinking, and student engagement in the reading process. The methodology involved classroom observations, task-based instructional activities, and an analysis of student exam scores as the primary indicators of progress. During the pre-reading phase, students were encouraged to activate prior knowledge and predict content, which helped build contextual understanding. In the main reading phase, tasks focused on developing essential reading strategies such as skimming for general ideas and scanning for specific information. 

This article examines Herbert Marcuse's thoughts in One Dimensional Man as a critique of the dominance of technology and capitalism in shaping the one-dimensional consciousness of modern humans. Using a critical philosophical approach, this study examines how digital technology, which was originally projected as an instrument of liberation, has actually transformed into a subtle means of oppression through the mechanisms of false needs and irrational rationality. Instead of opening up a space for emancipation, technological developments often deepen human attachment to the logic of the consumption-oriented digital capitalist system. The main goal of this research is to reawaken critical awareness and human negation in the midst of virtual reality that increasingly dominates life in the Society 5.0 era. The results of the study show that digital humans tend to experience existential alienation, where deep reflection and authentic freedom are reduced by the flow of instant information, pseudo-entertainment, and consumptive lifestyles. This condition makes individuals trapped in a cycle of obedience to a system that seems rational, when in fact it covers structural dominance. The discussion emphasized the importance of emancipation efforts through the rejection of the dominant system and the reactivation of critical potential as a path to true freedom. Emancipation is understood not only as a release from the shackles of technology, but also as an effort to revive reflective consciousness that is able to negate false values. Thus, Marcuse's thought remains relevant to reading the crisis of contemporary human consciousness while providing a philosophical foundation for the formation of a reflective, independent, and autonomous subject.

The purpose of this Community Service activity is to assist teachers in developing reading teaching materials based on Micro Reading Skills, which serve as the foundation for improving reading skills and addressing challenges related to reading English texts. This initiative was carried out using a mentoring approach, which included presentations, hands-on practices, and demonstrations to engage teachers effectively. The methodology employed to assess the progress involved qualitative data analysis, which was based on direct observation of changes in teachers' abilities to apply the micro reading skills taught during the mentoring sessions. The activity focused on key components of micro reading skills, such as vocabulary acquisition, sentence comprehension, cohesive devices, theme-rheme relationships, and thematic progression patterns, which are essential to overcoming reading challenges. Teachers were equipped with strategies to decode complex texts and improve reading comprehension through the identification of these components. One of the significant outcomes of this program was the noticeable increase in teachers' understanding of how to implement these micro reading skills to address the difficulties students face while reading English texts. The participants' enthusiasm and active involvement during the mentoring sessions were inspiring, and the teachers expressed a strong desire to deepen their knowledge and continue developing specialized teaching materials focused on reading skills. This community service activity has not only provided immediate knowledge to the teachers but also sparked a lasting interest in refining their instructional approaches. Furthermore, the enhanced capabilities of the teachers will contribute to better student outcomes in reading comprehension, making this community service initiative an invaluable investment in both the professional development of teachers and the academic success of students.