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This article explores recent developments in reproductive technology, particularly in vitro fertilization (IVF) and the use of surrogate wombs. It also examines the implications of both methods, particularly in legal, ethical, and religious terms. IVF and surrogate wombs offer solutions for couples facing infertility issues. However, both also carry significant challenges in social and moral dimensions. Using a descriptive approach, this article analyzes various perspectives on the practice, including the Islamic view that generally allows IVF with certain conditions but rejects the use of surrogate wombs. The findings of this study reveal that although reproductive technology offers new hope, it is important to adjust regulations to align with legal, medical, and religious values. Thus, the implementation of this technology can be carried out wisely and humanely.  

Delays in filling in the School and Student Data Base (PDSS) by teachers at several schools in Indonesia, such as SMAN 1 Mempawah and SMK 2 Surakarta, have caused hundreds of students to risk losing the opportunity to take part in the National Achievement Based Selection (SNBP) in 2025. PDSS is an important database containing student and school information, including academic grades and other information required for SNBP. Filling in the PDSS is the responsibility of teachers, especially Dapodik operators and BK counselors, as well as school principals. This delay was caused by negligence in entering data before the specified time limit. As a result, students feel stressed and frustrated because they are threatened with not being able to continue their education to college. The delay in filling out the PDSS reflects a larger problem in the Indonesian education system, where adaptation to technology and development of the skills of teaching staff are urgently needed.

Illegal trafficking of protected wildlife is an activity that is a threat to the survival of wildlife, Illegal trafficking categorized as a crime against wildlife includes: intentionally capturing, storing, possessing, maintaining, transporting and trading protected animals in a living condition. The problem in this thesis is what is the basis for the judge's legal considerations in passing a verdict against the perpetrator of the crime of trafficking in protected wildlife of the Siamang species in Decision Number: 134 / Pid.B / LH / 2023 / Pn Kla? is the judge's decision in imposing the sentence in accordance with substantive justice?, The research method used is normative and empirical juridical, The data used is primary and secondary data, data collection with literature studies and interviews. While data processing through the stages of data examination, data selection, data classification, and data systematization. The data that has been presented in the form of a description, discussed and analyzed descriptively qualitatively, to then draw conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the consideration of the Judge in Decision Number: 134 / Pid.B / LH / 2023 / Pn Kla in deciding the criminal case of trade in protected wildlife species of siamang, the Judge in Decision Number: 134 / Pid.B / LH / 2023 / Pn Kla related to the criminal act of trade in siamang species of wildlife considered the legal, sociological, and philosophical aspects according to Ahmad Rifai's theory. The legal aspect includes the sufficiency of evidence and the fulfillment of the elements of Article 40 Paragraph 2 in conjunction with Article 21 Paragraph 2 of Law No. 5 of 1990 concerning the Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Sociologically, the judge sees the impact of the defendant's actions on society and the environment. From a philosophical perspective, punishment is seen not as revenge, but an effort to educate the defendant not to repeat his actions. Finally, the judge sentenced him to 1 year and 4 months in prison and a fine of Rp25,000,000, subsidiary to 1 month in prison if the fine is not paid. The suggestion is that the government, law enforcement and stakeholders are expected to increase education to the community, especially around national parks/protected forests, not to trade in protected animals. This is important to prevent similar crimes and maintain the existence of protected animals in their habitat.    

Overhead cranes are an important device in the manufacturing and construction industry that functions to move heavy loads efficiently and safely. However, human error often occurs which can cause work accidents, equipment damage, and decreased productivity. Therefore, this research aims to design and build an Arduino-based automatic overhead crane system that can increase work efficiency and safety. This system is designed using an Arduino microcontroller as a control center, equipped with an ultrasonic sensor to detect the position and distance of the load, as well as a servo motor to regulate crane movement automatically. The system also features a wireless communication module to monitor and control the crane remotely. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D), which includes the stages of needs analysis, system design, hardware and software implementation, and performance testing. Test results show that this automatic overhead crane is capable of moving loads with high accuracy and a speed that can be adjusted according to needs. The system also succeeded in reducing manual intervention, thereby increasing work safety and reducing the risk of accidents by up to 30% compared to manual systems. The Arduino-based automatic overhead crane design succeeded in meeting the research objectives, increasing work efficiency and safety. Routine maintenance and periodic checks on mechanical and electronic components need to be carried out to ensure the system continues to function optimally and reduces the risk of damage.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and contributes significantly to global morbidity and mortality. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension in Women of Reproductive Age (WUS) reaches around 28.2%, while the use of hormonal contraception—especially injections, pills, and implants—is still a popular choice among couples of reproductive age. Several studies have shown a relationship between the use of exogenous hormones and increased blood pressure, but specific data at the local service facility level are still limited. This study aims to determine the relationship between the use of hormonal contraception and the incidence of hypertension in WUS at BPM Fitria Ningsih Siadari, Karawang Regency, West Java. This study used a cross-sectional analytic design. A sample of 102 WUS (15–49 years) who actively visit BPM Fitria Ningsih Siadari will be taken using purposive sampling. The independent variables include the type of hormonal contraception and duration of use; the dependent variable is hypertension status (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg). Demographic data and confounding factors (age, BMI, family history of hypertension, salt intake, physical activity) were collected through questionnaires and standard blood pressure measurements. Bivariate (Chi square) and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were used to evaluate the association, with a significance level of p <0.05. The results obtained The use of hormonal contraception in BPM Fitria Ningsih Siadari, Karawang Regency, West Java in 2023, the majority used injectable contraception, as many as 58 respondents (56.9%). Blood pressure in BPM Fitria Ningsih Siadari, Karawang Regency, West Java in 2023 was mostly grade 1 hypertension, as many as 46 respondents (45%). There was a relationship between the use of hormonal contraception and the incidence of hypertension in women of childbearing age (WUS) in BPM Fitria Ningsih Siadari, Karawang Regency, West Java in 2023 with a p value = 0.000

The Medan city is one of the largest cities in Indonesia with many economic and tourist activities. The Medan city is one of the gateways for Indonesian businessmen and tourists, especially in North Sumatra. This requires an accommodation that can be a lodging solution for business people and tourists who are doing temporary interests in the city of Medan. This has the potential to design a hotel as a temporary lodging solution for business people and tourists in the city of Medan. The hotel design uses problem solving methods that are focused on solving existing problems, starting from the formulation stage, data collection, analysis to synthesis using survey techniques, literature studies and comparative studies. So that through the design of this hotel, it can be the right lodging solution in the city of Medan with a Tropical Architecture approach that is able to provide comfort for users. Hotel design pays attention to the availability of infrastructure and utilities to support human needs in a design that is able to adapt to the surrounding environment.

One of the socioeconomic problems faced by every region is poverty. Poverty is a social issue that takes place in the long term, so that until now it is still difficult to overcome. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Population, Open Unemployment Rate (TPT), and Human Development Index on Poverty Level in North Sumatra Province. This study uses secondary data analysis in the form of time series data which is quantitative in nature, namely data in the form of numbers. The secondary data used in this study are poverty data, population data, open unemployment rate data and human development index data from 2001 to 2021. These data were obtained from the North Sumatra in Figures (SUDA) document from 2001 to 2021. The results of this study prove that population has a significant effect on the poverty rate of North Sumatra Province, the open unemployment rate variable has no significant effect on the poverty rate of North Sumatra Province, the human development index variable has no significant effect on the poverty rate of North Sumatra Province. Simultaneously, population, open unemployment rate (TPT), and human development index have a significant effect on the poverty rate in North Sumatra province.

Multicultural education is an important approach in a diverse society like Indonesia, with the aim of developing human potential as a whole while respecting diversity. This education emphasizes the recognition and appreciation of cultural, ethnic, religious, and linguistic differences, and also develops an attitude of tolerance and empathy for individuals from diverse backgrounds. This study aims to determine the implementation of multicultural education in the Pancasila Education subject at SMP NEGERI 7 Medan. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of this study consisted of Pancasila education teachers and students at SMP NEGERI 7 Medan. The location of the study was chosen at SMP NEGERI 7 Medan because this school has implemented multicultural education that combines diversity in school life. SMP Negeri 7 Medan illustrates the abundant diversity of students, especially in the field of religion, with students from various beliefs studying together, as well as various social and cultural backgrounds. The school holds a weekly structured literacy program, which is linked to the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) to develop literacy skills and reinforce Pancasila values. Religious activities are held every Friday to strengthen students' religious and ethical values, while "Thursday Expression" acts as a place to celebrate Indonesia's cultural diversity. Healthy exercise for Indonesian children also reflects the Pancasila student profile and culturally diverse education. The realization of the Pancasila project has brought significant positive impacts, such as increasing tolerance, strengthening students' character, developing social skills, and creating an inclusive learning environment.

Maternal health is a measure of the level of social welfare. Maternal death is the death of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days after the end of pregnancy. Perineal rupture is the second most common cause of postpartum bleeding. Tearing may coincide with uterine atony. Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), 2.7 million cases of perineal rupture occurred in mothers giving birth. This figure is estimated to reach 6.3 million in 2050. One way to prevent perineal rupture is to maintain the elasticity of the perineum. Increasing the elasticity of the perineum is done by means of pregnancy exercises. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pregnancy exercise and perineal rupture in postpartum mothers at Anemia Of Pregnant Women At BPM Helena Astuti Sinaga.The research design is an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was all mothers giving birth at Anemia Of Pregnant Women At BPM Helena Astuti Sinaga in November-March 2023, namely 764 people with a research sample of 88 people. The sampling technique used random sampling and research analysis used the chi square test.The research results showed that the majority of pregnant women who took part in pregnancy exercise at BPM were 47 (53.4%) and those who did not do pregnancy exercise were 41 (46.6%). Inpartum mothers who experienced perineal rupture were 42 (47.3%) and those who did not experience perineal rupture were 46 (52.3%). Based on the results of statistical tests between pregnancy exercise and perineal rupture, the p value = 0.003 (p < 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between pregnancy exercise and perineal rupture during birth at BPM Helena Astuti Sinaga. So it was suggested to Anemia Of Pregnant Women At BPM Helena Astuti Sinaga to improve services, especially for pregnant women, to do pregnancy exercises.

Pancasila as the foundation of the state has an important role in shaping the mindset and character of children from an early age, especially at the elementary school level. In the challenging era of globalization, Pancasila-based education is the main foundation in instilling national and moral values. This study aims to explore the role of Pancasila in shaping the mindset of elementary school children and strategies that can be applied in learning so that its values can be internalized effectively. The method used in this study is a literature study by reviewing various relevant scientific articles. The results of the study indicate that an experience-based learning approach, the active role of teachers as role models, and synergy between schools, families, and communities are key factors in instilling Pancasila values. In addition, the challenges of globalization and technological developments require strengthening Pancasila-based digital literacy so that children are able to filter information wisely. Thus, Pancasila-based character education is a strategic element in forming a young generation that has integrity, social responsibility, and critical thinking skills in facing changing times.

This study aims to explore the optimization of pedagogical competence of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in the application of problem-based learning (PBM) methods at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran, North Tapanuli Regency. Teachers' pedagogical competence has a crucial role in designing and implementing effective learning processes, especially in the context of implementing PBM methods that aim to improve students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library approach from book and journal theories to explore information on how PAK teachers implement their pedagogical competence in PBM. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran have optimized their pedagogical competence in adapting the PBM method by focusing on the characteristics of student development which is carried out with a more personal approach. This study concludes that increasing training and development of pedagogical competence for PAK teachers through the application of PBM methods is very effective in improving the quality of learning at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran.

This study aims to analyze the effect of government spending, unemployment, and inflation on the number of poor people in North Sumatra Province during the period 2001-2023. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and Bank Indonesia. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression with EViews 13 software. The classical assumption tests used include normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation tests. The results show that government spending has a negative and significant effect on poverty, while unemployment and inflation have no significant effect. Simultaneously, the three variables have a significant influence on the number of poor people in North Sumatra. It is recommended that the government increase the effectiveness of spending on strategic sectors for poverty alleviation and maintain economic stability with integrated policies.

This study aims to identify and analyze language errors at the syntactic level in the article entitled "Improving the Literacy Culture of Reading and Writing Through Students' Habituation in the Classroom." The focus of the research is on errors in sentence structure, punctuation, and other syntactic issues that may hinder effective communication in academic writing. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, aimed at providing a systematic, factual, and accurate description of a particular object. The data collection technique used in this research is reading and recording techniques, where the article is analyzed thoroughly to identify any linguistic mistakes. The findings of the study revealed several types of errors in the analyzed article, including spelling errors, improper use of punctuation, ineffective sentence structures, mischoices of words (diction), and inconsistencies in language usage. These errors affect the clarity and professionalism of the article. Based on these findings, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding and applying the Indonesian language rules as outlined in the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling (PUEBI). By adhering to these guidelines, writers can improve their writing skills, making their academic papers more effective, clear, and in accordance with established language norms. This research contributes to enhancing the quality of academic writing by highlighting areas where language proficiency is crucial in conveying ideas clearly and accurately.

Merdeka Curriculum was created as an effort to increase learning flexibility by tailoring learning materials to the unique needs and characters of each student.  However, there are several obstacles that must be overcome before this curriculum can be implemented at the elementary school level, especially in terms of making learning modules.  The purpose of this study is to find out the challenges that teachers face when creating lesson plans based on Merdeka Curriculum and the solutions that can be done.  The research methodology used is a qualitative study by conducting a literature study.  Based on the findings, the main challenges faced are the teachers' lack of understanding of project-based learning methods, differences in the structure of learning plans, lack of resources, and heavy administrative burdens. Merdeka Mengajar platform, continuous training, and reducing teachers' administrative burden are suggested solutions.  This approach is expected to help teachers to create more creative and innovative teaching modules that are in line with Merdeka Curriculum principles.

The interaction between teachers and students plays a crucial role in creating an effective learning environment. Empathy-based communication is an approach that can enhance the quality of interaction by understanding students' emotional and academic needs. This study aims to analyze the role of empathetic communication in supporting the teaching process. A qualitative research approach was employed, with a case study conducted at SDN 060842 Sekip Medan. Data were collected through observations and interviews with homeroom teachers. The findings indicate that empathy-based communication can increase student participation, create a positive learning environment, and help teachers identify learning obstacles. However, the implementation of empathetic communication still faces challenges, such as teachers' workload and time constraints. Therefore, training and policies that support its implementation in schools are necessary. This study emphasizes that empathetic communication is not just a teaching strategy but also a means of building stronger and more harmonious relationships between teachers and students.

Access to education that is close and affordable is a major obstacle in Patane II Village, Access to education that is close and affordable is a major obstacle in Patane II Village, Porsea District, Toba Regency. Because there are no schools in the area, children have to go to other villages to study, which has an impact on their physical condition, study time, and safety. Excessive use of electronic devices also has a negative impact on children's learning efforts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the challenges of education in the area and offer community-based solutions involving the government, community, and the use of technology. This study identifies various approaches to tutoring and research related to children's schools. The qualitative methods used are direct observation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that community-based solutions can effectively and sustainably improve access to education. Through the Student Service Practice Lecture Program (KPPM), children's interest in education has increased, especially in mathematics and English. In addition, students' social interactions with children help them reduce their dependence on electronic devices and increase awareness of the importance of education. Further collaboration is needed between the government, community, and educational institutions to achieve long-term goals, such as further school construction, improving teacher quality, and monitoring the use of electronic devices to increase children's learning opportunities.

Waste sorting is one of the important steps in sustainable environmental management. However, elementary school students' awareness in sorting organic and non-organic waste is still relatively low. This can have an impact on increasing the volume of waste that is not managed properly, which ultimately contributes to environmental pollution. This community service aims to measure the effectiveness of the use of two-compartment trash bins in improving students' understanding of waste sorting. The method used is observation with an action study approach on elementary school students. The results of observations after socialization showed an increase in students' understanding after the use of two-compartment trash bins, which was reflected in the increased accuracy in disposing of waste into the appropriate compartment. The use of two-compartment trash bins has proven effective in increasing students' awareness and habits in sorting waste.

In the era of Digital Society 5.0, the development of information and communication technology has had a significant impact on daily life, including in the field of education. Christian education has become an important component in the character formation of adolescents, particularly within the youth fellowship of the Evangelical Protestant Church in the Archipelago (GPIN) Bukit Asam. Parents play a central role in teaching religious values to their children, which will shape their character and morality amid the challenges of the digital era. This research will discuss how parents teach and implement Christian education for the character formation of adolescents at GPIN Bukit Asam, as well as the challenges and strategies faced in the digital context. The findings of this study contribute to understanding the role of parents in applying Christian education for the character formation of GPIN Bukit Asam adolescents in the 5.0 era.

This study aims to identify and analyze language errors in the Discrete Mathematics book, which may affect the clarity and comprehension of the presented material. The analysis focuses on capitalization, punctuation, word usage, and sentence structure. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a literature study approach. Data were collected through in-depth reading and recording of linguistic errors found in the book's text. The results indicate that errors such as improper capitalization, punctuation mistakes, inaccurate word choices, and ineffective sentence structures can hinder the understanding of discrete mathematics concepts. Therefore, linguistic improvements are necessary to enhance the book's effectiveness and quality as a teaching material. These revisions are also expected to increase the book’s academic credibility as a reference for students and scholars.

This study aims to identify and analyze language errors in the Discrete Mathematics book, which may affect the clarity and comprehension of the presented material. The analysis focuses on capitalization, punctuation, word usage, and sentence structure. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a literature study approach. Data were collected through in-depth reading and recording of linguistic errors found in the book's text. The results indicate that errors such as improper capitalization, punctuation mistakes, inaccurate word choices, and ineffective sentence structures can hinder the understanding of discrete mathematics concepts. Therefore, linguistic improvements are necessary to enhance the book's effectiveness and quality as a teaching material. These revisions are also expected to increase the book’s academic credibility as a reference for students and scholars.