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This study looks at the legal ramifications of changing the Republic of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution's articles pertaining to citizenship (UUD 1945). The complexity of citizenship issues has increased with globalization, especially when it comes to dual citizenship and the rights of Indonesians residing outside. This study is classified as doctrinal research since it examines legal sources to determine legal principles. The study finds that amendments to the UUD 1945 are necessary to better align Indonesia's citizenship policies with global developments. However, these changes must be carefully considered to protect human rights and maintain national loyalty and identity. Reforming Indonesia's citizenship laws should be done thoughtfully, with input from various stakeholders, to ensure the resulting policies are inclusive and adaptable to the current global context. This research aims to contribute significantly to the development of Indonesia's citizenship policies and to offer a foundation for policymakers in crafting regulations that are more responsive to global challenges.

Pancasila, as the foundation of the Indonesian state, plays an important role in the legal system, including in the context of anti-terrorism law. This study aims to explore how the principles of Pancasila function as pillars in the formation and implementation of anti-terrorism law in Indonesia. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review as the main method, which includes analysis of academic literature, legal documents, and interviews with legal experts. The results of the study indicate that the principles of Pancasila Belief in One Almighty God, Just and Civilized Humanity, Unity of Indonesia, Democracy Guided by the Wisdom of Deliberation and Representation, and Social Justice for All Indonesian People provide a moral and ideological framework underlying the creation and implementation of anti-terrorism law in Indonesia. Pancasila ensures that counter-terrorism efforts remain in accordance with the values ​​of humanity, social justice, and national unity. However, challenges such as potential human rights violations and abuse of authority need to be addressed to ensure that anti-terrorism law remains in line with the principles of Pancasila. This study recommends strengthening the enforcement of human rights, inclusiveness in policy making, and periodic evaluation and revision of anti-terrorism policies to improve their effectiveness and conformity to the country's core values.

Article 1 point 10 of Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning alternative dispute resolution, is a form of dispute resolution outside the court, including mediation. Alternative dispute resolution, the parties are assisted by a third party in resolving the dispute with a mediator. The alternative dispute resolution law provides a variety of non-litigation dispute resolution options. It should be emphasized that the option of dispute resolution with alternative dispute resolution is limited to disputes in the civil field. The purpose of this study is to determine the application of mediation through online dispute resolution in Indonesian laws and regulations as well as to find out the obstacles and challenges in the implementation of online dispute resolution mediation in an effort to resolve disputes in a non-litigation manner. The research method used is using the empirical juridical approach method, the research specification used in this study is descriptive analytical. The type of data in this study uses qualitative data while the data source uses primary data, namely interviews, observations, and secondary data, namely by studying the provisions of laws and regulations, other regulations, researching principles, conceptions, views, doctrines, and legal rules through books, journals, papers, and research results, the results of data analysis to answer problem issues. Conclusion The application of mediation through Online Dispute Resoution in laws and regulations in Indonesia is regulated in Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Court. Article 5 paragraph (3) of PERMA Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Court. The obstacles to the implementation of Online Dispute Resolution depend on the good faith of the parties and the equipment used. Mediation is difficult to reach an agreement if the parties do not provide information clearly and transparently, and are constrained by the equipment used. 

The Presidential Threshold is a rule that sets the minimum threshold percentage of votes that a political party is required to achieve, in order to nominate or carry presidential and vice presidential candidates in the election contestation. This system is designed to filter out candidates who are considered qualified, the hope is that only candidates with high electability levels can run. However, its implementation is often a source of controversy because it is considered to hamper potential candidates from small parties or independents who may have quality, but are less known to the public. As a result, the dominance of major parties in the presidential candidacy limits people's choices and does not reflect the existing political diversity. In the Indonesian system of government, where the president and the DPR are independent institutions, the Presidential threshold system is considered incompatible with the principles of inclusive and representative democracy. This provision was first implemented through Article 5 paragraph (5) of Law Number 23 Year 2003 on the General Election of the President and Vice President, and has continued to be used in subsequent presidential elections. This article focuses on the effectiveness of the Presidential Threshold in the Indonesian political context and its impact on political participation, democratic representation, and constitutional law.

This study discusses the implementation of Sharia values in the production process of the small-medium enterprise (SME) "Tempe Kupas Kulit Mbah Anik," a business established in 1978 on Jln. Mangaan 1 gg. Ali, owned by Siti Nurhayani with four employees. Sharia principles in business practices, such as honesty, cleanliness, and fairness, serve as essential foundations for managing a food-related business. This research aims to examine the application of Sharia values at every stage of production, from raw material selection and processing to product distribution. The study uses a qualitative approach, collecting data through interviews and direct observation. The findings reveal that Sharia values are consistently applied in the SME's production processes, particularly in the selection of halal, high-quality raw materials, maintaining cleanliness in production, and treating employees fairly. The implications of this study suggest that implementing Sharia principles in SMEs has the potential to enhance consumer trust and foster sustainable and ethical business development. This study is expected to inspire other SMEs to incorporate Sharia principles in their operational practices.

Grant funds are a potential financial instrument in supporting social, educational, and religious development. In the perspective of Islamic economics, grant fund management has a spiritual dimension that emphasizes sincerity, sustainability, and broad benefits for the community. This study aims to identify effective strategies in managing grant funds in accordance with sharia principles. The research method uses a qualitative approach through literature analysis. The results of the study indicate that the principles of transparency, efficiency, productive empowerment, and sharia supervision are key factors for success in managing grant funds. This strategy not only has a significant impact on beneficiaries, but also strengthens public trust in grant fund management institutions.

This research focuses on the application of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) based investments in Indonesia, which emerged in response to the increasing global awareness of environmental and sustainability issues. While ESG in Indonesia is growing, many companies have yet to fully adopt these principles effectively, and there are epistemological challenges in understanding and translating ESG standards into the local policy context. The purpose of this research is to deeply analyze the concept and implementation of ESG-based investment from an epistemological perspective in Indonesian public policy. This research wants to identify the extent to which the Indonesian government understands and utilizes ESG-related information in investment policy and evaluate the effectiveness of the policy. The type of research is descriptive quantitative using a philosophical approach with literature study as a secondary data source, including policy documents, government reports, and academic publications related to ESG. The data is explored using concept analysis and existing theories to assess the application of ESG in economic policy. The findings show that although Indonesia has ESG-related policies, their implementation is often influenced by international pressure and legitimacy needs rather than real impact on sustainability. ESG policies in Indonesia also risk becoming a tool of “greenwashing,” where companies use it for image without concrete actions. This research recommends increased transparency and accountability in ESG reporting for such policies to deliver substantial change.

This study aims to compare the bankruptcy application procedures between State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) and Regional-Owned Enterprises (BUMD). Bankruptcy is a condition that significantly impacts economic stability, both nationally and regionally. In this case, both types of enterprises are regulated by different regulations but with similar underlying principles. Therefore, this research examines the differences and similarities in bankruptcy procedures for BUMN and BUMD, as well as the authority each possesses in the bankruptcy application process. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of harmonizing regulations governing bankruptcy procedures to ensure the coherence of the prevailing legal system. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. This research reveals that although there are similarities in objectives, significant procedural differences require adjustments to create uniformity and legal certainty in resolving bankruptcy issues for both types of enterprises.

This research aims to analyze the role of sharia economics in the management of social media-based Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM). The development of information technology, especially social media, has opened up new opportunities for MSMEs to access wider markets. However, amidst the dynamics of the digital market, the application of sharia economic principles in managing social media-based MSMEs is very important to maintain business sustainability and ensure fair and transparent transactions.. By implementing business models such as mudharabah and musyarakah, social media-based UMKM can optimize financing potential without dependence on interest, as well as strengthen relationships with customers through ethical transactions. The research results show that the application of sharia economics in managing social media-based MSMEs not only improves business performance, but also has a positive impact on brand strengthening, customer loyalty and social empowerment. However, the main challenge in implementing sharia economics in social media-based MSMEs lies in the limited education and understanding among business actors.      

This research aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy on decisions to use sharia pawnshop products. Financial literacy is an important factor that influences individuals in making financial decisions, including choosing sharia-based financial products. In this context, sharia pawnshops are one of the financial institutions that offer financing solutions according to sharia principles. This study uses a quantitative method with a survey approach to sharia pawnshop customers. Data were analyzed using linear regression to measure the relationship between the level of financial literacy and the decision to use sharia pawnshop products. The research results show that financial literacy has a significant influence on customers' decisions in using sharia pawnshop products. The higher the customer's financial literacy, the more likely they are to choose sharia pawnshop products as a financing solution. These findings underline the importance of financial education in increasing community participation in using sharia financial services. The results of the study indicate that simultaneously the variables of financial knowledge, financial management skills, and attitudes towards Islamic finance together have a significant influence on the decision to use Islamic Pawnshop products. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicate that financial knowledge, skills and financial management have a significant effect on the decision to use Islamic Pawnshop products. Increasing financial knowledge, skills and financial management will increase the decision to use Islamic Pawnshop products.  

Islamic boarding school as a development of knowledge about Islamic teachings. Knowledge and in-depth understanding of halal principles in production and consumption in accordance with Islamic law. Halal literacy is very important to ensure that products in circulation comply with halal regulations. Bangkalan is one of the districts on the island of Madura, which is famous for its strong Islamic culture, and the many Islamic boarding schools which play an important role in social life and community education, where many Islamic boarding schools are a challenge in implementing halal principles for the environment around Islamic boarding schools. With the development of halal literacy, the aim is to increase understanding and application of halal principles through various education and training programs, outreach and other activities. This research focuses on the contribution of Islamic boarding schools in developing halal literacy at Islamic boarding schools in Bangkalan. Halal literacy includes a deep understanding of products and services that comply with Islamic law. The aim of this research is to identify forms of Islamic boarding school contribution in developing halal literacy in Bangkalan Regency. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide new insights to increase the role of Islamic boarding schools in strengthening halal literacy in society. This research uses a qualitative approach with a study method that focuses on several Islamic boarding schools in Bangkalan Regency which are considered to have a significant role in developing halal literacy. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with Islamic boarding school caregivers, students and other relevant parties, as well as through direct observation of activities related to halal literacy.

The main objective of this research is to analyse the extent of the application of sharia accounting in the management of zakat in zakat institutions. This research uses a qualitative approach with literature study as the main method. The qualitative approach was chosen because it allows to deeply explore abstract concepts such as Islamic accounting, zakat, and financial management, as well as their interconnections. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that Islamic accounting has a crucial relationship and role in the management of zakat. The application of sharia principles such as al-amana, al-adl, and al-khas in zakat accounting not only ensures transparent and accountable fund management, but also increases public trust in zakat institutions. Good accounting practices such as segregation of funds, preparation of transparent financial statements, and independent audits are key in realising effective and efficient zakat management.

This study aims to analyze the comparison between unlawful acts (PMH) in criminal law and civil law in Indonesia, focusing on the differences in definitions and the elements that constitute unlawful acts in both legal systems, as well as the implications of the application of PMH in each field of law. The research method used is normative juridical, with legislative and conceptual approaches to examine the provisions in the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the Civil Code (KUHPer). This study identifies fundamental differences in objectives, sanctions, and legal subjects involved, as well as their impact on individual and societal interests. The research findings show that although there are similarities in the basic principles regulating PMH, significant differences lie in the nature of the sanctions imposed, where criminal law emphasizes prevention and punishment, while civil law focuses on compensation and recovery of losses. This research provides insights into how these two legal systems complement each other in maintaining justice and order in Indonesia.

An agreement according to article 1313 of the Civil Code explains that "An agreement is an act in which one or more persons bind themselves to one or more other persons". Which in this case is an agreement according to K.R.M.T Tirtodiningrat, an agreement is a legal act based on an agreement between two or more parties, which as a result of the law can be fulfilled by the provisions of the applicable law. A sale and purchase agreement is an agreement in which one party binds himself to hand over an object and the other party to pay the price of the object that has been agreed.  This research is entitled "The Application of the Principle of Consensualism in the Peanut Sale and Purchase Agreement in Taman Village, Jrengik District, Sampang Regency". The purpose of this study is to find out how the principle of consensualism is applied in the peanut purchase and sale agreement in Taman Village and what are the legal consequences that will be obtained for parties who violate the principle of consensualism in the peanut purchase and sale agreement in Taman Village, Jrengik District, Sampang Regency. Thus the study uses empirical research methods. This research method is an approach that prioritizes the use of real evidence and in-depth observation as the basis for his research work. In the results of observations that have been made by researchers on the application of the principle of consensualism of peanut buying and selling agreements in Taman Village, Jrengik District, Sampang Regency, as the times go by, many residents have applied the principle of consensualism in the buying and selling process.

That every decision issued and/or action taken by state administration officials must be based on statutory regulations and General Principles of Good Government (AAUPB). In accordance with Article 9 paragraph (1) of Law no. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, but in practice there are still many government officials who abuse their authority, therefore the existence of PTUN is a tool of control over government actions as well as a medium for the public to seek justice for government actions. Where the Ptun has the authority to resolve TUN disputes, as well as provide legal protection to the community for legal actions taken by the government through the PTUN. This research uses normative research using a conceptual and statutory approach. The legal materials used are: primary legal materials in the form of statutory regulations, secondary legal materials in the form of books, journals, articles and other legal doctrines. The legal material collection technique uses descriptive analysis. It can be concluded that the role of Ptun is in providing legal protection to citizens against detrimental administrative decisions, namely through supervision, giving administrative sanctions to government officials who do not implement court decisions, up to the execution of court decisions in the form of revoking government decisions.

This study examines the concepts and characteristics of Islamic architecture applied to pesantren buildings in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive method through comprehensive literature study, this research analyzes how Islamic architectural principles adapt and synergize with local architecture in the context of traditional to modern pesantren. The findings show that pesantren architecture in Indonesia is a unique manifestation of the fusion of Islamic values with local culture, reflected in seven key elements: the practice of Islam as a way of life, qibla orientation, the concept of hijab, interiors supporting Islamic values, Islamic decorative arts, Islamic values in protection, and the design of dormitories supporting the development of Islamic awareness. The evolution of pesantren architecture has led to various typologies, ranging from traditional to modern forms, each reflecting the adaptation of Islamic architectural principles to the needs of education and the progression of time. This study reveals that despite significant design evolution, pesantren continue to uphold the essence of fundamental Islamic architectural values in every aspect of their design. 

Religious beliefs and culture cannot be separated from one another because religion exists within a particular culture, and local culture influences religion. Although religion is supposed to encourage humanity to create peace and prosperity on Earth, it has instead become one of the factors causing violence and the destruction of humanity, necessitating actions to prevent these issues from arising. Christian Religious Education (PAK) has an educational, social, and participatory role in the life of a pluralistic society. Essentially, PAK is an effective learning medium to instill Christian principles in every member of the church, serving as a foundation for their existence in society. The method used in the writing of this paper is a descriptive qualitative method.

This study aims to examine the role of Islamic accounting in the muamalah perspective as an important instrument in promoting sustainable economic growth. Islamic accounting, which is based on the principles of fairness, transparency, and benefit, plays a role not only in recording financial transactions, but also in ensuring business practices are in accordance with Islamic law. In the context of muamalah, principles such as the prohibition of riba, gharar, and maisir encourage the creation of a fair and stable economic system. This research uses the literature review method by analyzing relevant theories and previous research. The results of the study show that the implementation of Islamic accounting not only provides benefits for business people, but also contributes to sustainable development goals, such as poverty reduction, social welfare improvement, and environmental preservation. Thus, the application of Islamic accounting in muamalah practice can be a holistic solution to realize sustainable and equitable economic growth.

This article examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on human rights, focusing on issues such as discrimination, transparency, and accountability. The research analyzes AI applications in areas like law enforcement, employment, and social media, evaluating how AI can both enhance and threaten human rights. The study calls for the development of AI regulations that uphold human rights principles and prevent misuse.

Geoboard digital as an interactive educational tool to impart the principles of geometry in elementary school mathematics education. The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of integrating geoboardDigital as an interactive learning medium for teaching geometry concepts in elementary school, while also evaluating the impact of its usage on students' comprehension and visualization skills in geometry. Additionally, it aims to compare the effectiveness of geoboardDigital with traditional methodologies in geometry education, as well as assess student response and engagement levels when utilizing geoboardDigital. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, this research delves into how the integration of technology such as geoboardDigital enhances understanding and student engagement in geometry education. Data collection is carried out through observation, interviews, and field notes, with data triangulation methods utilized for analysis. The findings of this study demonstrate that the application of geoboardDigital effectively enhances students' visualization and comprehension of geometric concepts through its interactive functionalities. Interview results indicate that students find geoboardDigital to be easily accessible and engaging, particularly in creating geometric shapes using pins and virtual ribbons.