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This study examines the representation of the power of women's masculinity in the novel Women Who Wait in the Aisle to the Sea by Dian Purnomo. The research problem focuses on how forms of masculinity power are displayed through female protagonists and how these characteristics reflect the configuration of masculinity according to Raewyn W. Connell's theory. This research aims to uncover how female characters build power, resistance, and independence through masculine attributes in the context of oppressive social structures. The method used is qualitative descriptive with reading and recording techniques as well as content analysis of novel texts. The results of the study show that Shalom figures represent the power of masculinity through courage, social dominance, mental toughness, rhetorical leadership, and physical endurance. These findings prove that women in literary narratives are able to internalize masculine attributes as a resistance strategy against social injustice. The conclusion of this study is that women's forms of masculinity power not only challenge conventional gender stereotypes, but also expand the understanding of women's roles in social structures through powerful and empowered literary representations.

Organizational culture is a collection of values, rules, and beliefs held by members of an organization, influencing the way they think and act in achieving goals. This study aims to describe the basic concepts, roles, impacts, and challenges in implementing organizational culture in educational institutions. The type of research is a literature study. Data were collected from accredited national books and journals using Google Scholar and PoP, with an analysis of 15 articles filtered into 5 main articles. The results of this study (1) Organizational culture in educational institutions contributes to creating a conducive work environment, increasing the professionalism of educators, and strengthening work discipline, (2) A strong culture can improve performance, collaboration, and adaptability, while a culture that is not in line with the vision and mission can cause disorientation and (3) Challenges in implementing organizational culture include resistance to change, understanding organizational values, differences in understanding between members and technological adaptability.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in the education sector has undergone major changes. These changes bring great opportunities to change the learning process to be more personal, effective, and inclusive. The purpose of this journal is to analyze the potential and challenges that need to be faced in the application of AI in education so that it can run optimally. The method used in this study is the literature review method of various recent studies that discuss the use of AI in education, The results of the study show that AI has great potential to improve the personalization of learning and educational efficiency. However, there are number of significant challenges, such as limited infrastructure, privacy and data security issues, resistance from educators and students, and the digital divide that still occurs in several regions. Therefore, a strategy is needed that includes a academic laziness that reduces learning motivation, constraints on AI contextual knowledge, Inability to process complex information, loss of literacy skills, amd the risk of addiction to AI technology. With a planned and sustainable strategy, AI has great potential to improve the quality of national education and also reduce the dangers that may arise from the modern technological era.

Diabetes mellitus is gathering disease metabolic with hyperglycemia caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion , insulin action , or both of them . Loss central type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance in muscles and liver as well failure pancreatic beta cells . Purpose This research is to find out How extract ethanol leaf stalk palm affect the lipid values of diabetic rats. Type This research is a experimental . This research is divided into 6 groups with different treatment​ namely normal, control negative CMC-Na (0.5%), control positive glibenclamide (0.45mL), 125mg/kgBW extract , 250mg/kgBW extract and 500mg/kgBW extract . The results of the lipid parameter data were analyzed with SPSS 22 with level 95% confidence level Results study show extract ethanol dose 250 mg/kgBW and 500 mg/kgBW or more Lots lower level total cholesterol , triglycerides , and LDL as well increase HDL levels

The rapid development of information technology has accelerated the transformation of public services in Indonesia toward digitalization. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness level of digitalization in administrative services at the Medan Amplas District Office. A qualitative approach was used, employing a literature review method by collecting data from books, scientific journals, policy documents, and institutional performance reports. The results show that the digitalization of administrative services in Medan Amplas District has improved service timeliness, cost and procedure transparency, and public satisfaction, with system adoption rates increasing from 30% to 65% between 2018 and 2022. Digitalization has also provided benefits in terms of time and cost efficiency, as well as enhanced staff productivity. However, several challenges remain, such as infrastructure limitations, uneven digital competencies among staff, regulatory inconsistencies, and organizational culture resistance to change. In conclusion, the digitalization of administrative services at Medan Amplas District has been effective but still requires continuous improvement in technical aspects, human resource capacity building, regulatory harmonization, and cultural change to achieve sustainable optimization of public services.

Sex education in schools is an important aspect in supporting the growth and development and reproductive health of children and adolescents. However, in Indonesia, there is cultural resistance regarding the open discussion of sex education. Sex education in schools plays an important role in shaping the character and knowledge of adolescents regarding reproductive health, responsible sexual behavior, and prevention of various risks such as HIV/AIDS, premarital pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. This article reviews the importance of sex education as an integral part of the school curriculum, with an approach to preventing deviant behavior and building a healthy and responsible young generation. It is hoped that through appropriate education, adolescents will be able to make wise and responsible decisions, and reduce the number of incidents that are detrimental to them. This discusses the urgency of implementing sex education in schools with a preventive approach, not just theoretical teaching. Preventive sex education aims to equip students with the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to maintain reproductive health, prevent unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual violence. The implementation of sex education that is appropriate to the cultural context and involves various stakeholders in schools is crucial in creating an inclusive and safe learning environment.

Sex education in schools is an important aspect in supporting the growth and development and reproductive health of children and adolescents. However, in Indonesia, there is cultural resistance regarding the open discussion of sex education. Sex education in schools plays an important role in shaping the character and knowledge of adolescents regarding reproductive health, responsible sexual behavior, and prevention of various risks such as HIV/AIDS, premarital pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. This article reviews the importance of sex education as an integral part of the school curriculum, with an approach to preventing deviant behavior and building a healthy and responsible young generation. It is hoped that through appropriate education, adolescents will be able to make wise and responsible decisions, and reduce the number of incidents that are detrimental to them. This discusses the urgency of implementing sex education in schools with a preventive approach, not just theoretical teaching. Preventive sex education aims to equip students with the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to maintain reproductive health, prevent unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual violence. The implementation of sex education that is appropriate to the cultural context and involves various stakeholders in schools is crucial in creating an inclusive and safe learning environment.

In Tanjungpinang, street vendors' (PKL) resistance to government policy demonstrates the complex dynamics of informal economy management. The purpose of this research is to gain an understanding of the different types of PKL resistance, the methods they use, and how it impacts on local economic policy. Relevant scientific documents were analyzed using a literature study approach. The results show that street vendors not only carry out physical resistance, but also carry out symbolic and cultural actions. As a result, organized social movements emerge. The government's top-down policies often cause tensions, so discussions and cooperation are needed to create more inclusive and participatory policies. Economic empowerment, spatial flexibility, and the development of public-private partnerships are some of the suggested solutions. It is hoped that this research will make a significant contribution to building a policy model that is more responsive to the social realities of society, especially with regard to vulnerable groups.

This study aims to describe the principles of legality in Indonesia and France. This study uses normative legal research methods, namely secondary legal materials in the form of data obtained from books and opinions of experts related to this study. The results of this study indicate that the principles of legality in Indonesia and France highlight the importance of legal certainty, human rights, and a sense of justice in the criminal law system. In Indonesia, the principle of legality has been regulated in the Criminal Code since 1946, but its application is often not pure because of the customary law that still applies. Although there have been amendment efforts, it often ends in a confusing system. Meanwhile, in France, the principle of legality developed from resistance to arbitrary power, which was emphasized in the Habeas Corpus Act in England in 1679. This principle gives parliament the authority to determine the components of violations and their sanctions, as a guarantee of the freedom of citizens from excessive tyrannical actions.

The integration of Islamic values ​​in the national curriculum is a strategic issue in the development of character education in Indonesia. Amidst the flow of globalization and technological advances, national education is faced with the challenge of maintaining national identity while responding to the needs of the times. This article aims to analyze the challenges of integrating Islamic values ​​in the national curriculum, especially in the context of the Independent Curriculum policy and the reality of multicultural education. Using a qualitative literature study approach, this article examines various national education literature and policies in the last five years. The results of the analysis show that the main challenges lie in the lack of pedagogical understanding of teachers, resistance to the integration of religious values ​​in general lessons, and limited contextual implementation guidelines. This article recommends the need for inclusive curriculum design, transformative teacher training, and strengthening collaboration between the government, educational institutions, and the community.

This research aims to analyze the crisis communication strategy implemented by the government to address national issues that could put the ideology of Pancasila at risk. Using a case study approach, this study examines how the government managed communication during the crisis, including identifying key stakeholders, transferring messages, and using communication channels. This data was collected by analyzing political documents and media reports also library research. The results show that the effectiveness of government crisis communication is greatly influenced by the speed of response, transparency of information, and the ability to build an integrated dialog with different groups of people. In addition, this research also shows the importance of positive and continuous communication to incorporate state resistance to ideological threats. The effectiveness of this research provides the government and other interest groups with valuable findings in the development of effective communication strategies to maintain and strengthen the value of Pancasila on the issue of time challenges.

Digital transformation in the taxation system is one of the strategic steps of the Indonesian government in increasing administrative efficiency and state revenue. This study aims to analyze the form of digital tax strategy transformation in Indonesia, identify challenges and opportunities in its implementation, and assess its contribution to increasing national competitiveness. Based on literature studies and current policy analysis, it was found that tax digitalization shows progress through the implementation of e-filing, e-invoices, e-forms, and the imposition of Value Added Tax or VAT on digital services. Digitalization is still dominated by administrative aspects and has not fully touched on the strategic aspects of tax compliance. The challenges faced include low digital and tax literacy, limited technological infrastructure, and resistance from business actors, especially the informal sector and MSMEs. This study contributes to formulating policy recommendations to strengthen the implementation of a digital tax strategy that not only focuses on compliance, but is able to expand the tax base, increase fiscal efficiency, and create a fairer tax system that supports national competitiveness.

Indonesia as a multicultural country with religious, ethnic, and cultural diversity faces serious challenges in maintaining social harmony amidst increasing intolerance, extremism, and politicization of religion. In response, the government developed a religious moderation policy to instill just, balanced, and tolerant religious values. However, this policy has not been fully grounded in society, given the gap in understanding between state idealism and the developing social reality. This study aims to analyze the concept, implementation, and structural and cultural challenges in the implementation of religious moderation policies in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative approach with the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) technique on various relevant national and international scientific publications in the period 2018–2024. The results of the study show that the implementation of this policy is still dominated by a formalistic approach and has not involved active participation from grassroots communities. In addition, ideological resistance, weak public communication, and minimal impact-based evaluation are the main challenges. Therefore, a more participatory, contextual, and local culture-based moderation approach is needed so that this policy does not just become a state project, but a shared life value.

This study examines the social and cultural values in the drama script Gerbong by Agam Wispi through a literary anthropology approach. The research is grounded in the role of literature as a reflection of socio-cultural values, with Gerbong selected for its rich portrayal of post-revolution Indonesian societal dynamics, which has yet to be holistically analyzed from an anthropological perspective. The aim is to identify the manifestations of socio-cultural values through dramatic structures such as dialogue, characterization, and conflict. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, analyzing narrative and symbolic elements within the script. Findings reveal that social values are reflected in non-familial solidarity, critiques of revolutionary injustice, humanism amid adversity, and women’s resistance to stigmatization. Cultural values emerge through the gerbong (train carriage) as a metaphor for resilience, collective sacrifice, and a belief in independence preserved through oral traditions. Intergenerational conflicts between colonial and post-independence values highlight cultural dynamics in postcolonial transition. The study recommends integrating the script into educational curricula, exploring its performative dimensions, and conducting further interdisciplinary research on power relations and gender representation.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) presents new challenges and opportunities in the practice of financial auditing, especially regarding the efficiency and accuracy of audit results, which are still the main problems. This study aims to examine the impact of financial audit transformation through the application of AI using a mixed methods approach. Quantitative data were collected from 100-150 internal and external auditors in medium to large companies in East Java Province who have been using AI for at least one year, and analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS. Qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews to explore perceptions and challenges of AI implementation. The results showed that AI significantly improved the efficiency of the audit process and the accuracy of risk and fraud detection, despite barriers such as change resistance and limited auditor competence. This research makes important contributions to the development of modern audit theory and offers strategic recommendations for practitioners and regulators to optimise AI integration in financial auditing. Practical implications include the need for auditor training and strengthening technology infrastructure to support sustainable digital transformation. 

Grade A steel plates are commonly used in marine and offshore structures due to their high corrosion resistance. This study investigates the effect of bevel angle variations (30°, 40°, and 50°) and the use of ceramic backing on the mechanical properties and welding defects of Grade A steel using the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) method. Welding was conducted with four-pass multipass welding. An experimental approach was employed, including macro visual inspection, dye penetrant, tensile, and impact testing. Results showed that specimens without ceramic backing (P1) had more defects such as incomplete penetration and spatter compared to those with backing (P2). All specimens met ASTM E23 impact standards (average 23.9–24.1 J/mm²). Tensile tests revealed that ceramic backing improved strength, with the highest UTS (576.1 MPa) and elongation (25%) found.

Current study identified Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from burn wound samples using biochemical andmolecular techniques focusing on the rpoB gene. All isolates showed variable virulence factors, includingbiofilm formation (100%), gelatinase activity (90%), and mannose-resistant hemagglutination (72%). Antibioticsusceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates to Rifampin (96%), Tetracycline (92%), and third-generation cephalosporins such as Cefotaxime (73%) and Ceftriaxone (81%). Lower resistance rates wereobserved for Levofloxacin (31%) and Gatifloxacin (27%), suggesting potential effectiveness.PCR analysis confirmed the presence of AdeE and AdeY efflux pump genes in several isolates. However,statistical analysis, including Chi-square/Fisher’s tests and t-tests, demonstrated no significant correlationbetween the presence of these genes and antibiotic resistance patterns (p > 0.05). This indicates that whileefflux pump genes are present, their presence alone does not predict antibiotic resistance in the tested isolates.The findings highlight the complex mechanisms of resistance in A. baumannii and the need for continuedsurveillance and molecular diagnostics to guide effective infection control.

The development of digital technology has encouraged organisations to adopt big data analytics in human resource management (HRM), but there are still challenges in leveraging it for effective decision-making. This study aims to investigate the effect of big data utilisation on the quality of HR decision-making and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors for its implementation. A quantitative method with purposive sampling survey was conducted on 100-150 respondents from companies that have implemented big data-based management information systems and HR analytics. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS software. The results showed that big data analytics significantly improved the quality of HR decision-making, with HR digital competencies and organisational culture as important mediating factors. However, challenges related to cultural resistance and limited expertise were found to affect the effectiveness of implementation. The practical implications of this research emphasise the importance of HR digital capacity building and ethical data governance to support the transformation of HRM into an adaptive strategic function in the digital era. This research also contributes to the development of data-driven management theory with a holistic approach that integrates technical, human, and ethical aspects.

Islamic education plays a crucial role in shaping the character and spiritual intelligence of students. Through Islamic learning strategies, students are not only provided with religious knowledge but also guided to develop moral, ethical, and spiritual values in their lives. This article discusses the influence of Islamic education on the development of spiritual intelligence, the role of educators, and the challenges and implications of its implementation. The research findings show that Islamic education significantly contributes to the formation of disciplined, honest, responsible, and empathetic individuals. Although there are some challenges in the implementation of this strategy, such as limited resources and resistance to religion-based approaches, Islamic learning strategies can have a significant positive impact on the moral and spiritual development of students. Islamic education also has positive implications in students' social relationships and the development of environmental awareness.

This study examines the spread of Christianity by the Kingdom of God in Central Kalimantan, focusing on its history, challenges, and impact on local communities. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document studies. The analysis was conducted using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the spread of Christianity by the Kingdom of God was influenced by social, cultural, and political factors. The main challenges included local cultural resistance, social dynamics, and changing government policies. However, the teachings and values established have persisted in society to this day. These findings provide new insights into the interaction between religion and culture in the local historical context and its contribution to community identity. The implications of this research can serve as a reference for understanding religious dissemination patterns and preserving religious values amidst social changes.