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The State Logistics Agency (Bulog) plays a strategic role in maintaining national food security by stabilizing the prices and availability of staple food commodities. Amidst increasingly fierce market competition and changing consumer behavior, the Maumere branch of Bulog faces challenges in increasing commercial commodity sales without neglecting its public function. This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy implemented by Bulog Maumere to increase food commodity sales, as well as identify obstacles and improvement efforts. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and documentation, the findings indicate that Bulog Maumere's marketing strategy integrates the 4Ps of the marketing mix—product, price, place, and promotion—through expanded distribution channels (RPK, traditional markets, government agencies), market operations (SPHP, the Affordable Food Movement), and collaboration with local partners. This strategy is effective in increasing sales volume and accelerating stock turnover, although it remains hampered by reliance on government assignments, lengthy bureaucratic procedures, and distribution delays. Key recommendations include strengthening commercial sales, optimizing digital marketing, and improving operational efficiency. The results of this study provide a practical contribution to the development of marketing strategies for public food institutions in the archipelago.

This internship report aimed to describe the results of the analysis of employee performance at the Secretariat of the DPRD of Sikka Regency, particularly in providing administrative support for the budgeting function and achieving organizational accountability. The internship was conducted for four months, from August 11 to December 12, 2025, and took place in the Budgeting and Oversight Division. Data collection methods used in preparing this report included participatory observation of bureaucratic activities, structured interviews with the Head of the Budgeting and Oversight Division, and review of internal documents such as the 2024 Performance Report (LAKIP). The analysis focused on identifying operational obstacles and formulating effective problem-solving strategies.The results of the analysis showed that although administrative governance had generally been implemented in accordance with procedures, significant constraints were still found, including limited human resource competencies, low levels of work discipline, and inadequate facilities and infrastructure. These issues affected delays in the completion of financial accountability reports (LPJ), which in turn influenced the credibility of budget accountability. As a solution, this report formulated optimization strategies through strengthening periodic technical guidance (Bimtek), increasing staff supervision, and improving the effectiveness of internal communication patterns. The implementation of these strategies is expected to ensure the creation of work efficiency and sustainable budget accountability within the Secretariat of the DPRD of Sikka Regency.

The growing number of alleged medical malpractice cases in Indonesia, particularly physicians’ misdiagnosis resulting in patient death, underscores the need for stronger legal certainty and accountability in healthcare services. Physicians are professionally obligated to conduct diagnosis and medical treatment in accordance with professional standards, service standards, and standard operating procedures; however, negligence may occur and lead to severe harm. This study aims to analyze the legal provisions governing physicians’ liability for misdiagnosis causing patient death and to examine the forms of legal responsibility that may be imposed. The research applies a normative juridical method using a case approach and literature review, relying on primary legal materials such as the Indonesian Civil Code, the Criminal Code, the Medical Practice Law, the Hospital Law, and Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, supported by secondary and tertiary sources. The findings indicate that physicians may be held liable under civil, criminal, and administrative law if the essential elements of medical negligence are proven, namely duty of care, breach of duty, harm (including death), and a causal relationship between the misdiagnosis and the fatal outcome. Moreover, liability may extend to hospitals under the doctrines of vicarious liability, hospital liability, and strict liability. This study implies the importance of strengthening professional competence, reinforcing disciplinary mechanisms, and ensuring balanced legal protection for both patients and healthcare professionals within Indonesia’s health law framework.

The rapid growth of Sharia-based e-commerce reflects the increasing demand among Muslim consumers for transactions that comply with Islamic principles. However, digital transaction practices still raise various concerns, particularly regarding the clarity of contracts (akad), payment security, and information transparency. This study aims to explain Muslim consumers’ perceptions of the application of the legal maxim al-yaqīn lā yazūlu bi al-shakk in Sharia e-commerce transactions, with a focus on students of the State Islamic University of North Sumatra. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews with 10 informants as the primary data source, supported by questionnaire data to identify general tendencies in respondents’ perceptions. The findings reveal that although most respondents understand the maxim theoretically, they have not been able to apply it effectively in digital transaction contexts. The uncertainties experienced by respondents are predominantly triggered by technical factors, such as delays in payment confirmation, rather than shakk in the fiqh sense. Moreover, limited understanding of digital contract mechanisms contributes to uncertainty regarding the moment when a contract is considered legally valid. Information transparency emerges as a key factor in fostering yaqīn, particularly in relation to the clarity of product descriptions and transaction procedures. This study concludes that the application of al-yaqīn lā yazūlu bi al-shakk in Sharia e-commerce remains suboptimal due to limited digital fiqh literacy and insufficient technological reliability, highlighting the need for enhanced digital muamalah education and improved information quality on Sharia e-commerce platform.

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a fundamental competence required by vocational school students before entering workplace practice, particularly due to their high exposure to practical activities involving tools, machines, and work procedures with potential risks. This community service activity aimed to provide OSH training for students of SMK Negeri 3 Ogan Komering Ulu as part of their preparation for workplace practice. The activity was conducted using a seminar and case study approach involving 40 vocational students. The implementation stages included preliminary needs analysis, training delivery through structured material sessions and interactive discussions, and post-training evaluation using participant feedback instruments. The training materials covered formal OSH regulations, basic OSH principles, risk mitigation, personal protective equipment, and the relevance of OSH competencies in industrial work environments. The results indicated that participants demonstrated improved understanding of OSH obligations, awareness of workplace risk prevention, and readiness to apply OSH principles during practical learning activities. This community service activity contributes to strengthening students’ preparedness for workplace practice by fostering early awareness of occupational safety culture within the vocational education context.

This study, entitled "Analysis of the Application of Sharia Economic Principles in Nuris Medika Fund Management," aims to analyze the extent to which Sharia economic principles are applied in the fund management system at the Nuris Medika healthcare institution. Sharia economic principles emphasize justice, transparency, mutual assistance (ta'awun), and the prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (gharar), and maysir (gambling). This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation of managers and related parties at Nuris Medika. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research results indicate that fund management at Nuris Medika largely adheres to Islamic economic principles, particularly in terms of transparency in fund use, social responsibility, and the implementation of an interest-free system in internal financial transactions. However, several aspects still need to be strengthened, such as the development of more systematic Sharia-based standard operating procedures (SOPs) and increasing Sharia economic literacy among all institution managers. Overall, the implementation of Islamic economic principles at Nuris Medika can be categorized as good and has the potential to become a model for financial management in Islamic boarding school-based healthcare institutions based on Islamic values.

Kali Baru Lake is a community-based pilot tourism destination in Bekasi City managed by the Kali Baru Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis Danau Indah Kalibaru). Preliminary observations indicate that destination management still faces limited human resource capacity, inadequate safety facilities, and the absence of a structured risk management document as a governance instrument. This community service program aims to strengthen the institutional capacity of the Pokdarwis through assistance in developing a risk management document, tourism safety training, formulation of operational standard operating procedures (SOPs), and enhancement of risk communication. The implementation method applied a participatory approach consisting of initial assessment, training, document development workshops, implementation of safety-supporting facilities, and evaluation. The results show the completion of a risk management document based on hazard identification and mitigation, the establishment of several safety and operational SOPs, the availability of risk communication media, and improved knowledge and skills of Pokdarwis members in managing sustainable tourism destinations. This program contributes to strengthening destination governance professionalism, enhancing tourism safety, and improving the readiness of Kali Baru Lake as a safe and sustainable community-based tourism destination.

Skin aging is a natural process that cannot be avoided, but it can be slowed down through proper skin care. The use of natural face masks is one of the safe, affordable, and relatively non-invasive treatment alternatives without long-term side effects. The bandotan plant (Ageratum conyzoides L.) is a weed that grows wild in the Cemani Village area, Sukoharjo Regency. Although often considered worthless, this plant actually contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have the potential to be antioxidants. Therefore, this service activity aims to provide counseling and training to the people of Cemani Village regarding the manufacture of face masks made from bandotan plants. This program is carried out with several procedural stages, starting from the interpretation of problems on the land, followed by the preparation of the timeline for the implementation of activities, then counseling and ending with a workshop session on the procedure for making antiaging masks for bandotan herbs. The program ended with an assessment of the evaluation of the activities. This activity was attended by 20 participants of the Cemani village PKK mobilization team. Based on the pretest and posttest scores, there was an increase in public knowledge about the program carried out with an average of 80 pretests and an increase in the average percentage of posttest scores up to 95.83. In the assessment of the questionnaire, public satisfaction with the implementation of the activity was classified as very satisfied with a score of 92.67.

PLN (Persero) is the state-owned company responsible for supplying electrical energy in Indonesia and plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and continuity of power distribution. Therefore, all electrical equipment, particularly power transformers, must be maintained in safe and reliable operating conditions. Transformers function to change voltage levels from high to low or vice versa and are essential components in the electric power distribution system. One important transformer component that requires periodic maintenance is the On Load Tap Changer (OLTC). To maintain transformer performance and extend its service life, routine maintenance activities such as OLTC oil replacement are necessary. PT. PLN (Persero) ULTG Rangkasbitung conducts regular OLTC oil replacement twice a year as part of its preventive maintenance program. Transformer oil serves as both an insulating medium and a cooling agent; therefore, its condition greatly affects transformer reliability and operational safety. Degraded oil quality can cause insulation failure and reduce transformer efficiency. This study aims to describe the procedure and implementation of On Load Tap Changer oil replacement at the transformer substation of PT. PLN (Persero) ULTG Rangkasbitung. The research method used is field research, carried out through direct observation and interviews with maintenance personnel. The results of this study are expected to provide a clear understanding of the OLTC oil replacement process, support proper maintenance practices, and emphasize the importance of transformer maintenance in ensuring the reliability and sustainability of the electric power system.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the SOSEK MALINDO (Malaysian-Indonesian Socio-Economic) regional collaboration program in addressing human trafficking, coordinated by the Regional Border Management Agency (BPPD) of the Riau Islands Province (Kepri). The Riau Islands Province, which borders Malaysia and Singapore, is a strategic entry point vulnerable to transnational crimes, including human trafficking. The main factors driving the people of Kepri to choose illegal routes to become Indonesian Migrant Workers (TKI) to Malaysia are economic pressure, limited job opportunities, attractive promises from brokers (tekong), complex and expensive official bureaucracy, and a lack of accurate information about official procedures. This situation is exploited by human trafficking networks through hidden routes, illegal ports, and methods of illegal labor and sexual exploitation. Although SOSEK MALINDO aims to improve the socio-economic welfare of communities in border areas and indirectly functions to reduce vulnerability to human trafficking, this program does not specifically make human trafficking its main focus. The BPPD plays a very important role as a liaison in cooperation with the Indonesian National Police, Immigration, and BP3MI for prevention and supervision. However, the BPPD faces challenges such as limited funding, overlapping authority between institutions, and a lack of accurate data on human trafficking. Strategic recommendations include making human trafficking a primary focus of the SOSEK MALINDO forum agenda, establishing a dedicated cross-border human trafficking task force, strengthening the BPPD's role in coordination and information gathering, and involving local communities, NGOs, and international organizations in mitigation efforts.

Skin aging is a natural process that cannot be avoided, but it can be slowed down through proper skin care. The use of natural face masks is one of the safe, affordable, and relatively non-invasive treatment alternatives without long-term side effects. The bandotan plant (Ageratum conyzoides L.) is a weed that grows wild in the Cemani Village area, Sukoharjo Regency. Although often considered worthless, this plant actually contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have the potential to be antioxidants. Therefore, this service activity aims to provide counseling and training to the people of Cemani Village regarding the manufacture of face masks made from bandotan plants. This program is carried out with several procedural stages, starting from the interpretation of problems on the land, followed by the preparation of the timeline for the implementation of activities, then counseling and ending with a workshop session on the procedure for making antiaging masks for bandotan herbs. The program ended with an assessment of the evaluation of the activities. This activity was attended by 20 participants of the Cemani village PKK mobilization team. Based on the pretest and posttest scores, there was an increase in public knowledge about the program carried out with an average of 80 pretests and an increase in the average percentage of posttest scores up to 95.83. In the assessment of the questionnaire, public satisfaction with the implementation of the activity was classified as very satisfied with a score of 92.67.

The investigation stage constitutes a crucial phase in the criminal justice system, as it determines the direction and quality of subsequent law enforcement processes. Within the context of Indonesian criminal procedural law, the Criminal Procedure Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana/KUHAP) grants extensive authority to law enforcement officials, particularly investigators, in order to ensure the effective disclosure of criminal offenses. However, such dominance of authority has the potential to create an imbalance between the interest of law enforcement effectiveness and the protection of human rights, especially when it is not accompanied by adequate mechanisms of limitation and oversight. This study aims to critically analyze the dominance of law enforcement authority at the investigation stage and its implications for law enforcement effectiveness and the potential for abuse of power. The research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by qualitative analysis of legal doctrines, legislation, and relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that while the dominance of investigative authority does contribute to the effectiveness of investigations, it simultaneously creates opportunities for abuse of power due to weak internal and external oversight mechanisms. This condition results in the erosion of the principles of due process of law and the protection of suspects’ rights within the criminal justice system. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need to strengthen judicial control mechanisms, enhance the accountability of law enforcement officials, and reform criminal procedural law in order to achieve a balance between effective law enforcement and the protection of human rights within a democratic rule-of-law state.

This study aims to analyze the management of educational facilities and infrastructure planning at Pesantren Miftahul Ulum Subang and its contribution to learning effectiveness. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design, using in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving 19 participants, including the boarding school leader, teachers, students, and facilities managers. Data were analyzed thematically to identify patterns of facilities management and their impact on the learning process. The findings indicate that the needs analysis for facilities is not yet systematic and largely relies on informal reports. Facilities procurement is carried out gradually based on priority needs and available financial resources. Several facilities are underutilized due to the absence of standard operational procedures and limited supervision. The study also shows that the quality of facilities has a direct influence on learning effectiveness by enhancing classroom comfort and supporting instructional methods. It is concluded that structured and data-driven facilities planning is essential for improving the quality of learning in Islamic boarding schools.

Postoperative pain is a prevalent condition encountered by patients after surgical interventions and may negatively influence physical recovery as well as psychological well-being when inadequately managed. Conventional pain management strategies that primarily depend on pharmacological agents may lead to undesirable side effects, thereby emphasizing the importance of complementary non-pharmacological approaches. One intervention increasingly applied in nursing care is guided imagery. This review aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of guided imagery in alleviating pain intensity among postoperative patients. A scoping review methodology was employed, with article identification guided by the PICO framework across national and international academic databases. Eligible studies included full-text research articles published within the past five years, written in either Indonesian or English, and specifically examining the use of guided imagery in postoperative settings. A total of ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to in-depth analysis. The results consistently demonstrated a significant reduction in pain intensity following the implementation of guided imagery across various surgical procedures, including cesarean delivery, appendectomy, fracture surgery, cholelithiasis, and abdominal operations. The intervention, delivered for 10–20 minutes per session, effectively reduced pain levels from moderate to severe to mild, with statistically significant outcomes (p < 0.05). Moreover, guided imagery was found to enhance patient relaxation, comfort, and psychological stability. These findings indicate that guided imagery represents a safe and effective non-pharmacological nursing intervention that can be integrated into evidence-based postoperative pain management.  

This research aims to analyze the implementation of social rehabilitation programs for persons with physical disabilities at the Social Affairs Office of Pasuruan City, East Java. Persons with physical disabilities face various challenges in accessing public services and participating in social life, thus requiring comprehensive rehabilitation programs. Using the implementation theory of George C. Edward III, this study examines four critical factors: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This qualitative research employs a descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation study. Informants include officials from the Social Affairs Office, rehabilitation program staff, persons with physical disabilities as program beneficiaries, and community members. The results indicate that the implementation of social rehabilitation programs has been running according to established procedures, including physical rehabilitation services, vocational training, and social assistance provision. However, several obstacles were identified, including limited budget allocation, inadequate accessibility of rehabilitation facilities, shortage of trained social workers, and lack of public awareness regarding disability issues. The program has successfully provided assistive devices to 85 beneficiaries and vocational training to 60 persons with physical disabilities in 2023. This study recommends strengthening coordination between related agencies, increasing budget allocation, improving facility accessibility, and conducting socialization to enhance community participation in supporting persons with physical disabilities.  

In the contemporary era,many people have yet to fully comprehend or internalize the spiritual and social dimensions of prayer (shalat). As a result, shalat is often carried out merely as a routine obligation without deep reflection on its true purpose. In fact, shalat plays a significant role in shaping personal character and social behavior. This study employs a literature review approach by examining various sources, including books, academic journals, and educational articles that discuss the concept and significance of shalat as an act of worship. The findings indicate that a profound understanding of the inner meanings of shalat can foster self-awareness, self-control, and discipline. These values strongly contribute to the development of moral and ethical character. Furthermore, shalat reflects collective religiosity through its practices and procedures, symbolizing spiritual purification, reverence for God, and awareness of human limitations. Congregational prayer further emphasizes principles of unity, brotherhood, and equality, regardless of social status or background. In addition, shalat functions as a moral safeguard that prevents individuals from engaging in immoral and harmful actions. Therefore, shalat plays a crucial role not only in strengthening spiritual devotion but also in maintaining personal integrity and social harmony.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of social rehabilitation programs for persons with physical disabilities at the Social Affairs Office of Pasuruan City, East Java. Persons with physical disabilities face various challenges in accessing public services and participating in social life, thus requiring comprehensive rehabilitation programs. Using the implementation theory of George C. Edward III, this study examines four critical factors: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This qualitative research employs a descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation study. Informants include officials from the Social Affairs Office, rehabilitation program staff, persons with physical disabilities as program beneficiaries, and community members. The results indicate that the implementation of social rehabilitation programs has been running according to established procedures, including physical rehabilitation services, vocational training, and social assistance provision. However, several obstacles were identified, including limited budget allocation, inadequate accessibility of rehabilitation facilities, shortage of trained social workers, and lack of public awareness regarding disability issues. The program has successfully provided assistive devices to 85 beneficiaries and vocational training to 60 persons with physical disabilities in 2023. This study recommends strengthening coordination between related agencies, increasing budget allocation, improving facility accessibility, and conducting socialization to enhance community participation in supporting persons with physical disabilities.  

This study aims to develop learning media for motorcycle hydraulic brake systems through three main aspects. First, it examines the development procedures covering the planning, design, and implementation stages. Second, it evaluates the feasibility of the developed media for Automotive Engineering Education students at Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo in terms of effectiveness, ease of use, content relevance, and visual and functional appeal. Third, the study analyzes the effect of the media on improving students’ learning motivation, including learning interest, active participation, and persistence in understanding automotive materials. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach involving purposively selected students from the Automotive Engineering Education program. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess media feasibility and student responses. Data analysis consisted of a normality test, homogeneity test, and a t-test to identify significant differences between pre- and post-intervention learning outcomes. The results indicate that the developed learning media is feasible and effective, and has a positive impact on students’ learning motivation and learning outcomes at Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo.

The protection of suspects’ rights during the investigation phase is a fundamental component of a fair and effective criminal justice system. This study examines the implementation of the principle of due process of law in Indonesia and its implications for safeguarding human rights in criminal investigations. Utilizing a normative legal research approach, supported by statutory and conceptual analysis, the research evaluates both the legal framework and practical application of suspects’ rights under the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), the 1945 Constitution, and international human rights instruments such as the ICCPR. Findings indicate that while Indonesia has established comprehensive regulations to protect suspects, the practical implementation remains inconsistent due to structural, cultural, and procedural challenges. Deviations such as limited access to legal counsel, incomplete documentation of interrogations, and occasional coercive practices undermine adherence to due process standards. The study highlights the critical need for regulatory improvements, capacity building for investigators, and strengthened supervision mechanisms to ensure full protection of suspects’ rights. Enhancing the conformity of investigative practices with due process principles is essential not only for safeguarding individual rights but also for maintaining public trust and the integrity of the Indonesian criminal justice system.

This study aims to conduct a pilot evaluation of employee performance in the Raw Material Warehouse Section at PT. IKPP Serang Mill using a checklist-based performance appraisal model. Performance evaluation is a crucial aspect in ensuring the smooth operation of raw material warehouses, which involve a high level of occupational risk and have a direct impact on the continuity of the production process. The checklist method is applied because it integrates quantitative assessment through scoring results with qualitative evaluation in the form of behavioral feedback. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach supported by quantitative data obtained from performance assessments of ten employees holding various positions, including forklift operators, checkers, shift administrators, and shift supervisors. The results indicate that employee performance falls within a diverse spectrum, categorized as “performance” and “need to improve,” influenced by compliance with standard operating procedures (SOPs), work discipline, communication, and awareness of occupational health and safety (OHS). The findings also demonstrate that the checklist-based model is effective in identifying performance gaps and serves as a basis for formulating improvement actions such as coaching, OHS training, promotions, and administrative sanctions. This study concludes that the checklist model functions not only as an administrative evaluation tool but also as a strategic instrument for human resource development and sustainable organizational performance improvement.