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Background: Most premature infants experience feeding difficulties, including difficulty getting food into their mouths, limited oral capacity, and impaired tongue movement in transferring the bolus toward the posterior part of the oral cavity. This condition underscores the need for special attention in the care of premature infants, particularly in meeting their nutritional needs, which play a crucial role in supporting growth and survival. Purpose: To implement oral motor stimulation interventions for premature infants with feeding problems in the Perinatology Room of Charitas Hospitals Palembang. Method: This case study was conducted on 3 premature infants who received oral motor stimulation interventions for 3 days, with a training frequency of 2 times a day, morning and evening, for 15 minutes. Results: After oral motor stimulation interventions were performed on the three premature infants, good improvement data were obtained, namely in the strength of sucking and swallowing reflexes, and improvement in sucking movements as preparation for the transition from enteral to oral feeding. Conclusion: Providing oral motor stimulation interventions to premature infants helps improve their feeding abilities by enhancing sucking and swallowing reflexes and supporting optimal nutritional intake.

This study discusses the implementation of the CEISA 4.0 System (Customs Excise Information System and Automation) in managing Manifest Inward and Outward data at PT. Surya Samudera Indah under the supervision of the Batam Customs Office. The research is motivated by the need for efficiency and accuracy in customs processes in the era of digitalization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of CEISA 4.0 in supporting customs supervision and services, as well as to identify the challenges encountered during its implementation. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that the implementation of CEISA 4.0 has had a positive impact on the speed and accuracy of manifest data reporting, particularly in document validation and tracking processes. However, several technical barriers such as network disruptions and system errors, as well as non-technical obstacles including limited human resource competence and lack of coordination between the company and customs authorities, were identified. The implications of this research highlight the need for system optimization through technological infrastructure improvement and human resource capacity enhancement to ensure CEISA 4.0 functions more effectively in supporting the smooth flow of national and international logistics.  

This study aims to analyze the feasibility and sensitivity of shallot farming as seed production using a low cost greenhouse system in Hasara Dodo Farmer Group, Nias Regency. The research employed a quantitative approach with a case study method. The data used include production costs, yield, selling price, and greenhouse investment components, which were analyzed using cost, revenue, income, and R/C ratio calculations, as well as sensitivity analysis. The results show that the total production cost is Rp205,200,000 per hectare per planting season, with total revenue of Rp510,000,000 and income of Rp304,800,000. The R/C ratio value of 2.48 indicates that the farming is financially feasible. Sensitivity analysis results show that the farming remains feasible even under a 10% decrease in selling price, increase in production cost, and decrease in production, with the R/C ratio still greater than one. The use of a low cost greenhouse system is proven to improve production stability, especially in areas with high rainfall. In addition, shallot production as seed provides higher economic value compared to consumption purposes. Therefore, greenhouse-based shallot farming has strong potential to be developed as a strategy to increase farmers' income.

Football in Indonesia is not merely a sport but a social phenomenon that triggers massive public emotional engagement. Every result of the Indonesian National Team, particularly in prestigious events such as the FIFA World Cup Qualifiers, often generates waves of opinion in digital spaces filled with criticism, support, and disappointment. The failure of the Indonesian National Team in the 2026 FIFA World Cup Qualifiers has become an important momentum to systematically understand public perception. The purpose of this study is to identify the distribution of public sentiment and to reveal the main issues most frequently discussed through keyword visualization, thereby providing an overview of societal reactions. This research utilizes 971 comments from the TikTok platform as the primary dataset, collected through a crawling process and processed using text mining stages before being classified with a sentiment analysis method. The findings indicate a sentiment distribution dominated by Neutral at 63.67%, Negative at 32.36%, and Positive at 3.97%. The word cloud visualization highlights dominant keywords such as “Pecat” (Dismiss), “Evaluasi” (Evaluation), and “PSSI” (Indonesian Football Association), reflecting public criticism of managerial aspects, although positive words such as “Semangat” (Spirit) and “Dukung” (Support) also appear, emphasizing supporter loyalty. These results contribute to an empirical understanding of the issues most highlighted by the public and the distribution of collective emotions, which can serve as a basis for PSSI and stakeholders in formulating communication strategies, policy evaluations, and improvements to the national football management system.

This research is motivated by the rise of online sales fraud cases on the island of Bali that are detrimental to consumers, the purpose of this research is to analyze it from the aspect of juridical studies and the basis of judges' decisions in deciding cases, this research uses a normative method with a library approach, the results of the study show that online fraud crimes utilize digital technology to manipulate data, here the defendant uses fake transfer evidence as a tool to deceive the store that meets the elements in Article 378 of the Criminal Code, namely the intention to benefit oneself unlawfully, and Article 35 of the ITE Law concerning manipulation of electronic information with the aim of making the data considered authentic, the basis for the judge's consideration to pass a verdict because the existence of photos of transfer evidence and the victim's account balance is sufficient to convince the judge that the defendant is guilty. Legal protection for victims of online fraud has been regulated in the Consumer Protection Law, the ITE Law and government regulations related to electronic transactions, but to strengthen preventive and systemic efforts, public education and increased capacity of law enforcement officers are needed, With the latest regulations such as Law No. 1 of 2024 concerning the second amendment to the ITE Law, Presidential Decree No. Law No. 49 of 2024 concerning the National Strategy for Consumer Protection and Minister of Trade Regulation No. 17 of 2024 concerning the National Action Plan for Consumer Protection have implications for strengthening legal protection for victims of online fraud, which is expected to provide a sense of security in digital transactions.

MSMEs can play a significant role in bolstering a community's economy, with their growth highly dependent on workforce performance. Effective leadership and appropriate incentives significantly enhance employee productivity, motivation, and engagement. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how employee performance in MSMEs in the Bantar Gebang market is impacted by knowledge-oriented leadership and incentives. 135 employees of MSMEs in the Bantar Gebang market were given paper questionnaires to complete in order to gather data. Validity and reliability tests were performed using SPSS version 27 for data analysis in this study. CFA with KMO, Anti-Image, and Factor Loading was used for the validity test; Kolmogrov-Smirnov was used for the normalcy test; multiple linear regression and t-tests were used for hypothesis testing. The findings supported hypothesis 1 by demonstrating that knowledge-oriented leadership significantly and favorably affected worker performance. Additionally, the data supported hypothesis 2 by demonstrating that rewards significantly and favorably impacted employee performance. Employees need to be encouraged by MSMEs leaders to expand their knowledge and abilities through a variety of experiences. MSMEs must put in place extra incentive programs to show their staff how much they are valued. MSMEs owners are required to evaluate and recognize staff members who exhibit strong initiative and go above and beyond the call of duty.

This research is motivated by the problem of uneven bandwidth distribution in hotspot internet services at Oey Alycia Resto & Cafe, which negatively affects connection quality for users. The purpose of this study is to design and implement a bandwidth limitation-based hotspot internet system by applying a Fair Usage Policy (FUP) using Mikrotik devices, in order to achieve fair and efficient internet access distribution. The research method includes network requirement analysis, network topology design, Mikrotik RouterOS configuration, and system performance testing through direct observation and user questionnaires. The system implementation involves hotspot user authentication, per-user bandwidth allocation, and automatic speed reduction when data usage exceeds the predefined FUP threshold. The results show that the implemented system effectively limits excessive bandwidth usage by individual users, improves network stability, and ensures equitable internet access for all hotspot users. Furthermore, questionnaire results indicate positive user responses regarding improved internet service quality after the application of FUP. This research implies that the proposed system enhances the effectiveness of hotspot bandwidth management and can serve as a practical solution for public network administrators in optimizing bandwidth usage in a fair and controlled manner.

Rapid advances in digital technology bring various benefits and risks, including the threat of cybercrime, which can particularly affect Generation Alpha. The purpose of this seminar was to raise awareness and understanding among students at SMK Bina Patriot of the importance of protecting personal data on digital platforms. The seminar was attended by 62 participants who are active internet users in their daily lives. The seminar was conducted interactively through lectures, case studies, and training on steps to protect personal data, such as creating secure passwords and managing privacy on social media. The evaluation of the results showed a significant increase in participants' understanding, reaching an average of 97%. It is hoped that this will become a strong foundation of digital literacy for the younger generation in facing the challenges of the cyber world wisely and safely. This increased understanding is expected to be a strong foundation for Bina Patriot Vocational School students to develop their digital literacy, which in turn will help them to be able to face the challenges of the digital world wisely, safely, and responsibly.

The problem lies in the load lock from the wheel arm, the BLDC motor whose distance cannot be adjusted, and the flywheel whose movement is less smooth than the original design. The purpose of refining the design is to obtain smooth movement and the position of the load lock from the wheel arm, the BLDC motor that can be adjusted to be ergonomic and optimal. The method of refining the design and manufacture of the rear shock breaker spring type electric bicycle through the stages of working load analysis, the need for the distance of the load setting position and the BLDC motor, calculating the construction strength, manufacturing components, assembling components, and evaluating the results of the shock breaker manufacture. The results of refining the design and manufacture of the rear shock breaker spring type electric bicycle show that the movement of the load lock position from the wheel arm and the BLDC motor is smooth, the flywheel must be balanced, the dimensions of the shock breaker device are 120 cm long, 49.5 cm wide, 155 cm high, 120 rpm rotation speed, 2 cm shock breaker movement distance, and 1.5 cm sideways movement deviation which implies being able to provide adequate damping for electric bicycle riders well.

Breast cancer is a chronic disease that affects not only physical health but also psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of patients’ lives. Spiritual well-being is an important internal resource that helps patients cope with illness, maintain hope, and find meaning in life during long-term treatment. This study aimed to describe the level of spiritual well-being among breast cancer patients undergoing treatment. This research employed a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 142 breast cancer patients were selected using purposive sampling at the Oncology Center of RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. Data were collected using the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), which measures religious and existential well-being, and were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a high level of spiritual well-being (66.2%), while 23.9% were categorized as moderate and 9.9% as low. These findings indicate that breast cancer patients generally have strong spiritual resources, particularly in maintaining their relationship with God and finding meaning and purpose in life despite living with a chronic illness. This study highlights the importance of integrating spiritual assessment and spiritual care into holistic nursing practice, especially in palliative and supportive care settings.

Correspondence management is very important in government administration because it helps all parts of the organization communicate more easily. The purpose of this study was to assess the manual mail management system at the Riau Province Human Resources Development Agency (BPSDM) and find barriers and conformity with applicable regulations, especially Riau Governor Regulation No. 45/2019. The research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach involving participatory observation, in-depth interviews, literature research, and visual documentation. The results showed that the manual system used causes recording errors, delays in letter distribution, and difficulties in archive retrieval. In addition, the current provisions have not fully digitized the official manuscript and archive classification. Limitations in budget, infrastructure and HR training lead to mismatches between practices and regulations. The results show that to increase bureaucratic efficiency and improve accountability of public information, we must shift to a digital-based mail management system. According to this study, digitization of archives through applications such as Srikandi should begin immediately. This is necessary so that BPSDM can meet the demands of fast and accurate information services in the era of information technology.

This study aims to analyze the creation of public value through the Multi-Purpose Credit (KSG) program implemented by Bank Sumsel Babel Prabumulih Branch in improving financial inclusion for civil servants (ASN) in Prabumulih City. The analysis employs Mark H. Moore's Public Value Strategic Triangle, which consists of three core dimensions: public value, legitimacy and support, and operational capacity. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis involving seven informants, including internal bank officials and KSG borrowers with varying credit statuses (current, substandard, and non-performing). Overall, the study concludes that the KSG program successfully creates public value by expanding access to formal financial services, strengthening ASN financial literacy, and contributing to local financial inclusion. The findings indicate that the program not only functions as a banking product but also as a public service instrument that supports socioeconomic stability among civil servants. However, several challenges remain, particularly in ensuring equal benefits for borrowers facing repayment difficulties. Therefore, improvements in post-disbursement support, the development of online consultation services, and the provision of continuous and targeted financial education are needed to enhance program sustainability and ensure that public value is distributed more evenly among all borrower categories.

In article 157A of Law Number 6 of 2023 that in the process of termination of employment, employers and permanent workers must carry out their respective obligations, employers can carry out suspension actions and still pay wages and other rights, but in reality employers rarely apply article 157A. The purpose of the research is to analyze the Implementation, Obstacles and Efforts on Workers' Rights in Wage Payment During the Termination of Employment Process at Palm Oil Company in Siak Regency. This type of research is Sociological legal research. In this research, three approaches are used, namely the legislative approach and the data source case approach using primary data and secondary data. The data collection technique used is primary data through interviews and questionnaires. The conclusion of this study is the legal protection of workers' rights during the termination of employment by the company through the settlement of industrial relations disputes in which there are various interpretations regarding the wage process. Article 157A of Law Number 6 of 2023 states that the responsibility of employers and workers remains valid until the industrial relations dispute settlement agency makes a decision. The implementation in the process of termination of employment is that workers are no longer allowed to work by the company but do not carry out suspension actions, but there are many companies that do not carry out things regulated by law. With the existence of multi-interpretation regulations on wages, the process provides uncertainty for workers, as well as in the interim decision submitted by the worker/plaintiff which is rejected by the judge which is clear that the worker can prove that the employer does not carry out his obligations as it should.

This study discusses the delivery process of Full Container Load (FCL) from the Container Freight Station (CFS) to the Container Yard (CY) at MTKI Port (Masaji Tatanan Kontainer Indonesia) by the shipping agency (EMKL) PT. Elang Sriwijaya Palembang. This FCL delivery process is a critical stage in the shipping logistics chain as it ensures that containers fully loaded from the stacking warehouse can be placed in the port's stacking yard safely and in accordance with procedures. Shipping documents and administrative completeness are also vital components that must be fulfilled to ensure the container transfer process runs smoothly and complies with Port regulations. The purpose of this research is to identify the stages of the FCL delivery process, the parties involved, the obstacles faced during the container transfer process, and the solutions implemented to overcome them. The results show that the FCL delivery process involves several steps, starting from the issuance of shipping documents, administrative inspection, and coordination with port authorities, to the actual transfer of containers to the CY. Furthermore, obstacles were found in the form of administrative delays, limited loading and unloading equipment, and coordination issues between the EMKL and the port operator. This research is expected to serve as a reference for EMKL companies and related institutions in improving the effectiveness of the FCL delivery process, thereby supporting the smooth flow of goods at the port and enhancing the efficiency of Indonesia's maritime logistics activities. The methods used in preparing this paper are field research and library research methods.

This study was motivated by the importance of understanding directive speech acts in the context of lectures as a form of effective da’wah communication in contemporary society. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the forms and functions of directive speech acts in Ustadzah Haneen Akira's lectures on the YouTube channel Sharing Ladies Day. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with observation and note-taking techniques to collect data from sermon transcripts as the primary data source. The results show that the directive speech acts that appear include the functions of advising, commanding, prohibiting, requesting, and questioning, which are delivered in a gentle, polite, and persuasive style so that they are easily accepted by the audience. In addition, these speech acts reflect the speaker’s intention to influence, guide, and encourage listeners toward positive behavioral changes. This research provides benefits in enriching pragmatic studies, especially in the field of speech act analysis, and serves as a practical reference for preachers in delivering da’wah messages in a more communicative, contextual, and effective manner in the digital era.

The study titled “Designing a Web-Based E-Module for Empowering Tenth-Grade Students’ Writing Skills in Descriptive Text” aims to develop a digital learning medium to improve students’ descriptive writing abilities. The research applies a Design and Development (D&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, supported by a descriptive quantitative method. The study addresses limitations of traditional, teacher-centered instruction that relies heavily on printed materials by integrating technology into the learning process. The research begins with an analysis of existing teaching practices and learning resources for descriptive text writing. Based on this analysis, a web-based e-module is designed to provide a more interactive and engaging learning experience. The module includes structured materials such as definitions, purposes, text structures, language features, examples, and practice exercises. The e-module is then implemented in a tenth-grade classroom setting, followed by an evaluation of its effectiveness using quantitative data. The results indicate that the web-based e-module effectively improves students’ descriptive writing skills. Interactive features, including multimedia content, self-paced activities, and immediate feedback, enhance students’ motivation and active participation. Teachers and students report positive perceptions regarding the practicality, accessibility, and usefulness of the e-module. Pre-test and post-test results also show a clear improvement in students’ writing performance. Overall, the study concludes that web-based e-modules are a promising instructional medium for enhancing writing skills and supporting student-centered, technology-integrated English language learning.

Toxoplasmosis is a disease transmitted from animals to humans, caused by the protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondii. The Toxoplasma gondii parasite has infected more than 60% of the world's population and2-51% in Indonesia. Women of childbearing age (15-45 years) are one of the risk groups for the transmission of infection by the Toxoplasma gondii parasite. A person's knowledge is influenced by various factors such as level of education, information, environment and culture. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of knowledge on prevention of toxoplasmosis in women of childbearing age in Lhokseumawe City. This research is a type of descriptive analytic research with a cross-sectional time approach. Samples were taken using a purposive sampling technique from women of childbearing age in Uteunkot Village and Kuala Meuraksa Village. The sample size was determined using the Snedecor & Cochran formula and the minimum sample size was 62 respondents in Uteunkot Village and 62 respondents in Kuala Meuraksa Village. The results of this study indicate that the majority of respondents in Uteunkot Village have a less knowledge level of 43.5% and the majority of respondents in Kuala Meuraksa Village also have a less knowledge level of 85.5%. Data analysis used the Mann-Whitney test. The results of statistical analysis showed a p value <0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there are differences in knowledge of toxoplasmosis prevention in women of childbearing age in rural villages and urban villages.

This study evaluates the implementation of the Job Analysis (Anjab) policy at the Provincial General Elections Commission (KPU) of East Java using William N. Dunn’s policy evaluation model. The purpose of this research is to assess the extent to which the Anjab policy has been effective, efficient, adequate, equitable, responsive, and appropriate in supporting human resource management within the Provincial KPU. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews with personnel in the Subdivision of Personnel, observations, and document analysis of relevant regulations and internal documents. The evaluation shows that the implementation of Anjab within the KPU has not been optimal, as the Anjab documents have not been updated regularly, the job map remains generic and nationally standardized, there is no dedicated team responsible for Anjab management, and personnel’s understanding of Anjab remains limited. These conditions result in discrepancies between job descriptions and actual tasks performed, disproportionate task distribution, and low utilization of Anjab in human resource structuring. Consequently, the policy has not been fully effective, efficient, responsive, or well-targeted. Key recommendations include establishing an Anjab implementation team, providing technical training, developing an institution-specific job map, and conducting regular document updates

Cooperatives, as the backbone of the people's economy, play a strategic role in improving the welfare of their members, particularly through the management of business profits. This role becomes even more complex when cooperatives receive government assistance sourced from state finances, as its management concerns not only the internal interests of the cooperative, but also the public interest. In practice, the extensive authority of cooperative administrators is often not balanced with strict restrictions and effective oversight mechanisms, thereby creating the potential for abuse of authority and weak accountability. The purpose of this study is to determine whether legal regulations can limit the authority of administrators so that they do not abuse government assistance and to determine whether existing regulations provide adequate oversight mechanisms. The research method used was normative juridical with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study show that normatively, the authority of cooperative administrators has been limited through the principle of delegation from member meetings and accountability obligations, and reinforced by the state financial legal regime through government assistance. In addition, the supervisory mechanism has been regulated in layers through internal and external supervision, although in practice it still has the potential to be formalistic. The implication of this study is the importance of strengthening the implementation of authority restrictions and effective supervisory mechanisms in order to realize accountable, transparent, and sustainable cooperative governance, while maintaining public trust in government assistance programs.

According to the latest data from WHO (World Health Organization) in 2024, there were around 1.7 billion cases of diarrhea in children worldwide which resulted in 443,832 deaths in children under 5 years of age each year, and an additional 50,851 children aged 9 years, while the country with the most diarrhea in children in the United States was 350 million cases each year and 48 million of them were caused by bacteria in food. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the role of parents and the initial handling of diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-5 years. This type of research is quantitative analytical with a cross-sectional study approach. The independent variable in the study is the role of parents, while the dependent variable is the initial handling of diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-5 years. The population in this study were all children suffering from diarrhea at the Gedang Village Health Center in 2024 as many as 283 people with a sample of 74 people. The sampling technique used was the Accidental Sampling technique. This study was conducted in the Working Area of ​​the Gedang Village Health Center, Sungai Penuh City, in January-June 2025. The results showed that most 47 (63.5%) respondents had poor parental roles, and most 42 (56.8%) respondents had poor initial handling of diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-5 years, with the results of the statistical test (Chi-Square) obtained a value of p = 0.005 (p <0.05). The conclusion of the study shows that there is a relationship between the role of parents and the initial handling of diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-5 years. The researcher's suggestion from the results of the study is that it can be applied in daily nursing practice, such as providing health education regarding the first handling of diarrhea, so that the role of parents will be even better.