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Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM)) are the backbone of Indonesia’s economy but still struggle with inconsistent product quality, weak managerial systems and limited competitiveness. This community‑engagement project aimed to strengthen MSME capabilities through ISO 9001:2015‑based quality management mentoring. An interactive webinar titled “Realising Excellent MSMEs through ISO 9001‑Based Assistance” was delivered by a multidisciplinary team of lecturers acting as trainers and facilitators. Training sessions combined conceptual lectures, implementation case studies and discussions on drafting SOPs, conducting internal audits and applying risk‑based thinking. Participants received a comprehensive package covering the rationale for quality management, the structure of clauses 4–10, and the step‑by‑step route to external certification. Post‑training feedback indicated improved understanding of how ISO 9001 can systematise processes, enhance efficiency and build market trust. The project demonstrates that knowledge‑driven academic–industry collaboration can accelerate MSMEs’ move “up the ladder” and make them more competitive. Follow‑up on‑site mentoring is recommended to ensure sustained adoption of ISO 9001 within participating enterprises.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the Problem-Based Learning paradigm is used in social studies classes at SMPN 37 Samarinda and to determine the elements that facilitate and hinder its adoption. This study focuses on the use of problem-based learning to help students improve their communication, teamwork, and critical thinking skills. It is hoped that by understanding how Problem-Based Learning is applied in social studies education, this study will help teachers optimize more creative and successful teaching strategies and assist in the creation of learning tactics that are more in line with the needs of contemporary students. The application of the Problem-Based Learning paradigm in social studies classes at SMPN 37 Samarinda was examined in this study using qualitative methodology. Data collection techniques included recording, interviews, and observations. The findings of the study indicate that the use of the problem-based learning paradigm in SMP Negeri 37 Samarinda in teaching social studies effectively develops students' capacity for critical, imaginative, and cooperative thinking. Problem-based learning has succeeded in encouraging active student involvement through problem-based learning stages, supported by a curriculum that is adaptive to student needs, adequate resources, trained teachers, and a conducive learning environment, although it still faces obstacles such as limited time, resources, and student motivation.

This study aims to determine the relationship between visits to historical sites and nationalism attitudes of History Education students at Mulawarman University. The research background emphasizes the importance of learning history that is not only theoretical, but also based on direct experience. The method used is a quantitative approach with a correlational design, using a questionnaire as an instrument analyzed through the Spearman correlation test. The results showed that the majority of students had a level of field trips that ranged from moderate to high, with a significant positive relationship to their nationalism attitude. The obtained correlation coefficient value of 0.620 with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) indicates that the higher the frequency of field trips, the higher the students' nationalism attitude. As much as 47.4% of the results of variation in nationalism attitude can be explained by the frequency of field trips, while the rest is influenced by other factors. Thus, visits to historical sites play an important role in shaping students' nationalism attitudes.

Calculating the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), also known as Job Order Costing (JOC), is a method of accumulating production costs for companies that manufacture goods based on specific orders. In this method, costs such as raw material costs, labor costs, and overhead costs are calculated separately for each order. By calculating COGS, companies can achieve efficiency in their expenditures and maximize production results to gain customer satisfaction. Therefore, this research aims to calculate the COGS for D’goalsport products so that the goods produced are efficient and generate profit for the business. The method used for calculating the Job Order Costing (COGS) in this paper is the Job Ordering Costing method. Based on the calculations performed, the Job Order Cost for each pair of pants produced is IDR 93.475. Thus, it can be concluded that the COGS for D’goalsport products still provides room for a Break-Even Point (BEP) cost of 50-100% according to market price.    

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of smartphone use on politeness norms among adolescents in Teluk Lerong Ulu Village and the polite behavior of adolescents who use smartphones in Teluk Lerong Ulu Village. The study was conducted in Teluk Lerong Ulu Village, precisely on Banggeris Street, with the subjects of the study being several adolescents and also the community through the stages of observation, interviews, and documentation using qualitative descriptive research.  The results of the study indicate that the use of smartphones has a positive impact as an effective means of obtaining information about politeness, facilitating communication, and increasing ethical awareness on social media. However, excessive use of smartphones also has a negative impact on adolescents, such as decreasing the ability of adolescents to interact directly, ignoring the presence of people around them, and increasing the use of coarse and impolite language in digital communication. The polite behavior of adolescents who use smartphones in Teluk Lerong Ulu Village includes politeness in attitude, behavior and speech.These three aspects complement each other so as to create harmonious sosial interactions, build adolescent personalities so that they are able to position themselves appropriately in everyday life.

As foreign films and television shows increasingly showcase superior production values, audiences in Sichuan have developed higher expectations regarding the quality of content they consume. This shift is primarily driven by exposure to advanced filming techniques, sophisticated storytelling, and high production standards seen in successful foreign media. This study examines how viewers become accustomed to these elevated standards, often favoring local productions that reflect the quality and innovation found in international offerings. This trend  compels  local  media  producers  to  enhance their  production  capabilities,  adopting advanced technologies and techniques to meet the evolving demands of their audience. As a result, the integration of foreign production technologies not only improves the quality of local content but also influences viewer behavior, leading to a preference for productions that exhibit high artistic and technical standards. The relationship between foreign advanced production technologies and viewer preferences in Sichuan underscores a significant shift in the local media landscape. As audiences increasingly demand higher-quality content, local media must adapt by embracing technological advancements to enhance their productions and align with viewer expectations.

Reducing product quality is one of the main challenges in the Tofu processing industry, especially in the Sumedang Bumi Armasta Tofu business which is small to medium-scale. The processing, which still maintains the traditional method without the help of technology, has been carried out for many years, but the processing that is still traditional has turned out to cause a dependence on expert employees which if not present will have a direct impact on the quality and quality of the Tofu products produced and the skills of new employees are not optimal in replacing the role of expert employees if they are unable to attend. This study aims to analyze employee development strategies in improving the quality of tofu products using the Fishbone (cause-and-effect) approach. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The results of the analysis show that Human factors (HR) are the main cause of the decline in the quality and quality of Tofu products in Sumedang Tofu SMEs which can be seen from changes in texture, aroma, appearance, and size that are not suitable. Therefore, employee development strategies need to be carried out such as job training, assistance for new employees, and standardization of SOPs that are considered effective in improving the quality of Tofu products to remain consistent.

This study evaluates the implementation of Behavior Based Safety (BBS) in improving occupational safety compliance at PT Wichindo Pratama, a heavy equipment manufacturing company with high work risks. The topic was chosen due to frequent violations of safety procedures, such as the improper use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and neglect of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), which increase the risk of accidents. A qualitative method was used through direct observation, in-depth interviews with 12 shift workers, and field assessments of safety facilities. The findings show that although the company has an Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) management system, non-compliance still occurs. Issues include incomplete PPE usage, disorganized work tools, and unsafe rest habits. Observations revealed potential hazards such as physical (noise), chemical (oil exposure), ergonomic (awkward postures), mechanical (machine use without full PPE), biological, and psychological risks (stress from shift work). BBS is seen as a strategy to connect existing OHS policies with safe work behavior by focusing on mindset and daily habits. The implementation of BBS is expected to reduce accidents and support the creation of a safer, more sustainable workplace.

WHO in 2015 also recorded that the number of cases of emesis gravidarum reached 12.5% ​​of all pregnancies in the world, while the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum was between 0.3-3.2% of all pregnancies in the world. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of lemon aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting in pregnant women at the Public Health Center of Mersip in 2024. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental approach with one group pre-post test. The location of this research was carried out at the Public Health Center of Mersip and when this research was carried out in January 2024. The population in this study was all 184 pregnant women who were or visited the Public Health Center of Mersip from November 2023 to January 2024. pregnant women, and a sample of 34 people using purposive sampling technique. The data analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis using the Paired T-Test.The majority of 21 respondents (61.8%) before being given lemon aromatherapy, the majority of 20 respondents (58.8%) experienced moderate nausea and vomiting after being given lemon aromatherapy, and there was a significant difference between nausea and vomiting before and after using lemon aromatherapy as shown by a p value of 0.000. The conclution of these reaseach is an effect of lemon aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting at the Public Health Center of Mersip. It is hoped that lemon aromatherapy can be considered as a permanent SOP for the care of pregnant women with nausea and vomiting and lemon can be recommended as an intervention in midwifery care for pregnant women with nausea and vomiting.

In the perspective of victimology, children who are victims of domestic violence are viewed as a vulnerable group that needs protection and justice. This study aims to analyze the patterns of victimization, factors, and legal protection for child victims of Domestic Violence in Ciruas Pasar Village. The research method used in this study is empirical juridical. The data sources consist of primary and secondary data collected using interview techniques and field studies, and analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. The results of this study indicate that children as victims of Domestic Violence experience complex victimization, including physical and verbal violence perpetrated by the father figure with a background of economic problems and emotional instability. The lack of public awareness, the victims' courage to report, and limited access to rehabilitation services are factors contributing to the inadequate implementation of legal protection for child victims of Domestic Violence in Ciruas Pasar Village. Therefore, synergy between the government, law enforcement agencies, social institutions, and the community is needed to create a more effective, inclusive, and sustainable child protection system.

This study aims to describe the problems faced by teachers in the polite character habituation program at State Elementary School 5 Medan City. The method used is qualitative, with data collection through direct observation, interviews, and documentation. This research was conducted at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 5 Kota Medan, with the research subjects consisting of teachers and students. The results showed that Sekolah Dasar Negeri 5 Kota Medan has several problems faced by teachers in this program, which can be classified into three categories: (1) students' behavior that is not polite to elders, (2) student delinquency that disrupts the learning process, and (3) teacher impatience in dealing with difficult student behavior.

Work accidents when entering enclosed spaces (water ballast tank) pose a high risk that can endanger the safety of ship crew. This study aims to identify: 1) the factors causing work accidents during entry into the enclosed space (water ballast tank) on MT. Emmanuel; and 2) efforts to minimize the risk of such accidents. This research was conducted over 12 months during onboard practical training on MT. Emmanuel using fishbone analysis as the data analysis technique. Based on the analysis, accident causes include worker overconfidence, non-compliance with the permit to enter procedures, lack of oxygen and toxic gas monitoring, and poor communication among crew members. Suggested measures to minimize accidents are the regular implementation of safety meetings, internal sanctions for SOP violators, periodic drills for entering hazardous spaces, and disciplined enforcement of the permit to enter in accordance with ISGOTT 5th Edition Chapter 10 standards. The implementation of these steps is expected to improve crew safety and reduce the risk of accidents in enclosed spaces.

This study aims to examine the optimization efforts made by the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit in supervising and regulating the movement of people and vehicles in the airside area of ​​Komodo International Airport, Labuan Bajo. The AMC unit is responsible for managing the movement of aircraft, people, and vehicles, including plotting parking stands, arranging ground handling, administering flight data, licensing airside vehicles, supervising engine run-up, apron cleanliness, and handling fuel spills. Supervision is carried out based on SOP, but in emergency situations such as aircraft skidding or unloading on the taxiway, the AMC must be able to adapt quickly to relevant safety procedures. This study uses a qualitative method with direct observation techniques, interviews with three AMC personnel, as well as SOP documentation and incident reports. The results show that the implementation of supervision and control has been running according to PM-IK standards. The focus of supervision includes aircraft movement, engine idle, GSE vehicle speed, completeness of worker PPE, and passenger arrangements to the aircraft. However, the main obstacle is the limited personnel which causes a high workload and supervision is not optimal, so that violations by service users or workers still occur and have the potential to endanger flight safety.

This study analyzes the mechanism of inter-regional cooperation in managing TransJatim as a sustainable public transportation system in East Java. Using a qualitative approach and literature study, the study identified three main aspects: (1) a multi-level collaboration model between the provincial government and five regencies/cities (Surabaya, Gresik, Mojokerto, Lamongan, Bangkalan) regulated through Governor Regulation No. 15/2018 and inter-regional MoU; (2) four main obstacles including policy asymmetry, fiscal inequality, technological disparity, and local political dynamics; and (3) strengthening strategies through five pillars: institutional consolidation, regulatory harmonization, financing strengthening, digital transformation, and capacity building. The findings show that the effectiveness of current collaboration is hampered by the lack of an authorized joint management institution and a clear accountability system. The study recommends the establishment of an independent TransJatim Management Agency, the preparation of integrated SOPs, a sustainable financing system, and an integrated digital platform to support the achievement of SDGs (especially goals 11 and 13) in sustainable transportation. The strategy implementation is proposed in three stages: preparation (1 year), transition (2 years), and full operation.

The No Smoking Area (KTR) is a form of protection for the community from the adverse effects of smoking, which is regulated in Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2016. This study aims to analyse the implementation of the KTR policy in the Regional Apparatus Organisation (OPD) of Merangin Regency by reviewing four aspects of policy implementation, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation. The research informants consisted of OPD parties involved in the implementation of KTR. The results showed that in the communication aspect, KTR policies have been socialised through print and electronic media, but delivery training has not been carried out optimally. In the resource aspect, limited human resources, funds, and facilities are the main obstacles in implementing KTR. In the disposition aspect, most OPDs show commitment in implementing KTR, but have not been supported by providing incentives or awards. In the aspect of bureaucratic structure, there is no special SOP or organisational structure in each OPD for KTR implementation, so the implementation is still not running optimally. In conclusion, the implementation of the KTR policy in Merangin Regency has not run optimally because there are still weaknesses in the four aspects, especially related to coordination, human resources, and supporting institutions.

The quality of public service is one of the indicators of the success of local governments in the context of regional autonomy. This research examines the implementation of the Integrated Administrative Services Program (PATEN) in Kalidawir District, Tulungagung Regency, as a strategy to bring administrative services closer to the community. This study aims to determine the quality of PATEN services and identify the inhibiting factors in optimizing the conduct of public services. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and interviews, and then analyzed interactively using the Miles and Huberman model. This study adopts five dimensions of service quality according to Zeithaml, Berry, and Parasuraman, namely: physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The research findings indicate that the implementation of PATEN in Kalidawir District has good performance in terms of service infrastructure, procedural accuracy, responsiveness, and transparency. The inclusivity of services is supported by facilities such as child-friendly rooms and breastfeeding rooms. The staff always implements SOP, provides timely services, and maintains professional behavior. However, there are two main obstacles that hinder the optimization of services: inadequate infrastructure for the elderly and persons with disabilities, as well as limited public understanding of service procedures. These challenges affect access, efficiency, and perceptions of service delivery. This study concludes that although PATEN services in Kalidawir District meet general standards, improving inclusive facilities and communication strategies is essential for more equitable and effective service outcomes.  

Deepfake technology, a product of artificial intelligence, is widely discussed by the public because of its sophistication in replacing the face of the original subject with the face of another subject in the form of a video or photo. This has been misused to create non-consensual pornographic content that has claimed many victims. Over time, this abuse has been facilitated by the spread of the Telegram conversation application. The abused content is then disseminated by the perpetrators on social media and traded. The research method used in this research is normative juridical research which aims to analyse existing regulations, as well as regulations needed to fill the legal vacuum. Moreover, in the case of crimes using AI, there is no specific regulation, so the vacuum has an impact on the lack of security and comfort for victims of deepfake porn. However, the ITE Law describes AI as electronic agents and electronic systems. Criminal law considers that AI is not a legal subject, so the responsibility for AI crimes is imposed on the users of AI technology itself, especially in the crime of deepfake porn.

Surabaya known as the City of Heroes, has various historical buildings scattered in strategic areas, one of which is in Kota Lama Surabaya. The existence of these buildings has been designated as cultural heritage that must be preserved in order to maintain the historical value and identity of the city. However, the implementation of preservation still encounters various obstacles, especially in technical and administrative aspects, as well as the lack of public understanding of the importance of preservation. This research aims to describe the implementation of Surabaya City Regional Regulation Number 1 Year 2024 on the Preservation and Management of Cultural Heritage, with a focus on De Javasche Bank Museum as the object of research. Researchers used descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, field observations, documentation, and review of policy documents. The implementation theory of Ripley and Franklin was used as an analytical knife that includes three indicators, namely the level of compliance with regulations, the smooth routine of functions and coordination between implementers, and the realization of the desired performance and impact. The results show that the implementation of the local regulation has shown progress at the institutional level through coordination across Regional Apparatus Organizations and the implementation of SOPs by museum managers. However, there are still obstacles such as the lack of optimal human resources experts, weak administrative coordination, and the absence of a special management institution. Positive impacts such as increased visitation and community involvement are starting to be seen, but the overall effectiveness of implementation still requires strengthening in various sectors to ensure the sustainability of inclusive preservation.

Osha Snack UMKM faces issues related to product defects, which are suspected to arise due to a lack of quality control in the production process. This study aims to identify the causes of product defects, provide improvement suggestions, and determine effective ways to control product quality. Data were collected through interviews with relevant parties and field surveys to gather information on production volume, product defects, and production activities. The data were processed by organizing it into check sheets, performing regression calculations, and analyzing it using scatter diagrams and fishbone analysis. The Statistical Process Control (SPC) method was applied to analyze, control, and improve the production process. The results show a significant relationship between production volume and the number of defective products, with the regression equation Y = 0.0764X and a coefficient of determination R² = 0.9625. The most common type of defect is broken snacks before packaging. In addition, waste products also come from product returns by buyers, which leads to raw material waste and hinders the achievement of production targets. The analysis results suggest that the UMKM should implement quality control measures in the form of process improvements, enhancement of work skills, proper machine maintenance, implementation of SOPs, and improvement of working conditions.

The main issue faced by BSI Farm is the suboptimal quality control at each stage of hydroponic kale production, resulting in inconsistent product quality. This study aims to analyze the quality of hydroponic kale products at BSI Farm using the input-process-output (IPO) approach. The analysis covers all stages of production, from the selection of superior seeds, nutrient and water management, cultivation using the NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) system, to harvesting and packaging. The results show that the implementation of strict quality control at each stage successfully produces fresh, clean, pesticide-free kale that meets modern market standards. Production waste is managed through a grading system and utilized as animal feed to minimize environmental impact. The main challenges include pest attacks, plant diseases, and inconsistent harvests due to a lack of standardized procedures. However, these can be addressed through regular monitoring, appropriate use of pesticides and fungicides, and consistent implementation of cultivation SOPs.