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This study aims to analyze the influence of Brand Awareness and lifestyle on the purchase intention of IQOS products in Medan City. The background of this research is based on the shifting consumption patterns of urban society, which increasingly prioritizes health and modern lifestyles, leading to a transition from conventional cigarettes to alternative tobacco products. The research method applied is quantitative with an associative approach, using questionnaires and literature studies. The results show that Brand Awareness has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention, with recognition as the most dominant indicator. Lifestyle also significantly affects purchase intention, with opinion as the most influential indicator. Simultaneously, Brand Awareness and lifestyle have a significant impact on purchase intention, with exploratory interest as the highest indicator. These findings emphasize that strong brand identity and lifestyle compatibility are key factors in enhancing consumer interest and potential purchases of IQOS in the urban market.

Rheumatism in the elderly can cause chronic pain that affects the quality of sleep. One of the factors influencing the sleep pattern of elderly patients with rheumatism is the level of physical activity. Insufficient physical activity can worsen joint stiffness and increase sleep disturbances. This study aims to examine the effect of physical activity on sleep patterns in elderly rheumatism patients at the Sumber Pucung Elderly Posyandu, Malang Regency. This study is a quantitative study with an analytical correlational design using a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study consisted of all elderly rheumatism patients at the Sumber Pucung Elderly Posyandu, totaling 33 people. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The study was conducted from July 20 to 27, 2025. Data collection instruments used the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires. The results showed that most respondents (90.9%) had low physical activity and all respondents (100%) had poor sleep patterns. The simple linear regression test yielded a significance value of p = 0.479 (p > 0.05) and R Square = 0.016, indicating no significant effect of physical activity on sleep patterns. Based on these results, it is expected that elderly rheumatism patients can increase physical activity according to their abilities to help maintain sleep quality, and Posyandu officers can provide education and elderly exercise programs appropriate for rheumatism conditions.

The development of digital technology has transformed children’s patterns of interaction through online games, which serve both as entertainment and transactional spaces. As digital consumers, children are entitled to protection equal to adults, yet they remain vulnerable to risks such as inappropriate content, fraud, data manipulation, and exploitation. Despite the existence of legal frameworks like the Consumer Protection Law, the Child Protection Law, and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, this study reveals that these laws do not specifically address children as a vulnerable group in the digital environment. This research employs an empirical normative approach to highlight the shortcomings of current regulations. Given the rapidly growing use of digital platforms by children, stronger regulatory measures, greater parental involvement, and increased responsibility from platform providers are essential to ensure the fulfillment of children’s rights and provide adequate protection in the digital space. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive legal reform to safeguard children’s digital rights.

This contrastive linguistic study examines the phonological systems of Indonesian and English to identify areas of difficulty for Indonesian learners of English pronunciation. Through a systematic comparison of vowel and consonant inventories, phonotactic constraints, stress patterns, and prosodic features, this research identifies key points of interference that contribute to pronunciation challenges. The study employs acoustic analysis of speech samples from 120 Indonesian learners of English across different proficiency levels, combined with perceptual assessments by native English speakers. Findings reveal significant differences in vowel systems, consonant clusters, word stress placement, and intonation patterns that directly correlate with pronunciation difficulties. The research proposes a pedagogical framework that integrates principles of contrastive analysis with contemporary pronunciation teaching methodologies, including explicit phonological instruction, acoustic modelling, and technology-enhanced practice. The implications suggest that pronunciation instruction can be significantly improved through targeted interventions that address language-specific interference patterns while building on positive transfer opportunities.

This study aims to analyze junior high school students’ mathematical reasoning abilities in terms of their levels of learning independence. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving three ninth-grade students from UPT SMP Negeri 5 Gresik, each representing high, medium, and low levels of learning independence. Data were collected through a self-regulated learning questionnaire, a mathematical reasoning test based on the topic of Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables (SPLDV), and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results revealed that students with high learning independence demonstrated strong reasoning skills across all seven indicators of mathematical reasoning (representing statements, making conjectures, performing manipulations, constructing proofs, drawing conclusions, verifying arguments, and identifying patterns). Students with medium learning independence fulfilled only some indicators, while those with low learning independence could only make simple conjectures without systematic reasoning. These findings highlight that learning independence plays a crucial role in developing mathematical reasoning, as it enables students to regulate their thinking processes, evaluate solutions, and correct errors. Teachers are encouraged to integrate learning strategies that foster self-regulation—such as the CORE and Flipped Classroom models—to enhance students’ mathematical reasoning skills.

This study explores the practice of participatory communication and creative production implemented by the Anggrek Waste Bank along the Ciliwung River as an educational strategy for flood disaster mitigation. The research aims to understand how community-based waste management initiatives can serve as platforms for environmental learning and social empowerment. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, this study investigates social dynamics, interaction patterns, and meanings constructed by residents through collaborative waste management and creative production activities. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that participatory communication is manifested not only in formal education, counseling, or campaigns, but also in everyday interactions, creative workshops, and collective community work. Creative products such as recycled crafts, soap made from used cooking oil, and eco enzymes function as symbolic communication media that persuasively convey ecological messages while providing tangible economic benefits. These practices foster a sense of ecological responsibility, strengthen social solidarity, and enhance community resilience to flooding. This study concludes that participatory communication integrated with creative production serves as an effective model for promoting sustainable behavior and community-based flood mitigation in urban environments.

This research is entitled "Syair Ghayati Karya Karya Ibrahim Tuqan (Study of 'Arudh Science)" which aims to analyze the ghayati poetry by the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan using the science of 'arudh. The main focus of this research is to identify the patterns or bahr syi'riyyah used in the poetry and examine the various changes that appear in it. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method because the object of study is a literary text that is analyzed in depth, then the results are presented in the form of a narrative description. The data sources for this research were obtained through literature studies by reviewing books, journals, and other relevant documents. Based on the results of the analysis, Ibrahim Tuqan's ghayati poetry uses the raml majzu' pattern as the basic structure of the poetry. In addition, changes were also found in the form of zihaf khabn and zihaf 'illah which occurred in several parts of the verse, although there was no 'illah found in the entire poetry. Thus, this research shows how the application of the science of 'arudh can reveal the beauty and dynamics in classical Arabic literary works.

This research is entitled "Syair Ghayati Karya Karya Ibrahim Tuqan (Study of 'Arudh Science)" which aims to analyze the ghayati poetry by the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan using the science of 'arudh. The main focus of this research is to identify the patterns or bahr syi'riyyah used in the poetry and examine the various changes that appear in it. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method because the object of study is a literary text that is analyzed in depth, then the results are presented in the form of a narrative description. The data sources for this research were obtained through literature studies by reviewing books, journals, and other relevant documents. Based on the results of the analysis, Ibrahim Tuqan's ghayati poetry uses the raml majzu' pattern as the basic structure of the poetry. In addition, changes were also found in the form of zihaf khabn and zihaf 'illah which occurred in several parts of the verse, although there was no 'illah found in the entire poetry. Thus, this research shows how the application of the science of 'arudh can reveal the beauty and dynamics in classical Arabic literary works.

This study aims to analyze the influence of self-efficacy and job characteristics on the job satisfaction of freelance photographers in Surabaya. The background of this research is based on the growth of the gig economy, which has encouraged the emergence of independent work patterns where workers have the freedom to manage their own time, methods, and projects. However, this freelance work system also presents various challenges, such as project uncertainty, fluctuating workloads, and limited structured support or evaluation. In the context of freelance photography, these dynamics are particularly evident, as the work demands not only creativity but also managerial skills to organize work processes independently. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method with questionnaires distributed to 100 freelance photographers selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The results indicate that self-efficacy and job characteristics significantly contribute to shaping job satisfaction. Strong self-efficacy particularly previous work experience enhances freelancers’ confidence in facing challenges, while clear job characteristics, especially in terms of task identity, make them feel more directed, valued, and satisfied with their work. These findings emphasize the importance of both internal and external factors in determining job satisfaction and provide theoretical as well as practical contributions to the management of freelance workers in the creative sector, particularly in designing adaptive work strategies in the digital economy era.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major challenge in today's health development. One category of these diseases is hypertension, which is classified as a chronic disease with a relatively high mortality rate. Hypertension serves as a major predictor for various chronic diseases and is a common disease found in the community (Putri et al., 2025). If not managed properly, hypertension can lead to more serious complications such as stroke, coronary heart disease, diabetes, kidney failure, and blindness. Stroke (51%) and coronary heart disease (45%) are the leading causes of death related to hypertension (Pokhrel, 2024). The increasing prevalence of hypertension along with changes in lifestyle and unhealthy eating patterns adds to the global health burden. Therefore, effective management of hypertension is essential to prevent further complications. Appropriate hypertension management and regular monitoring can reduce the risk of related diseases, improve quality of life, and reduce mortality caused by complications of heart disease and stroke. Preventive and promotive efforts through health education are key to reducing the prevalence of hypertension in the community.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. One of the influencing factors for this condition is lifestyle, particularly dietary patterns and physical activity. Objective: This study aims to describe the dietary patterns and physical activities of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at Kalisat Regional Hospital (RSD), Jember. Method: The research design used is a case study involving two patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies, and analyzed using nursing care stages. Results: The study found that both patients consumed high amounts of simple carbohydrates such as sugar, sweet cakes, and noodles, exceeding the normal daily intake limits. Physical activity was minimal, limited to light household chores like cleaning and short-distance walking. Conclusion: Both patients were diagnosed with ineffective health management. Nursing interventions focused on behavioral health education to improve patients’ knowledge and motivation in managing Diabetes Mellitus independently.

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a significant transformation of performing arts in Aceh, particularly through Taman Budaya Aceh, which shifted its stage activities into digital formats. This study aims to describe the processes of digital mediation, changes in production formats, audience engagement patterns, and the archival function of cultural performances through Taman Budaya Aceh’s official YouTube channel. Using a qualitative descriptive case study design, the research analyzed 12 performance videos produced and uploaded between 2020–2022 through visual and narrative analysis. The findings reveal three key aspects: first, the shift from offline to online production created a new aesthetic based on camera work and editing; second, audiences transformed into mediatized participants through comments, likes, and replays; third, digital platforms functioned as cultural repositories, expanding access and strengthening the preservation of performances. These findings highlight that digitalization of performing arts is not merely an emergency response, but an integral part of constructing a sustainable arts ecosystem in the digital disruption era.

Herbaceous plants play an important role in reducing the negative impact of erosion on the surrounding environment. Their high adaptability and solitary distribution patterns allow herbs to grow in various habitat conditions. One location that shows a fairly high diversity of herbs is in the Jaboi Hot Spring Area, Sukajaya District, Sabang City. This study focused on grouping the types of herbaceous plants in the area and assessing their diversity. Data collection was carried out using a 100-meter line transect method, which was divided into four observation stations. Each station consisted of six 2 x 2-meter square plots used for species inventory. The observation resulted in data on 22 identified herbaceous species, representing 13 families, with a total of 385 individuals. The Convolvulaceae and Fabaceae families were the most dominant groups with four species from each family. The level of species diversity was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener index, resulting in a score of 2.82, which is classified as moderate. The findings of this study provide preliminary information on the diversity of herbaceous plants in the area, which can be used as a reference for further research and environmental management in the Jaboi Hot Spring Area, Sukajaya District, Sabang City.

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made it a part of the teens' routine, but the intensity of its use raises concerns about mental health. This study aims to analyze the pattern of AI utilization and its impact on stress, anxiety, and depression in students of St. Petrus Medan High School using the framework of Self-Determination Theory (SDT), namely competence, autonomy, and connectedness). The research was conducted with a quantitative approach through a survey of 64 students using a total sampling technique, equipped with focused group discussions (FGDs) and literature review. The results show that more than 70% of students use AI on a regular basis, mainly through chatbots (81%) and social media (73%). Some students (35.9%) also use AI as a means of venting. Although 85.9% of respondents found AI to be helpful, the majority (59.3%) reported feeling inferior as a result of comparing themselves to AI results. These findings reveal a psychological paradox, where AI is perceived as a solution as well as a source of pressure. This condition has the potential to trigger stress and anxiety, although depressive symptoms do not yet appear to be dominant. This research emphasizes the importance of healthy digital literacy as well as mentoring from schools and parents to reduce the risk of AI addiction and maintain adolescent mental well-being.

In recent years, the Indonesian government has actively promoted digital transformation in public service delivery, including in rural and remote areas. However, digital adoption among communities in these regions remains inconsistent and often hindered by infrastructural and socio-cultural constraints. This study aims to assess the digital readiness of rural communities in adopting mobile-based public service information systems, with a specific focus on understanding the social and technological dynamics that shape their engagement. Employing a mixed methods approach with an explanatory sequential design, the research began with a structured survey involving 150-200 respondents per location, followed by in-depth interviews with key informants such as village officials, service operators, and local users. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS to identify general patterns in digital readiness based on the Technology Readiness Index and the Digital Readiness Framework, while qualitative insights were thematically analyzed using NVivo to uncover contextual factors. The findings reveal that while some respondents exhibit a moderate level of digital optimism, barriers such as unstable internet access, limited digital literacy, and fear of misusing technology significantly affect adoption rates. Furthermore, social support from family members emerged as a critical facilitator in overcoming these challenges. This study contributes to the discourse on inclusive digital transformation by highlighting the importance of integrating community-based support mechanisms into system design and policy planning. The implications suggest that successful digitalization efforts in rural areas must go beyond infrastructure development and address the social readiness of users through culturally sensitive and participatory approaches.

This study examines youth slang (Jugendsprache) in the film Into the Beat (2020) through semantic and morphological approaches. The background of the research is based on the phenomenon of youth language development, which is dynamic, creative, and rich in socio-cultural meaning, yet often difficult for foreign speakers to understand. Youth language is chosen as the object of study because it reflects identity, group solidarity, and the communicative creativity of young people, and frequently appears in media, particularly films. The theoretical framework refers to experts’ perspectives on the characteristics of youth language, including the use of Anglicisms, abbreviations, metaphorization, and the formation of neologisms. The research method applied is descriptive qualitative, with data sources taken from the dialogues and subtitles of the film Into the Beat. The analysis is carried out based on Helmut Henne’s theory of youth language characteristics. The results reveal that youth slang in the film functions not only as a means of communication but also as a medium of emotional expression, lifestyle, and identity construction among German adolescents. Vocabulary such as alter, bro, krass, cool, and scheiße demonstrates creativity in morphological processes, including abbreviation, prefixation, and borrowing from foreign languages. The study concludes that youth slang plays an essential role in shaping characters, inter-character relationships, and the authenticity of the storyline. Furthermore, youth language reflects the evolving cultural and social dynamics of adolescents. This research is expected to contribute to linguistic studies, particularly semantics, and to serve as a valuable resource in German language learning by expanding vocabulary and fostering an understanding of authentic communication patterns among German teenagers.

The increasing number of employees and vehicles at the Head Office of PT Bukit Asam Tbk Tanjung Enim has created a growing demand for adequate parking facilities. Limited parking space tends to encourage the use of on-street parking, which may lead to traffic congestion and reduce the comfort of the office environment. This study aims to analyze parking capacity and provide optimal management recommendations. The research was conducted through a preliminary survey, literature review, collection of primary and secondary data, and descriptive analysis to determine the parking space requirements for each type of vehicle. The results show that the maximum parking duration for cars and motorcycles is 440 minutes, with peak volumes of 142 vehicles/hour for cars and 124 vehicles/hour for motorcycles at 06.00–06.59. The parking index reached 96.52% for cars and 73.33% for motorcycles. The available static capacity is 115 SRP for cars and 210 SRP for motorcycles, while the ideal parking space requirement is 122 SRP for cars and 151 SRP for motorcycles. In conclusion, the current parking capacity is sufficient for motorcycles but insufficient for cars. Therefore, optimization of parking patterns, such as adjusting the parking angle to 90°, is necessary to increase capacity and improve convenience for all employees.

The early childhood period, commonly referred to as the Golden Age, is considered the most critical stage of development, during which rapid advancement in various domains, including language ability, is observed. This study examined how parental communication patterns influence the language development of children in Gla Meunasah Baro Village. Krueng Barona Jaya Subdistrict, Aceh Besar District. An analytic quantitative method was applied, using a cross-sectional design. The study involved a total of 115 parents, and the researcher selected 89 respondents as the sample using purposive sampling. The researcher collected data through questionnaires measured on an ordinal scale and then analyzed the information using univariate and bivariate techniques, including the Chi-Square test. The analysis showed that most respondents, consisting of 85 parents (95.5%), applied good communication patterns, while 3 respondents (3.4%) were classified as moderate, and 1 respondent (1.15%) as poor. In addition, 84 children (94.4%) were identified as not being at risk of language delay, while 5 children (5.6%) were considered potentially at risk. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between parental communication patterns and early childhood language development, as indicated by a ρ value of 0.015 (< α = 0.05). It is suggested that communication with children be carried out in an open, attentive, and reciprocal manner so that their language development can be maximally supported and the risk of delays minimized.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that can be life-threatening, especially in the elderly. According to the WHO, more than 15 million people aged 30–69 years die each year from non-communicable diseases. This study aims to analyze factors influencing the incidence of hypertension in the elderly, including smoking, stress levels, culture, diet, exercise, and coffee drinking habits. This research method used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The population was 738 elderly people, with a sample size of 259 elderly people, and random sampling was used. Data analysis was performed using univariate, bivariate using the Chi-Square test, and multivariate using the Pearson correlation test. The results of this study such as Smoking with hypertension: There is a significant influence (p = 0.002), stress level There is a significant influence (p = 0.002), Culture There is a significant influence (p = 0.010), Eating patterns with hypertension are significant (p = 0.049), Exercise There is a significant influence (p = 0.003), drinking coffee with a significant influence (p = 0.048). Multivariate analysis shows that culture (p = 0.003; r = 0.177) and coffee drinking habits (p = 0.022; r = 0.139) are the most influential factors on elderly hypertension, while other factors are not significant. This study shows that smoking, stress levels, culture, diet, exercise, and coffee consumption are significantly associated with hypertension in the elderly. However, a multivariate analysis revealed that cultural factors and coffee drinking habits were the most dominant factors influencing hypertension, while other factors had no significant effect after being controlled for. Therefore, efforts to prevent and control hypertension in the elderly need to focus on changing cultural practices that are less conducive to health and regulating coffee consumption, while still considering the implementation of a healthy lifestyle overall.

The community service program activities that have been carried out are related to ecoprint techniques, which involve printing using natural materials such as leaves, flowers, and plant stems to produce patterns or motifs on fabric media. This training activity aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of the young girls in Bintungan Nagari, so they can be creative and innovative through ecoprint techniques. It provides knowledge and broadens their understanding of how to utilize the natural potential available in the environment around Bintungan Nagari. This training also aims to create environmentally friendly products to foster a healthy and clean environment. The hope for this activity is to have a positive impact on improving the knowledge and skills of young girls as the generation that brings about change. The training uses an approach of counseling, demonstration, training, and mentoring, along with evaluation. The results of the training program indicate a high level of enthusiasm from the participants, with knowledge and skills acquired, they have been able to produce sheets of fabric with unique motifs from the ecoprint technique. This has opened up space for participants to generate new ideas and create interesting motif patterns from natural materials. The products produced not only serve as a medium of expression but also have the potential to be developed as environmentally friendly, local creative products.