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Narcotics abuse is a very dangerous thing, because in addition to having an impact on the user's personal self, he will become addicted and his life will depend on narcotic substances, which if not prevented (treated), the type of narcotics that will be used will become stronger. and the larger the dose. Recidivism is the behavior of a person who repeats criminal acts after being sentenced by a judge's decision which has permanent legal force because of criminal acts that have been committed previously. The problem approach used is an empirical juridical method supported by a normative juridical approach. The data collection technique is that primary data is obtained through interviews with research subjects and secondary data is collected by reviewing through literature studies such as statutory regulations, books or literature, and journals. Data analysis uses qualitative data analysis. The factors that cause recidivism in narcotics abuse crimes are internal factors and external factors. Internal factors consist of uncontrollable desires, behavior, diligent praise, easily frustrated, and the character itself. External factors that cause someone to repeat the crime of narcotics abuse include environmental and social factors, economics, information and communication technology, and family factors. Efforts to overcome the recidivism of narcotics abuse that can be carried out are pre-emptive efforts, preventive efforts and repressive efforts.

This qualitative study investigates the perspectives of 50 cadets enrolled in Indonesian transportation institutes on collaboration between transportation education and industry. The research reveals a high perceived importance of industry-academia collaboration, highlighting its value in providing real-world experience and industry insights. However, challenges such as curriculum misalignment, limited practical training opportunities, and ineffective industry feedback mechanisms hinder effective collaboration. Recommendations include strengthening collaboration through internships and industry projects, regularly reviewing and updating curricula, expanding practical training opportunities, establishing structured industry feedback mechanisms, providing professional development for educators, and promoting lifelong learning. Implementing these recommendations can enhance collaboration, improve education programme relevance, and better prepare students for the transportation sector's demands. This research contributes to the development of a skilled workforce, driving the growth and competitiveness of the transportation industry in Indonesia.

This article aims to explore the legal framework relating to the protection of child victims of international abduction, as well as highlighting efforts that can be made to ensure security, welfare and fair solutions for the children involved. This study uses normative juridical legal research methods, namely This was done by examining statutory regulations and international conventions in the field of legal protection for child victims of international child abduction. The method used is library research or literature study. This research uses book sources and other data. This research was also carried out by reviewing and analyzing various kinds of literature. The 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is a multilateral agreement that aims to protect children from the detrimental effects of international kidnapping by encouraging the immediate return of children who have been wrongfully appointed or detained outside their home country. The 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is the only international legal instrument specifically designed to deal with cases of transnational child abduction. Legal protection for children in mixed marriages experiencing divorce involves various aspects that require special attention. Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, in Article 1 of the 1980 Hague Convention concerning Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is a multilateral agreement that aims to protect children from the detrimental effects of international kidnapping by encouraging the immediate return of children who have been wrongfully appointed or detained outside their home country. Legal protection for children in mixed marriages experiencing divorce involves various aspects that require special attention. Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, in Article 1 provides a definition, what is meant by child protection is all activities to guarantee and protect children and their rights so that they can live, grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with their dignity and human dignity, and receive protection from violence and discrimination.

This article discusses the comparison between Islamic pedagogy in traditional and online learning environments, as well as the impact of digital learning tools on the teaching and learning process. By reviewing existing literature and conducting a comparative analysis, the study identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each method. Findings indicate that while online learning offers greater flexibility and accessibility, challenges such as social interaction and depth of learning remain concerns. The article concludes that the integration of Islamic pedagogy with digital learning tools can enrich the learning experience if applied wisely, emphasizing Islamic values in the digital context.

Introduction: Children's and mothers' health determines the level of family and community health. The health empowerment success relies on the maternal mortality rate and neonatal mortality rate. The delivery prevalence with the SC method increases around the world by more than 10%-15% as recommended. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the prevalence of section caesarea procedures is high, 40.5%. The data of delivery mothers with Sectio Caesarea at HA Zaky Djunaid Pekalongan reached 100 mothers. Objective: This research revealed the characteristics of delivery mothers with Sectio Caesarea from the perspectives of age, parity, gravida, gestation interval, birth history, and height. Method: This qualitative research is a descriptive retrospective type of research by reviewing the medical records of delivery mothers with section Caesarea.Population: This research population consisted of all delivery mothers with section Caesarea at HA Zaky Djunaid Hospital, Pekalongan City, from July 2023 to August 2023.Sample: The research samples were 100 delivery mothers with Sectio Caesarea taken with total sampling. Results: From the data analysis, the characteristics of delivery mothers with SC, based on age, were mostly 29 years old. Most mothers were multiparity and multigravida. The mothers had SC history with 2-5 years of gestational interval. Most mothers were 148cm high.  

The aim of this research is to discuss defaults in rental agreements for flats for low-income communities in the city of Gorontalo in light of law number 20 of 2011 concerning flats. By reviewing the issues regarding the form of implementation of the rental agreement and the legal consequences of non-performance in the agreement, this research can benefit from this. The method used in this research is an empirical legal research method. The results of this research suggest that it is necessary to provide legal education to flat tenants by implementing the contents of the rental agreement as well as the responsibility of the government as the manager of the flat, then carrying out good coordination between the relevant and authorized parties in resolving a case/case.

This article discusses the efforts of the Indonesian Financial Audit Agency (BPK) in preventing and eradicating corruption, reviewing the BPK's main role in auditing state financial management to achieve transparency, accountability and integrity in the use of public budgets. The BPK is also involved in eradicating corruption by conducting investigative audits of suspected corruption cases and revealing facts related to the perpetrators, modus operandi and state losses. In carrying out its duties, the BPK must pay attention to the Human Rights (HAM) perspective to ensure that its efforts do not violate individual rights guaranteed by the constitution and statutory regulations. This article explores how the BPK maintains its independence to carry out objective audits and provide recommendations based on valid data. With a deeper understanding of the role of the BPK, it is hoped that this article will increase appreciation of the importance of cooperation between the BPK, government and society in overcoming corruption which undermines development and human rights principles.

This article explores the cognitive benefits of multilingual education, particularly focusing on bilingual children. By reviewing existing literature on language acquisition, cognitive flexibility, and executive function, the study examines how exposure to multiple languages can enhance children's problem-solving abilities, memory, and attention span. The research emphasizes the importance of implementing multilingual education strategies in early childhood education to foster cognitive development and better prepare children for a globalized world.

This research aims to determine the ability to organize compositions, process colors, adjust colors, and determine the level of suitability of shapes in the results of paintings using umbrella media at the Qalam Jihad Painting Studio Pematangsiantar. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, by researching a topic in a systematic, factual and accurate manner obtained from data collection in the field and carried out based on existing facts and characteristics. This research is to review the composition, color and shape of paintings using umbrella media by studio students aged 13-15 years. The composition aspect gets the lowest score and the color aspect gets the highest score. This can be seen from the good coloring and color combinations with dark and light on the objects and colors that are seen clearly and appropriately by the studio students. Based on this, it produces a higher color aspect than other aspects. The classification of the results of reviewing the composition, color and shape of paintings using umbrella media at the Qalam Jihad Pematangsiantar painting studio is that 7 students are categorized as good with a score of 241.4 to 266 and an average score of 80.5 to 88.6. 8 students were quite good with scores of 211.2 to 234.9 with an average score of 70.4 to 78.3.  

The increasing development of technology and increasing buying and selling activities require every business owner to adapt to technological developments, for business owners selling or processing sales data is very important as is done by PT.XYZ household furniture items such as tables, chairs, dressers, wardrobes, sofas and many more, where sales data is still done manually, such as a lack of reviewing what products consumers need and ineffective data storage. To overcome this problem the researcher tried to implement it using one of the methods available in data mining, namely the K-Means Algorithm. –certain data groups (clusters). So, by grouping this data, the company can find out which items are selling best and which are not selling well. So that the goods in the warehouse do not pile up. From this research, the resulting output is 5 of the best-selling items, and 5 of the least-selling items. With the data processing carried out, it is hoped that it can provide solutions to the company so that they can find out which items are the best-selling and best-selling items.

The rapid development of digital technology has had a significant impact on the legal protection of intellectual property in Indonesia. In this digital era, intellectual property, such as copyrights, patents and brands, has become more vulnerable to infringement and misuse. This article reviews Indonesia's efforts to face these challenges by exploring the policies and regulations implemented to strengthen legal protection of intellectual property in the digital era. The Indonesian government has adopted various regulations that accommodate digital dynamics, such as revisions to copyright and patent laws. However, there are still challenges in effective implementation and enforcement of the law. This article also highlights collaboration between government, the private sector, and society in developing innovative solutions to improve intellectual property protection. By reviewing the latest legal and policy developments, this article provides a comprehensive picture of Indonesia's efforts to mitigate risks and increase protection of intellectual property in the digital era. In conclusion, strong and adaptive legal protection is very important to encourage innovation, investment and economic growth amidst the dynamics of the digital era.

Service is the main task of state apparatus. The scope of public interest services and services covers a broad field of public life. This mandate is contained in the 4th paragraph of the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution, but in practice, Indonesian public services have not run well. Provisions of public service to public civil servants are actually the result of the functioning of state institutions as civil servants. Therefore, the position of government agencies in staffing is very strategic because it determines the extent to which the government can best serve the community. .According to the purpose of the establishment. The results of this study indicate that the role of the village government in improving the economy of rural communities can be seen from the indicators of this study: governance, development implementation, community empowerment, and village community empowerment. The research method used to compile this article is a library survey. That is, reviewing the journal references we find and adapting them to the topic of this article. Based on the literature and reviews conducted in these journals, we found an impact between the welfare of teaching staff and improving the quality of education.

Breast milk is the main need for newborn babies, and it is important to give it exclusively for up to six months or more. Not all mothers, after giving birth, can breastfeed their babies because the breastfeeding process is always associated with symptoms of postnatal anxiety and depression. For mothers with anxiety and depression, it can cause a decrease in self-efficacy when breastfeeding, resulting in an early cessation of breastfeeding. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the influence of anxiety and depression on the self-efficacy of breastfeeding mothers during the postpartum period. The research method is a literature review by collecting and reviewing 7 research journals via Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The results obtained show that there is an influence between anxiety and depression on the self-efficacy of breastfeeding mothers during the postpartum period.

Gender diversity and education level of management level is one from many issues that raised where companies are continually innovating and seeking the best ways to generate higher profit through years. Therefore this research aims to find evidence of whether there is an influence of gender diversity and education level on the increase of company’s profitability, which is studied through descriptive analysis by reviewing the literature from 15 studies obtained from google scholar and emerald insight. The result was found that the gender composition and the level of education do not have a direct impact on a company's profitability but rather depend on how the company can maximize them to get more benefits from the existency of woman on the companyy’s management level job.     Keywords:  Gender Diversity, Education level, and Profitability

The rapid growth of cross-platform applications has significantly increased the volume and diversity of sensitive user data processed across heterogeneous and distributed environments. Personally identifiable information, device identifiers, behavioral data, and financial information are routinely collected to support personalization, analytics, and service optimization. While these practices enhance application functionality and user experience, they also introduce substantial privacy risks, including unauthorized data access, device fingerprint–based re-identification, cross-user data leakage, and large-scale data breaches. These risks are further amplified by distributed processing architectures and extensive third-party library integrations commonly used in modern cross-platform systems. This study aims to systematically analyze privacy issues in cross-platform applications by examining the types of sensitive data involved, identifying dominant privacy threats, and reviewing state-of-the-art privacy-preserving mitigation strategies. A systematic literature-based methodology was employed, focusing on recent Scopus-indexed journal articles, conference papers, and book chapters. The analysis synthesizes findings using thematic categorization and a conceptual research framework that maps sensitive data sources to privacy threats and corresponding mitigation mechanisms. The results indicate that privacy risks in cross-platform applications originate not only from external attacks but also from internal architectural weaknesses, such as flawed authorization logic and excessive data sharing across system components. Privacy-preserving techniques including differential privacy, federated learning, blockchain-based data governance, secure multi-party computation, and fine-grained access control mechanisms are shown to provide stronger privacy guarantees compared to conventional centralized approaches. However, these techniques also present trade-offs related to system complexity and performance. Overall, the study highlights the importance of adopting a multi-layered, privacy-by-design approach to ensure sustainable, trustworthy, and regulation-compliant cross-platform application development.

This study examines the role of digital learning platforms in improving educational access and quality in developing countries. By reviewing case studies of online education initiatives, the research evaluates how digital platforms address common barriers such as teacher shortages, limited resources, and geographic isolation. Findings reveal that digital learning enhances educational equity, especially when supported by proper infrastructure and training for educators and students. The paper highlights key strategies for maximizing the potential of digital learning in resource-constrained environments.

Indonesia has enormous marine and fisheries potential because of its vast sea area. Human resources in managing fishery products have not maximized the potential of fishery products. Therefore, in order to maximize the potential of fishery products, quality human resources are needed. Since human resources are an important part of an organization, including in the Indonesian fisheries industry, human resource management and development is very important for the success of an organization. The method used is qualitative research method, more precisely literature research. The literature research process is carried out by reviewing the literature and analyzing the relevant topics combined. Literature search can utilize sources in the form of journals, books, dictionaries, documents, magazines and other sources without conducting field research. The results found that in optimizing in improving the performance and sustainability of the fisheries product management industry, it is important to optimize human resources. Many approaches can be used to improve operational efficiency. Increase efficiency in all stages of production, from fishing to distribution, with the adoption of advanced technology and automated equipment. Training and Skills Development ensures that employees have a good understanding of the latest practices and technologies through regular training that enhances their technical and managerial skills. Good Production Planning and Management; Energy and Resources Management; Use of wise energy and resource management practices to reduce operational costs Partners and Collaboration: Work closely with suppliers, distributors, and relevant institutions to improve supply chain efficiency and coordination. Training and Skills Development ensures that employees have a good understanding of the latest practices and technologies through regular training that enhances their technical and managerial skills. Good Production Planning and Management; Energy and Resources Management; Use of wise energy and resource management practices to reduce operational costs Partners and Collaboration: Work closely with suppliers, distributors, and relevant institutions to improve supply chain efficiency and coordination.

This research aims to determine the role of HR management at PT Freight Express Surabaya Makassar Branch. This research uses qualitative research by looking at the role of human resource management at PT Freight Express Surabaya Makassar Branch. And for data analysis used, namely reviewing the data, reducing the data, compiling the reduced data, presenting the data and checking the validity of the data and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the role of HR Management in improving employee performance is to direct and control all employees so that they are effective in carrying out work by evaluating employee performance and ensuring that each employee carries out the duties and responsibilities according to their job and the management carries out job training to improve skills and performance assessment in human resource procurement. The efforts that have had a positive impact on employees that have been carried out by management are fulfilling employee rights by providing compensation and job training to improve skills and increase career paths as well as providing performance targets for each employee.

In measuring company performance, several aspects are needed to identify and evaluate company performance. With increasingly tight competition in the business world, many companies are utilizing various business strategies as support to improve their performance. Implementing a business strategy will be beneficial if its implementation is in accordance with the company's goals, vision and mission. Implementation of business strategy aims to support the company's growth and long-term targets. PT. XYZ is one of the companies in the maritime sector that is currently experiencing quite good business growth, in an effort to achieve its goals. One method of analyzing company strategy is to use the SWOT matrix (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) and the SPACE Matrix, namely analyzing from an internal company perspective by reviewing the strengths and weaknesses that exist within the company and from an external company perspective by reviewing the company's internal aspects. opportunities and threats that exist outside the company which are then created a matrix to determine PT's position. XYZ. Based on the IFAS matrix, PT XYZ' position is in a relatively good position in facing its internal environment with a value of 2.80. Meanwhile, PT XYZ' EFAS position matrix is in a relatively good position in facing its external environment with a total value of 3.10. From the results of research on strategies to improve company performance at PT. XYZ was found to be in an Aggressive position..    

This research aims to analyze the application of the inquiry learning model in science subjects regarding the movement of objects in elementary schools. This research used a literature study method which was carried out by reviewing 15 articles, consisting of 12 national journals and 3 international journals. The results obtained from this research are that science learning using the inquiry method on object movement material in elementary schools can be applied and based on the results of the review, science learning using the inquiry model will be more detailed and students will understand more easily, because students are directly involved in learning. the. So it can be concluded that 1) The inquiry learning model can be developed in all subjects, including science subjects which can involve children's ability to observe and research events. 2) The inquiry learning model in science (Natural Science) subjects can help make it easier for students to understand learning, especially regarding the movement of objects. 3) The inquiry learning model provides significant results on student learning outcomes in science subjects in elementary schools, so that in material on object movement, the inquiry learning model can be applied to achieve effective and efficient learning.