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This study aims to determine the values of gender equality in Daarussholah Pesantren-Based Junior High School (BP), the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in internalizing it, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in the process. This research uses a qualitative approach with a field method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation with the main informants, namely PAI teachers, students, and principals. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model which includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The results showed that Daarussholah Pesantren-Based Junior High School has attempted to implement gender equality values through policies that support equal rights and opportunities between male and female students, both in learning, leadership, and extracurricular activities. These values include justice, equality, and freedom of expression without gender restrictions. PAI teachers play an important role as educators and role models, conveying these values through teaching, social interaction and support for the school's inclusive policies. Supporting factors for the internalization of these values are the progressive school policies and the diversity of the teaching staff. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is the immaturity of students' emotional intelligence.

This study aims to describe and analyze the representation of Indonesian culture in Fiersa Besari's novel Arah Langkah using Roland Barthes' semiotic approach. This novel presents the narrative of the journey of the novel's characters who discover the diversity of Indonesian culture through geographical descriptions, customs, and social interactions that occur. Using descriptive qualitative methods and literature studies, the study examines the cultural signs that appear in the text in depth at the level of denotative, connotative, and cultural myth meanings. Barthes' approach allows the disclosure of layers of symbolic and ideological meanings hidden in the novel's cultural representation. The results of the analysis are expected to enrich literary and cultural studies, increase readers' appreciation of Indonesian cultural values, and contribute to the preservation of the nation's cultural identity amidst the flow of globalization. This study also emphasizes the role of the novel as a medium for reflecting socio-cultural life and a means of learning life values through the experiences of characters in the story.

The church is not merely a place of worship; it is a community of believers who share a divine responsibility to help one another grow spiritually. In Indonesia, a nation rich in religious and cultural diversity, the church can serve as a strategic agent of both spiritual and social transformation. This paper explores the church’s holistic responsibility in fostering the spiritual growth of its members through intentional discipleship, character formation, biblical teaching, and mission-oriented leadership. Emphasis is placed on the importance of building a contextual and transformative discipleship model, especially in addressing current social challenges, particularly those related to the younger generation. A nurturing church will encourage its members to embody the values of Christ, becoming agents of change, sources of hope, and witnesses of God’s love among others. By fulfilling this calling, the church makes the Kingdom of God present in the world.  

Indonesia's cosmetics industry has experienced rapid growth, leading to heightened competition and necessitating consumer-oriented marketing strategies. Jelita Cosmetic Store, located on Mayjend HR. Muhammad Street in Surabaya, faces these challenges by focusing on key marketing aspects such as Store Atmosphere, Sales Promotion, and Product Diversity. This study aims to examine the influence of Store Atmosphere, Sales Promotion, and Product Diversity on consumer purchasing decisions at the aforementioned store. A quantitative research method was employed, involving 100 respondents through an online questionnaire. The findings indicate that all three variables significantly affect purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously. These results underscore the importance of integrated marketing strategies in enhancing customer loyalty and increasing sales. This research is expected to serve as a reference for cosmetic retail practitioners and encourages future studies to include additional variables such as price, service quality, or brand image to provide a more comprehensive understanding of consumer purchasing behavior.

This study aims to explore the role of mindfulness in supporting maternal well-being. It adopts a qualitative research approach through a systematic literature review. The data used are secondary sources obtained from a variety of scientific materials, including indexed national and international journal articles, academic books, research reports, dissertations, theses, and official publications from related institutions. Scientific journal articles published between 2020 and 2025 are collected from leading databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Recent literature highlights mindfulness as a promising intervention to improve maternal well-being during pregnancy. It offers psychological benefits, supports physiological regulation, and strengthens the bond between mother and baby. mindfulness as a promising intervention to improve maternal well-being during pregnancy. It offers psychological relief, physiological regulation, and a stronger mother-baby connection. However, more rigorous, inclusive, and long-term research is needed to fully understand this potential and optimize its application in prenatal care. Although the benefits of mindfulness during pregnancy are promising, there are limitations in the amount of research currently available. Many studies rely on self-reported measures, which may be susceptible to bias. Sample sizes are often small and may lack diversity in terms of race, socioeconomic status, or previous mental health conditions. In addition, not all mindfulness interventions are standardized, which makes it difficult to compare results across different studies.

This literature study examines the influence of Product Variants on Purchasing Decisions on Food products. Product Variants are one of several important aspects that manufacturers need to consider when making a product, because product variants play a role in providing a choice for consumers, product variants mean that each product produced by the company has various styles or categories. Product diversity is assessed based on two factors: product line diversity and differences in packaging size. Product line diversity indicates differences in characteristics such as brands, flavors, or ingredients. Packaging size diversity refers to differences in the amount found in a package. Having various styles or categories. Product diversity is assessed based on two factors: product line diversity and differences in packaging size. Product line diversity indicates differences in characteristics such as brands, flavors, or ingredients. Packaging size diversity refers to differences in the amount found in a package. This literature study aims to analyze and synthesize previous research findings regarding the role of product variants on purchasing decisions and identify other factors that influence product variants on food purchasing decision making. This study was conducted using a literature review method that analyzed various related sources. The results obtained from this study indicate that product variants have a positive and significant influence on food purchasing decision making.

Learners are continually faced with choosing appropriate courses or making career choices due to increased educational opportunities. The emergence of machine learning-based course and career recommender systems has the potential to address this issue, offering personalized course recommendations tailored to individual learning pathways, preferences, and learning history. The optimization and feature engineering techniques and practical deployment environments have not been collectively examined in the previous research, despite the significant advancements in this area of research. Furthermore, previous research has rarely synthesized how these technical components help students choose appropriate courses and careers. This systematic review was carried out to investigate the current state of machine learning-based course and career recommender systems, focusing on key elements, such as primary data sources, feature engineering methods, algorithms, optimization techniques, evaluation metrics, and the environments where the existing course recommendation models are deployed. The PRISMA method for conducting a systematic review was used to choose studies that met the requirements for inclusion and exclusion. The study findings show significant reliance on interpretable and traditional machine learning algorithms, such as K-Nearest Neighbor and Random Forest, to develop recommender models. Feature engineering remains basic, as most studies rely on normalization, while optimization processes are often underreported. Also, evaluation metrics varied widely, impeding comparability, while most of the recommender models are deployed in an e-learning environment, leaving the traditional learning environment underrepresented. Furthermore, the study findings identified issues including data sparsity and diversity, data security and privacy, and changes in learner preferences that may have an impact on the performance of recommender systems while recommending further studies to make use of standardized optimization methods, and automated domain-informed feature engineering frameworks, benchmark and annotated datasets in developing models the gives priority to learners’ success and educational relevance.

Indonesia, as a multicultural archipelagic country, has a big challenge in maintaining the integrity of the nation's unity. Ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity is a wealth and a potential for conflict if not managed properly. This article aims to examine how national integration can strengthen the integrity of the Indonesian nation as well as the factors that affect the success of the process. Through the literature review method, this article analyzes the concepts, theories, and determinants of national integration. The results of the study show that national integration plays an important role in strengthening national identity, minimizing social conflicts, and maintaining political stability. Therefore, synergy between elements of the nation is the key to strengthening unity in globalization and global challeng

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of gender diversity, stock bonus compensation, and financial expertise of independent commissioners on earnings management in manufacturing companies in Indonesia for the period 2018-2022. This study uses secondary data obtained through the annual financial reports of manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the period 2018-2022. This study is a quantitative study with sampling using the purposive sampling method and obtaining 135 research sample data. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS software version 27. The results of this study indicate that the Board of Directors Gender Diversity variable has a significant positive effect on earnings management. The Stock Bonus Compensation variable has a significant negative effect on earnings management. Meanwhile, the Independent Commissioner Financial Expertise variable has a positive but insignificant effect on earnings management.

This study examines various proactive and reactive classroom management strategies and approaches to create a conducive learning environment. Effective classroom management is crucial for minimizing disruptions, enhancing student engagement, and supporting their academic and socio-emotional development. The literature review covers preventive measures such as establishing clear expectations and routines, building positive teacher-student relationships, and creating physically and emotionally safe learning spaces. Additionally, reactive strategies for addressing disruptive behaviors—including verbal and non-verbal interventions, conflict resolution, and de-escalation techniques—are discussed. The study emphasizes the importance of consistent, fair, and culturally responsive approaches tailored to student diversity and needs. The analysis reveals that the effectiveness of approaches such as authoritative, democratic, and behavioral modification varies depending on the context, with recommendations to flexibly combine multiple methods. Challenges like student heterogeneity, limited facilities, and teacher preparedness are identified, along with innovative solutions such as differentiated instruction and technology integration.

This research analyzes the Constitutional Court Decision Number 62/PPU-XXII/2024 regarding the constitutionality of the presidential threshold and its implications for the development of inclusive democracy in Indonesia. Using a juridical-normative and conceptual approach, this study examines the presidential threshold provisions as regulated in Article 222 of Law Number 7 of 2017 on General Elections from the perspective of inclusive democracy theory and electoral systems. The results show that the Constitutional Court affirmed the constitutionality of the presidential threshold as an open legal policy of the legislators, while also noting that lawmakers should reconsider the threshold percentage in future revisions of the Election Law. This research identifies a tension between two equally important democratic values: government effectiveness and political representation. On one hand, the presidential threshold can strengthen the presidential system by encouraging political party consolidation and creating more stable governance. On the other hand, this provision potentially limits political inclusivity by reducing the diversity of choices for voters and restricting opportunities for small or new political parties to nominate presidential and vice-presidential candidates independently. This study concludes that to realize a more inclusive democracy following the Constitutional Court Decision, further efforts are needed to reform the electoral system, strengthen political parties, enhance political education, and develop innovations in political participation.

Inclusive education is an approach that emphasizes equality and diversity in the learning process, including providing equal learning opportunities for students with special needs. This study aims to see the role of teachers and peers in supporting the smooth learning of students. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that the role of teachers is very important in creating effective learning according to the needs of all students, students use instant transcription applications to follow the learning. On the other hand, the role of friends also plays a very important role in building an inclusive environment through communication with sign language and positive social interactions, with the determination of those who are trying to learn sign language. Collaboration between teachers and peers can provide emotional and academic support that encourages all students to excel. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between all parties in order to realize effective and equitable inclusive education.

This study aims to analyze the effect of gender diversity in the board of directors and the presence of an audit committee on the level of integrated reporting disclosure in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2023 period. The study uses companies' annual reports as secondary data and applies multiple linear regression for analysis. The results show that both gender diversity and the audit committee have a positive and significant effect on integrated reporting disclosure. These findings support agency theory, which posits that sound corporate governance enhances transparency and reporting accountability. This research contributes theoretically to the literature on integrated reporting and offers practical implications for companies in formulating more sustainable and informative reporting strategies.

The strategy of developing tourism in Gunung Anyar Mangrove Botanical Garden in improving the sustainability of the ecosystem and the economy of SMEs in Surabaya, East Java has been carried out well by the mangrove tourism manager. The manager of the Gunung Anyar Mangrove Botanical Garden continues to make efforts to develop the area sustainably, including by increasing the diversity of the mangrove ecosystem and empowering Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) who are active in tourism activities. This study examines the strategies implemented in the management of the Gunung Anyar Mangrove Botanical Garden, especially related to the preservation of the mangrove ecosystem and the role of MSMEs in attracting visitors. The purpose of this study was to identify the strategy for developing the tourism ecosystem in the Gunung Anyar Mangrove Botanical Garden in the future and to analyze the role of MSMEs in increasing the number of tourists visiting their business locations. The results of the study showed that the strategy for developing tourism in the Gunung Anyar Mangrove Botanical Garden utilizes the advantages it has to maximize existing opportunities, while overcoming shortcomings and facing emerging challenges in order to support the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem and increasing the role of MSMEs in attracting tourists.

Lake Sentani is an important ecosystem icon in Papua Province and plays a role in supporting social, economic, and ecological activities for the local community. Based on the Jayapura Regency Spatial Plan (RTRW) 2008-2028, Lake Sentani is categorized as a leading tourist attraction and main destination in Jayapura. This lake has great ecotourism potential, not only because of its natural charm, but also because of the aesthetic value of the historical heritage and the diversity of fauna found in the area. Ecotourism development can support conservation efforts while providing a significant direct economic impact on the local community, by considering three important aspects in its management, namely ecological, economic, and resource aspects. Sustainable ecotourism development in Lake Sentani will affect the interaction between the local community and the tourist area. This research was conducted in the Lake Sentani tourist destination area, Jayapura Regency, from April to May 2025. Data were obtained by conducting direct observations in the field, collecting documentation, distributing questionnaires, and conducting interviews to collect information about nature-based tourist attractions, supporting facilities, as well as community views and visitor interests. The data obtained were then analyzed using the SWOT approach to develop a strategic plan to advance ecotourism in the Lake Sentani area. Findings from the analysis indicate that the most appropriate strategy to implement is the SO (strengths and opportunities) strategy, on the grounds that the available ecotourism resources have great opportunities but have not been fully optimized.

Indonesia is widely recognized as a diverse country with differences in ethnicity, religion, culture, and language. This diversity, while being a national strength, can also create social tension if not properly managed. In this context, Pancasila plays an essential role as a guiding principle in maintaining social harmony. This study aims to explore how Pancasila contributes to creating harmony within Indonesia’s diverse society. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach through a literature review of recent academic sources. The findings indicate that the values of tolerance, unity, and social justice embedded in Pancasila are still relevant and influential in shaping harmonious social interactions. However, in reality, the implementation of these values has not been fully optimal, especially due to the influence of globalization and the rapid development of digital technology. This study suggests that strengthening Pancasila-based education and increasing public awareness are necessary to maintain social balance. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed so that the values of Pancasila remain alive and practiced in everyday life.

Palm oil is one of the plantation commodities that is growing rapidly in Indonesia, with a total sales area of ​​11,672,861 ha in 2016. Clearing land for oil palm plantations is often carried out by converting forest land into plantation land. This activity has the impact of deforestation and is a serious threat. For biodiversity in Indonesia, orangutans are no exception. Orangutans are one of the animals that, based on the Assessment Information issued by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources), orangutans are expected to be converted to Critically Endangered status in 2016. In the context of protecting orangutan habitat in Indonesia. Clearing of land for oil palm plantations is based on the instruments regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and within the principles regulated in Minister of Agriculture Regulation Number 19 of 2011 concerning guidelines for oil palm plantations

The mangrove ecosystem is an ecosystem that has a very high ecological value. This ecosystem can protect the coastline from abrasion, serve as a habitat for various marine biota, and store a vast biodiversity. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potential of the mangrove ecosystem in Bagan Serdang Village, Pantai Labu District, and to identify the challenges of utilizing the mangrove ecosystem in Bagan Serdang Village, Pantai Labu District. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method by conducting direct observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of this research indicate that the mangrove potential in Bagan Serdang Village is quite good; however, the community has not fully understood the benefits of the mangrove forest due to limited knowledge, community awareness, and the lack of training and outreach provided by the local government and related agencies.

The design of banknotes is not merely an aesthetic element but also holds symbolic meanings that reflect a nation's identity, history, and cultural diversity. This study analyzes the design of the 2022 Rupiah banknotes using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic approach, which consists of icons, indexes, and symbols, through a qualitative descriptive method. The findings indicate that the visual elements in these banknotes function not only as a medium of exchange but also as a visual communication tool that strengthens nationalism and cultural awareness. National heroes, traditional dances, indigenous flora, and natural landscapes featured on each denomination carry both explicit and implicit meanings that represent Indonesia's historical and cultural values. Furthermore, the design differences between the 2016 and 2022 emissions, such as the use of more vivid colors, varied sizes, and enhanced security features, highlight the government's visual communication strategy to maintain authenticity and facilitate Rupiah identification. This study provides insights into how banknote design serves as an educational medium and a unifying tool for the nation through meaningful visual symbols.

This study aims to examine the role of ecotourism in mangrove conservation and its appeal to tourists at Mangrove Beach Paluh Getah, Deli Serdang Regency. A qualitative approach was used, with data collected through direct observation and interviews with local communities and visitors. The findings indicate that ecotourism plays a significant role in rehabilitating mangrove ecosystems by engaging both residents and tourists in regular mangrove planting activities. Moreover, ecotourism positively impacts local livelihoods by promoting sustainable businesses such as tour guiding services and mangrove-based products. The natural beauty, biodiversity, and educational tourism programs serve as key attractions for visitors. Local communities actively manage the area through tourism awareness groups and cooperatives, enhancing both social and economic sustainability. However, challenges remain, including limited facilities and insufficient promotion. Therefore, sustainable development strategies involving collaboration between communities, the government, and the private sector are essential. Ecotourism at Paluh Getah Mangrove Beach holds great potential as a model for coastal area management that integrates conservation and community empowerment.