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Pada masa kepengurusan sebelumnya, BUMDes Teluk Bakau belum berjalan secara maksimal, sehingga belum dapat memberikan sumbangan terhadap PADes. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bentuk inovasi yang diterapkan oleh BUMDes Teluk Bakau dalam upaya meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat desa pada tahun 2023. Penelitian ini mengacu pada teori inovasi yang dikemukakan oleh Geoff Mulgan dan David Albury (2003), serta menggunakan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini mencakup unsur Pemerintah Desa, Direktur BUMDes “Bina Sejahtera”, BPD, Tokoh Masyarakat, serta pihak ketiga (kemitraan) yang diperlukan untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait BUMDes dalam meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat desa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Inovasi produk, yang dijalankan oleh BUMDes berhasil menciptakan dan mengembangkan produk baru yang memanfaatkan potensi lokal, menciptakan peluang kerja dan membantu meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat desa. (2) Inovasi proses, Pemerintah Desa memberikan dukungan berupa pelatihan kepada pengurus BUMDes untuk memperkuat kemampuan dalam mengelola unit usaha, menerapkan surat perjanjian yang sebelumnya tidak ada. (3) Inovasi metode pelayanan, pada inovasi ini BUMDes hanya melakukan optimalisasi terkait komunikasi antara BUMDes dengan masyarakat. (4) Inovasi strategi kebijakan, sejauh ini BUMDes tidak ada inovasi baru terkait strategi kebijakan, hanya menekankan keterbukaan dan keterlibatan masyarakat melalui pelaksanaan rapat monitorng dan evaluasi setiap tiga bulan sekali, pendekatan ini berperan penting dalam membangun kepercayaan masyarakat. (5) Inovasi sistem, BUMDes mampu membangun kemitraan dengan berbagai pihak eksternal. Inovasi ini merupakan inovasi baru. Kemitraan ini mencerminkan kapasitas BUMDes dalam memperluas jaringan kerja, meningkatkan pendapatan unit usaha, serta membuka peluang ekonomi terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat.

The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme with guarantees from PT PII aims to accelerate infrastructure development through private participation, but faces legal and practical challenges, particularly related to the risk of default by the Government and Construction Service Provider (GCA) and the effectiveness of the implementation of recourse rights by PT PII towards government institutions. This study uses a normative juridical method with an analytical descriptive approach through a literature study of primary and secondary legal materials, as well as a qualitative analysis of legal documents, to understand in depth the application of recourse rights to GCA in the PPP mechanism. The application of recourse rights by PT PII as a PPP project guarantor is based on a special legal framework and complex contractual agreements to protect investors from the risk of default by the GCA. However, its implementation has the potential to face legal, political, bureaucratic, and fiscal challenges that can affect the effectiveness of protection and the fiscal sustainability of PT PII. PT PII's recourse rights in the PPP scheme are an adaptation of the borgtocht concept applied lex specialis through the PPP agreement, guarantees, and recourse to protect state finances. However, its implementation faces bureaucratic, budgetary, and fiscal constraints that can hamper its effectiveness. Therefore, binding guidelines and increased institutional capacity are needed to ensure that regress rights can be exercised effectively, accountably, and in accordance with the principles of transparency and accountability. This study concludes that to increase the effectiveness of the PPP scheme, improvements in the legal framework, inter-agency coordination, and strengthening the capacity of institutions involved in implementing regress rights are needed.

This Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) assistance program aims to improve business capacity, strengthen branding, expand marketing reach, and provide formal legal status to MSMEs. Activities carried out include digital marketing training, assistance in creating e-commerce accounts, designing and delivering MSME logos, providing grants for sealing equipment, and assisting in obtaining a Business Identification Number (NIB) through the OSS system. The implementation methods include initial observation, activity planning, interactive training, direct mentoring, and post-activity monitoring and evaluation. These methods are designed to ensure that MSMEs are not only equipped with technical knowledge but also empowered with the practical tools necessary for success in a competitive market. The results of the activities show an improvement in the digital marketing skills of MSMEs, allowing them to reach a wider audience through social media platforms and online advertising. The creation of logos as brand identities has significantly boosted the recognition of these businesses, helping them establish a stronger presence in their respective markets. Additionally, the enhanced product packaging quality with the provision of sealing tools has led to better product presentation, which is essential in attracting customers and increasing sales. Furthermore, the acquisition of NIBs as business legal status has provided MSMEs with greater legitimacy, enabling them to access more formal business opportunities and funding options. This program has had a positive impact on the professionalism and competitiveness of MSMEs, which has been reflected in their increased ability to market their products effectively and efficiently. However, further assistance is needed in optimizing digital promotion, such as improving online advertising strategies, and fully utilizing NIBs for better business expansion. Moreover, it is crucial to offer ongoing support and guidance to ensure that MSMEs can continue to thrive and adapt to the rapidly changing digital landscape

This study aims to identify and analyze the business development strategy of Coffee Shop For Good Luck by focusing on four key aspects: production, human resources, marketing, and finance. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using SWOT analysis. Data were collected from 35 respondents. The results reveal that Coffee Shop For Good Luck possesses 6 strengths, 7 weaknesses, 5 opportunities, and 6 threats. The most significant internal strength lies in the attractive concept and well-organized layout (weight score: 0.285), while the main weakness is its less strategic location (0.051). Externally, the most impactful opportunity is the potential for collaboration with influencers (0.352), and the primary threat is the emergence of new coffee shops in the surrounding area (0.052). Based on the SWOT diagram, the business is positioned in Quadrant I (score: 2.18; 2.25), indicating a favorable situation with strong internal capabilities and external opportunities. Therefore, the recommended strategy is an aggressive growth strategy to fully leverage the business's strengths and opportunities.

This study aims to identify internal and external factors influencing the development of the Arunika Wedding Organizer business in Padang City and formulate appropriate strategies through a SWOT analysis approach. The research method was conducted qualitatively, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with five informants, consisting of business owners, employees, and vendors who collaborate with Arunika. The data obtained was then analyzed to map the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced by the company. The results show that the main strengths of Arunika Wedding Organizer lie in responsive service to client needs, solid team coordination, and good working relationships with supporting vendors. These factors are important capital in maintaining consumer trust. However, the study also found weaknesses such as a limited number of part-time teams that can hinder operational flexibility, and suboptimal digital promotions that limit market reach. From the external side, opportunities that can be utilized include the increasing trend of more personal and simple intimate weddings, and the high demand for one-stop services, where all wedding needs can be accommodated by a single service provider. Meanwhile, the threats faced stem from intense price competition with similar service providers and relatively rapid changes in wedding trends, requiring the company to be constantly adaptive. Based on the SWOT matrix analysis, Arunika Wedding Organizer falls into quadrant IV (hold and maintain). Therefore, the recommended strategy is to maintain existing strengths while addressing existing weaknesses, particularly in human resources and digital promotion.

Koenyaheun is a small business in Bandung that sells food that has been established since 2010. Initial observation results indicate a need for online marketing assistance for this business. During the community service activities, several things were found including more online customers than customers who ordered directly from this business, word of mouth marketing and also the use of social media. Observations and interviews with business owners and employees were conducted to obtain information in this community service activity. Several problems were also found such as logos, product photos, packaging, marketing. Solutions to the problems have been conveyed to the business owner so that it is hoped that this business will gain greater profits and better future prospects. It is recommended to market products on various social media platforms such as Tokopedia, TikTok, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, WhatsApp or cooperation with food delivery service applications such as GrabFood, GoFood, ShopeeFood, so that they can reach a wider range of consumers.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of raw material inventory control at the Kediri Wet Noodle business by comparing the traditional method with the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method. A descriptive quantitative approach was applied, utilizing EOQ, Safety Stock (SS), Re-order Point (ROP), and total inventory cost analysis. The results indicate that the traditional method leads to 24 purchase cycles per year with an inventory cost of IDR 4,320,000, without considering safety stock or re-order points. In contrast, the EOQ method shows an optimal purchase quantity of 1,421 sacks (35,525 Kg) with five purchase cycles per year, an inventory cost of IDR 574,455, a Safety Stock of 67 sacks (1,675 Kg), and a Re-order Point of 107 sacks (2,675 Kg). Therefore, the EOQ method reduces inventory costs by up to 86% compared to the traditional method. Nevertheless, its limitation lies in the exclusion of raw material shelf life and storage condition factors.

The implementation of a recommendation feature in the courier service selection system on e-commerce platforms is a technological innovation aimed at improving logistics efficiency while providing a more optimal user experience. Through this feature, consumers can find alternative delivery services based on certain indicators, such as cost, estimated time, and service quality. However, in practice, the implementation of recommendation features has the potential to raise legal issues when platforms prioritize internal couriers or certain partners without transparency and clear objective indicators. This situation can lead to discriminatory treatment, limit market access for other businesses, and reduce consumer freedom in choosing services. This study aims to analyze the implementation of recommendation features by e-commerce platforms from a competition law perspective, specifically based on Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. The method used is normative juridical research with a descriptive-analytical approach, through the review of secondary data in the form of laws and regulations, literature, and the practice of implementing recommendation systems in the digital industry. The research results indicate that recommendation features that unilaterally prioritize internal couriers without objective basis and without information transparency have the potential to violate Article 19 letter d of Law Number 5 of 1999. This practice can hinder competition, close opportunities for other courier service providers, and create distortions in the digital logistics ecosystem. Therefore, this study recommends that recommendation features in e-commerce be designed in a neutral, transparent manner, and based on objective indicators, such as rates, estimated delivery times, and service performance. This will maintain healthy business competition and protect consumers' rights to obtain the best service options.

This study aims to analyze and describe the regulation of furniture business permits in Alak District, Manutapen Village, Kupang City, within the framework of regional and national legal provisions. Business permits are a vital aspect of legality, providing legal certainty and protection for entrepreneurs. Despite this importance, many wooden furniture businesses continue to operate without official permits. Several factors contribute to this issue, including limited knowledge of regulatory requirements, inadequate access to facilities and administrative services, and the perception among entrepreneurs that small-scale businesses do not necessarily require permits. This research adopts an empirical approach, employing semi-structured interviews with local furniture business owners who have not yet obtained permits. The findings reveal that although the government has made efforts to disseminate information and promote the importance of business permits, these initiatives have not been fully effective. Many entrepreneurs remain unaware of the legal obligations and the potential benefits that permits can provide, such as protection against legal disputes and opportunities for broader business development. The study further identifies both positive and negative impacts of the furniture industry in the local community. On the positive side, furniture businesses significantly contribute to household income, create new job opportunities, and foster creativity through innovative craftsmanship. On the negative side, they also cause environmental issues such as waste and pollution, reduce agricultural land due to the expansion of workshops, and influence lifestyle changes within the community. Based on these findings, the study concludes that the government must strengthen its role by enhancing outreach and education programs, simplifying the permit application process, and providing better support services to entrepreneurs. Additionally, active participation from business owners is crucial to ensure compliance with legal frameworks and to achieve a sustainable balance between economic growth, social welfare, and environmental preservation.

This study aims to analyze the business development strategy of Depot Kusen Rahmat by reviewing four main aspects, namely production, human resources (HR), finance, and marketing. The analytical approach used in this study is SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix). Primary data was obtained through a survey of 16 respondents who are active consumers of Depot Kusen Rahmat. The results of the SWOT analysis identified that the company has four strengths, four weaknesses, four opportunities, and four threats. The most dominant internal strength is efficient and neat products, with the highest weighted score of 0.509, which indicates that the quality of production results is the main competitive advantage. On the other hand, the main weakness found is the absence of a product catalog, with a score of 0.158, which indicates a lack of visual information media as a means of product promotion and communication to consumers. From external factors, the biggest opportunity is the increasing consumer interest in custom products, with a score of 0.479, which indicates a positive trend towards product personalization. The most significant threat is the rapidly changing design trends, with a score of 0.186, which requires the company to be more adaptive to changing market tastes. Based on the results of the SWOT matrix analysis, the company's position is in Quadrant I with an IFAS value of 1.368 and EFAS of 1.206, which indicates that the company is in a position to support an aggressive growth strategy. The QSPM results recommend prioritizing strategies in the form of emphasizing quality and balanced prices, followed by improving customer service and developing high-quality custom products as strategic steps to win market competition and increase business competitiveness sustainably.

Civil servants play a crucial role in governance and development to achieve the national goals as stipulated in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Civil servants (PNS) are the primary foundation for the implementation of the Indonesian government system, as they implement public policy and provide public services. Their integrity, competence, and legal status significantly determine the quality of government bureaucracy. This study aims to determine the role of the Regional Civil Service Agency (BKD) in handling cases involving civil servants using fake diplomas during recruitment or promotion. The approach used is normative juridical, reviewing existing regulations, such as Law Number 5 of 2014 concerning the State Civil Apparatus, Government Regulations, and other technical regulations. Data were also obtained through interviews with BKD officials and analysis of relevant case documentation. The results of the study indicate that in practice, there is still a discrepancy between established legal procedures and their implementation in the field. Several cases indicate that administrative sanctions or termination of civil servants found to have used fake diplomas have not been fully based on proper verification and sanction mechanisms. This raises doubts about the validity of decisions and has the potential to undermine public trust in government institutions. This study emphasizes the importance of enforcing administrative discipline and improving internal oversight systems, as well as the need for stricter and more coordinated regulations between central and regional agencies to ensure that every administrative action has a valid legal basis. Implementing the principles of accountability and transparency in personnel management must be a priority to create a clean and professional bureaucracy.

Making batik designs requires the ability to visualize ideas for motifs or decorations. This process relies on the ability to move the visual processing process which was originally still an idea into something real, which can be seen in the form of an image. The ability to visualize is important because from this process motifs, patterns and decorations can be created. This work is quite complicated, requires precision, patience and takes time. When there are many orders, the work of drawing motifs must be faster. One solution to speed up making drawings is to use computer graphics to help create innovative written batik designs in a shorter time than if done manually. Through community service activities, the application of computer graphics technology for batik design innovation at the Pandansari Plupuh Sragen Batik Business uses training methods delivered offline and online. This is because both trainers and participants take time out of their busy work schedules. The participants are employees in the design department who are able to use computers. Through one face-to-face meeting for explanation and four online meetings for practice which aims to improve participants' skills in making various kinds of motifs. The result is a new design that can be completed relatively quickly compared to if it was done manually.

People's Business Credit (KUR) is a financing program distributed by the government through banking institutions, including Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), to support Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and cooperatives. In its implementation, KUR credit is not free from various problems, one of which is non-performing loans. This study aims to determine the factors causing non-performing loans and efforts to resolve them in KUR loans at Bank BRI Karanganyar Branch, Tasikmadu Unit. The method used in this study is qualitative research, with data sources derived from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques were conducted through direct interviews with relevant parties. The results show that the main causes of non-performing loans are divided into two major factors. First, external factors, namely those originating from the customer. This problem is generally related to the customer's inability to pay installments due to business failure. Second, internal factors, such as the failure of creditworthiness analysis by bank officers, resulting in prospective debtors who are actually unworthy actually receiving loans. In resolving non-performing loans, BRI Bank's Karanganyar Branch, Tasikmadu Unit, applies five main methods: (1) changing the loan interest rate, (2) reducing fines or penalties, (3) reducing the outstanding principal, (4) extending the loan term, and (5) selling collateral. Additionally, there are also settlement methods that involve a combination of these five methods, depending on the debtor's circumstances and the agreement between the two parties.

MSMEs play a strategic role in supporting the growth and stability of the national economy (Endra et al., 2024), especially in the culinary sector which continues to grow. However, a fundamental problem commonly experienced by MSMEs is the ability to create visually attractive and professional promotional elements. One example is BentoDay, a food business in West Jakarta, which still relies on simple visual promotions through social media without optimal content packaging. This activity aims to develop the digital promotional capacity of participants through program mentoring and training that focuses on creating logos and product catalogs using the Canva application, a digital tool used for easy-to-use visual design purposes that allows even beginners to create posters, banners and social media content (Akbar et al., n.d.). Initial observations, direct training, intensive mentoring, and evaluation of participants' design results are part of the mentoring activity approach. The results of the activity implementation illustrate that participants have the ability to independently produce promotional materials, such as business logos and product catalogs with more attractive and consistent designs. This training not only improves participants' design skills but also has a positive impact on the digital marketing strategy of culinary businesses. MSMEs can improve their competitiveness and increase sales by implementing better design. This approach demonstrates the importance of acquiring digital skills for MSMEs to strengthen their brand identity and expand their consumer reach (Andari, N., Sari, D.P., & Hidayat, 2025). Therefore, using Canva has proven useful for enhancing the competitiveness of MSME digital promotions.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in supporting the growth and stability of the national economy (Endra et al., 2024), particularly in the ever-expanding culinary sector. However, MSMEs often face challenges in creating visually appealing and professional promotional elements. One example is BentoDay, a food business in West Jakarta that still relies on simple promotions through social media without optimal content packaging. This activity aims to improve the digital promotional capacity of MSMEs through a training and mentoring program focused on creating logos and product catalogs using Canva. Canva is a digital-based visual design tool that is easy to use, even for beginners, to create content such as posters, banners, and social media promotional materials (Akbar et al., n.d.). This training was conducted through a series of activities, starting with initial observation, direct training, intensive mentoring, and evaluation of participants' designs. The results showed that participants were able to independently produce promotional materials, such as logos and product catalogs, with more attractive and consistent designs. In addition to improving design skills, this training also had a positive impact on MSMEs' digital marketing strategies. Good visual design has been shown to increase consumer appeal and product sales. Thus, mastering digital skills is crucial for strengthening brand identity and expanding market reach (Andari, Sari, & Hidayat, 2025). The use of Canva has proven effective in supporting the digital promotional transformation of MSMEs to become more competitive in the digital era.

The social transformation that has occurred in the digital era has encouraged Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to adapt to developments in information technology to increase competitiveness and expand market reach. One form of this adaptation is the use of e-commerce platforms as a means of marketing and managing their businesses online. This community service activity aims to empower the Kartika Taro Chips MSME through the introduction and implementation of an e-commerce platform based on Odoo.com, an integrated Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. This activity was carried out by students of the Information Systems Study Program, Faculty of Computer Science, Victory University Sorong, with the assistance of lecturers from the Information Systems and Sociology fields. The training method includes several stages, namely: the stage of material preparation and analysis of participant needs, the implementation of a workshop that includes the installation and configuration of Odoo.com, and the post-training mentoring stage to ensure the sustainability and independence of participants in managing their online stores. The results of the training showed that participants were not only able to build and manage online stores independently, but also understood the basic concepts of ERP systems and experienced a significant increase in digital literacy. From a sociological perspective, this activity reflects a technology-driven social transformation process, where MSMEs are actively expanding their social networks through digital spaces and increasing their involvement in the digital economy. This demonstrates that integrating technological and social approaches can be a relevant MSME empowerment model in local contexts. Overall, this training has had a positive impact on strengthening MSMEs' digital capacity and opening up new opportunities for sustainable business development in the era of digital transformation.

Small-scale economic activities, such as micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), play a vital role in a region's economy. MSMEs need to be protected and empowered to prevent unfair competition between businesses, especially those involving large-scale businesses. One example of an MSME with great potential is the amplang (rice crackers) manufacturing business, a typical souvenir from Balikpapan. Amplang has a distinctive taste and is attractive to tourists visiting the city, and has the potential to be further developed in the future. However, during the community service process, several problems were discovered among these MSMEs. One of the main problems is the lack of online product marketing expansion. These MSMEs still rely on traditional marketing methods, which are limited to direct sales or through local markets. However, with technological developments and high internet usage, the use of social media for product promotion can have a significant impact on increasing sales and market reach. To address this issue, market share expansion was carried out by utilizing social media, which has not previously been used by these MSMEs. Social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and WhatsApp can be highly effective platforms for introducing amplang products to a wider market, both locally, regionally, and nationally. Furthermore, this community service program also provides business development assistance by providing training to MSMEs in social media management, engaging content creation, and appropriate digital marketing strategies. With this introduction to online marketing and mentoring, it is hoped that amplang MSMEs in Balikpapan can better develop their businesses, expand their market reach, and increase their competitiveness in an increasingly competitive market.

Work and energy are important topics in physics learning. Learning on this topic can be done using various methods and media, which provide different results depending on the approach used. This study aims to identify various learning models and media and their influence on learning about work and energy through a meta-analysis of 17 relevant research journals. The results of the study indicate that there are various learning methods that can be applied, including the 7E Learning Cycle, STEM, Problem Solving, Think-Pair-Share, Inquiry, and others. Of these various methods, the inquiry approach is the most widely used because it is relevant to the student-based curriculum that positions teachers as facilitators in developing students' thinking skills and intellectual discipline.

This study aims to comprehensively examine the role of BAZNAS (National Amil Zakat Agency) of West Bandung Regency in the distribution of productive zakat as a means to foster community-based business development during the first semester of 2025. Productive zakat, unlike consumptive assistance, is positioned as a strategic instrument to improve the economic independence of mustahik (zakat recipients), particularly micro-entrepreneurs such as small shop owners, farmer groups, tailors, and individuals engaged in similar economic activities. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach to capture an in-depth understanding of program implementation. Data collection methods include in-depth interviews with BAZNAS officials, serving as key informants, and the examination of relevant documents, reports, and activity records. The findings indicate that the application process for assistance is conducted through formal, verified requests, ensuring transparency and accountability, rather than accepting open-form submissions. The form and amount of assistance are adjusted to the specific type and needs of each business, and recipients are prioritized based on the eight asnaf categories, with a focus on those who already have ongoing business activities. In addition to capital provision, the program aims to empower mustahik to transition into muzakki (zakat givers) over time, thereby creating a sustainable cycle of economic empowerment. Monitoring activities are conducted three times a year to assess progress and identify challenges. However, the study also highlights constraints, including limited mentoring sessions and the need for more consistent supervision to ensure that the assistance translates into long-term economic impact. To maximize effectiveness, stronger collaboration among BAZNAS, local communities, and regional government is recommended, alongside capacity-building initiatives for beneficiaries. This collaborative approach is expected to reinforce the sustainability and impact of productive zakat programs, contributing to broader poverty reduction and community empowerment goals.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in supporting national economic growth, particularly through their contributions to job creation and the development of local potential. MSMEs serve as the backbone of inclusive economic development by reaching various segments of society. However, despite their strategic importance, MSMEs often face internal challenges, including the risk of fraud committed by employees. This study aims to examine the forms of fraud risk occurring within the MSME HJ.GUS BUSANA and analyze their impact on business operations. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, with data collected through direct interviews with the business owner. This method allowed for a contextual and in-depth understanding of the types of fraud experienced. The findings reveal two primary forms of employee fraud that pose a threat to operational efficiency and business sustainability. First, the excessive use of raw materials without the owner’s knowledge or approval, categorized as a high-risk behavior. Second, the use of business facilities such as equipment and working hours for personal purposes, categorized as a moderate-risk behavior. These practices lead to resource wastage, increased operational costs, and decreased productivity. The impact of such fraud is not only financial but can also erode trust within the workplace environment. Therefore, a more effective internal control system is essential, including proper monitoring of material usage and access to business resources. Additionally, instilling strong work ethics and a sense of responsibility among employees is crucial in building a positive organizational culture. Implementing these measures is key to ensuring that MSMEs can not only survive but also grow sustainably amidst the ever-changing business landscape. Strengthening internal supervision and ethical awareness can significantly reduce the risk of fraud, thereby enhancing the long-term resilience and performance of the enterprise.