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Multicultural education offers hope in addressing various social tensions that have emerged in recent times, as it is an educational approach that consistently upholds values, beliefs, heterogeneity, plurality, and diversity in all aspects of education. This study aims to describe the implementation of multicultural inclusive learning in developing students’ moral character and to identify the challenges of its implementation at MIN 2 Gunungkidul Yogyakarta. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, teachers, and students as sources of information. The data were analyzed through data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification. The findings show that multicultural inclusive learning was implemented through the habituation of the 5S values (smiling, greeting, addressing, politeness, and courtesy), inclusive classroom arrangement for students with special needs, and the strengthening of discipline, responsibility, independence, care, and religious activities within the madrasah environment. These practices contributed to a warmer learning atmosphere, acceptance of differences, and social interaction between regular students and students with special needs. The main challenges included the limited availability of special assistant teachers, teachers’ limited competence in handling students with special needs, and insufficient inclusive learning facilities

Bankruptcy can no longer be understood solely as a mechanism for liquidating assets to meet debtor obligations, but has evolved into a restructuring instrument that directly impacts corporate governance and stakeholder protection. This study aims to analyze how bankruptcy functions as a corporate restructuring mechanism, how this process influences the redistribution of power in corporate governance, and the extent to which the bankruptcy legal system provides balanced protection for various stakeholders. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and limited comparative approach. The analysis is conducted on the provisions of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and PKPU (Investment Suspension) and regulations related to corporate governance, combined with theoretical studies on fiduciary duty, stakeholder theory, and the corporate rescue paradigm. The results illustrate that bankruptcy functions as a governance restructuring mechanism that transfers control from the board of directors to the curator and creditor forum, thereby creating a redistribution of power within the company. The dominant creditor primacy orientation has the potential to create an imbalance in protection for non-creditor stakeholders, including workers and other economically impacted parties. These conditions indicate the need for normative reconstruction, including redefining fiduciary obligations during the insolvency phase, strengthening stakeholder protection, and harmonizing corporate governance principles with the insolvency law regime. This research is expected to contribute academically to the development of a bankruptcy model that is not solely focused on debt resolution but also considers aspects of business sustainability and substantive justice in modern corporate governance.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has created various digital innovations, but it has also generated new forms of crime through the misuse of deepfake technology. This study aims to analyze the legal liability of social media platforms for the dissemination of AI-based deepfake content and the forms of legal protection for victims of digital fraud, particularly elderly groups, in the case of the “magical money ritual” scam using the identity of Ujang Busthomi. This research employs normative legal research methods using statutory and case approaches. The results show that perpetrators of deepfake fraud can be held criminally liable under Article 28 paragraph (1) in conjunction with Article 45A paragraph (1) of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and Article 378 of the Indonesian Criminal Code concerning fraud. In addition, social media platforms as Electronic System Providers also bear preventive and repressive responsibilities under the ITE Law, Government Regulation on Electronic Systems and Transactions, and the Personal Data Protection Law to prevent the spread of illegal content. Legal protection for victims is carried out through criminal law enforcement, personal data protection, restitution mechanisms, and the enhancement of digital literacy in society.

In contemporary legal systems, social conflict between the state and indigenous communities is a complicated matter, especially when it comes to the acknowledgement and defense of indigenous peoples' rights to land, natural resources, and cultural identity. Indigenous peoples' rights, which before the establishment of the modern state, are frequently disregarded by imbalances in official policies that prioritize development interests. In this context, legal reconciliation is a relevant approach to resolving these conflicts in a just and sustainable manner. Legal reconciliation emphasizes the integration of customary law into the national legal system and the harmonization of state policies and the interests of indigenous peoples to create a more inclusive legal order. The study of legal standards relevant to resolving disputes between the state and indigenous peoples is the main emphasis of this research, which employs a normative juridical approach. The approach used in this research includes an analysis of national legislation, international legal instruments related to indigenous peoples' rights, and relevant legal doctrines. Using a statute approach and a conceptual approach, this research explores how legal reconciliation can be implemented in resolving social conflicts. Furthermore, this research highlights the role of legal principles such as restorative justice, legal pluralism, and recognition of indigenous peoples' rights in developing more effective conflict resolution mechanisms. This analysis is expected to establish a strong legal foundation for promoting more inclusive and socially just legal policies for indigenous peoples.

This article examines the use of cooperative learning strategies in Christian Religious Education (CRE) as an instructional approach that emphasizes the strengthening of students’ faith and Christian character. The discussion covers the definition, objectives, conceptual foundations, principles, and operational procedures of cooperative learning, which are then connected to the theological goals of CRE. The study employs a qualitative approach using a library research method, analyzing pedagogical and theological literature to construct a conceptual framework for implementing cooperative learning within the context of CRE. The findings indicate that cooperative learning strategies are highly aligned with the essence of CRE, as they foster dialogical interaction, shared responsibility, empathy, and the internalization of Gospel values through collaborative learning processes. The effective implementation of this strategy can create a participatory, reflective, and formative learning community that enhances not only cognitive understanding but also students’ attitudes, spirituality, and Christian character. This research is significant in providing both theoretical and practical foundations for CRE educators in designing learning experiences that are relevant, relational, and transformative in accordance with the goals of faith formation.

Introduction: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome caused by the inability of the heart to pump blood adequately to meet the body's metabolic demands. This condition may result in dyspnea, edema, activity intolerance, fatigue, and reduced quality of life. Comprehensive nursing care is essential to address patients' needs and improve health outcomes. Methods: This study employed a descriptive case study approach. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, and medical record review. Nursing care was provided using the nursing process, including assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Results: The assessment of Mrs. T identified four nursing diagnoses: ineffective breathing pattern, hypervolemia, activity intolerance, and knowledge deficit. Nursing interventions included semi-Fowler positioning, fluid balance monitoring, passive Range of Motion (ROM) exercises, and health education. Following two days of nursing implementation, three nursing diagnoses were resolved, namely ineffective breathing pattern, activity intolerance, and knowledge deficit. Hypervolemia was partially resolved due to persistent fluid imbalance. Discussion: The findings indicate that the application of systematic nursing care can improve several clinical problems experienced by CHF patients. However, fluid balance management remains a challenge, highlighting the importance of patient adherence to fluid restriction and continuous monitoring to prevent worsening symptoms.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common type of hemorrhhagic stroke and a leading cause of death and disability in Indonesia. The prevalence of stroke in Indonesia reached 0.83% in 2023, with ICH cases at RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency recording 203 cases in 2024 and increasing significantly to 304 cases in 2025. This study aims to describe comprehensive nursing care for a patient with Intracerebral Hemorrhage. The method used was descriptive narrative through a nursing process approach. Nursing assessment of Ny. S (73 years old) revealed subjective data including headache, nausea and vomiting, and weakness in the left hand and foot, while objective data showed blood pressure 180/80 mmHg, MAP 113.3 mmHg, muscle strength of left extremities 2/2, and CT scan results showing a hyperdense lesion (volume 17.17 cc) with perifocal edema in the right thalamus and right corona, partially filling the ventricular system. Four nursing diagnoses were established: decreased intracranial adaptive capacity related to cerebral edema, impaired physical mobility related to decreased muscle strength, knowledge deficit related to lack of information exposure, and risk of falls. Nursing interventions included intracranial pressure management, mobilization support, health education, and fall prevention. After three days of nursing implementation, three nursing diagnoses were resolved, while impaired physical mobility was partially resolved, resulting in discharge planning recommendations including ROM exercises, gradual mobilization, and family involvement in patient care.

Background: Schizophrenia is a type of mental disorder that affects how sufferers behave, think, and feel. This condition can trigger nursing problems such as low self-esteem (harga diri rendah). In 2023, approximately 970 million people worldwide experience mental disorders, with schizophrenia prevalence in Indonesia reaching 3 per 1,000 households and in Central Java approximately 5.1% of households. Methods: This study used a descriptive approach in the form of a case study through the nursing process, including observation, interview, documentation study, and literature review. The general objective of this writing was to implement psychiatric nursing care for Ny. W with the main problem of Self-Concept Disorder: Low Self-Esteem Due to Undifferentiated Schizophrenia. Results: Nursing diagnoses that emerged were low self-esteem, social isolation, and self-care deficit. Interventions carried out included SP 1 and SP 2 for low self-esteem (HDR) and SP 2 for self-care deficit (DPD). Conclusion: After 4 days of nursing care on Ny. W according to the nursing action plan, the patient was able to establish a trusting relationship, identify positive abilities she possessed, perform chosen activities, and interact with her environment.

This study examines the influence of interest rates and the rupiah exchange rate on the money supply in Indonesia during the 2023–2025 period. A quantitative research approach was employed using monthly secondary data obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and Bank Indonesia (BI). The data were analyzed through multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. Several statistical procedures were applied, including classical assumption tests, partial significance tests (t-tests), simultaneous significance tests (F-tests), and coefficient of determination (R²) analysis. The findings reveal that interest rates have a significant negative effect on the money supply, while the rupiah exchange rate exerts a significant positive influence. Furthermore, the simultaneous test indicates that both variables collectively have a significant impact on the money supply. The coefficient of determination shows that 85.4% of the variation in the money supply can be explained by changes in interest rates and the rupiah exchange rate. These results highlight the importance of maintaining stable interest rates and exchange rates as essential components of monetary policy aimed at regulating the money supply and preserving monetary stability in Indonesia.

The fiqh principle stating that a leader’s policies and actions toward the people must be based on public welfare is an Islamic legal principle emphasizing that every action and policy of a leader should be oriented toward the interests and well-being of society. This study aims to examine the meaning, normative foundations, concepts, and implementation of this principle in state governance. The research employs a library research method with a normative approach through the analysis of the Qur’an, Hadith, fiqh literature, scholarly journals, and relevant legislation. The findings indicate that this principle has a strong foundation in the Qur’an and Hadith, particularly regarding trustworthiness, justice, and the responsibility of leaders toward their people. Conceptually, this principle is closely related to the theories of maqashid al-shari’ah and siyasah shar’iyyah, which place public welfare as the primary objective of Islamic law. In practice, the principle is applied in various fields, including public administration, law and legislation, religious policies, as well as economic and fiscal policies. Its implementation can be seen in policies concerning the prohibition of interfaith marriage, marriage dispensation, marriage legalization hearings (isbat), the suspension of Hajj departures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the management of state finances during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. Therefore, this principle demonstrates that Islamic law possesses flexible and adaptive characteristics while maintaining a strong orientation toward public welfare, making it relevant to modern systems of governance.

Background: Acute pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx caused by viral or bacterial infections, frequently resulting in sore throat, fever, and dysphagia. This condition is among the most prevalent acute respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents worldwide, contributing significantly to morbidity and the burden of healthcare services. Objective: This case study aimed to describe the comprehensive nursing care provided to patient An. F with acute pharyngitis at Ward Anggrek 1, RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency. Methods: A descriptive study design with a nursing process approach was employed. Data were collected through anamnesis, physical examination, observation, and documentation review. The nursing process encompassed assessment, nursing diagnosis, intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation. Results: Assessment revealed chief complaints of throat pain (NRS scale 5), fever (38.8°C), erythematous tonsils, and nutritional deficit. Three nursing diagnoses were established: acute pain related to physiological injury, hyperthermia related to disease process, and knowledge deficit related to insufficient information exposure. Interventions included pain management, hyperthermia management, and health education. Following two days of nursing care, the patient’s condition significantly improved, with pain scale reduced from 5 to 3 and body temperature normalized to 37.7°C. Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing care incorporating pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches effectively reduced pain and fever, and improved patient and family health literacy regarding acute pharyngitis.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global public health concern, with hypertension affecting an estimated 1.4 billion adults worldwide. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension among individuals aged 18 years and above reached 30.8% in 2023. In Kecamatan Tonjong, Kabupaten Brebes, the number of hypertension sufferers aged 15 years and above reached 15,951 people in 2025. Objective: To implement comprehensive family nursing care for Ny. S, family of Tn. F, who experienced cardiovascular system disorders due to hypertension in Desa Karang Jati RT 01 RW 05, Kecamatan Tonjong, Kabupaten Brebes. Method: This study used a descriptive narrative method with a nursing process approach (assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation), conducted through home visits over three days from December 26–28, 2025. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation. Results: Two nursing diagnoses were identified: acute pain related to hypertension and knowledge deficit regarding hypertension. Nursing interventions included pain management, oral medication administration (captopril 25 mg), and health education. Complementary non-pharmacological therapy using cucumber juice was applied once daily for three days. Conclusion: After three days of nursing implementation, both nursing diagnoses were fully resolved. Blood pressure decreased from 165/90 mmHg to 132/77 mmHg and the pain scale reduced from 4 to 1. Discharge planning was provided including recommendations for routine blood pressure monitoring, healthy lifestyle, and consistent medication adherence.

Background: Distal radius fracture is the most common fracture of the radius bone near the wrist joint. The prevalence of fractures in Indonesia in 2024 was 3.8%, indicating that approximately 20 million people experienced fractures. Therefore, nursing care planning is required to address musculoskeletal disorders. Objective: To describe the nursing care for patients with Musculoskeletal System Disorders: Post-Op ORIF Fracture of One-Third Distal Radius Dextra. Method: This study used a descriptive narrative method by providing an overview of nursing care through a nursing process approach. Results: Nursing diagnoses that emerged in the patient included acute pain, impaired physical mobility, risk of infection, and knowledge deficit. Interventions performed included pain management, mobilization support, infection prevention, and health education. Conclusion: After two days of nursing implementation, one diagnosis was fully resolved and three diagnoses were partially resolved due to time constraints. Discharge planning was provided including deep breathing relaxation techniques, passive ROM exercises, and wound dressing changes every two days.  

This study aims to map the trajectory of syntactic acquisition in three-year-old children through syntactic patterns and communicative functions in naturalistic interaction. Using a mixed-methods approach, data from native Indonesian-speaking children were collected over a period of 1.5 months through the involve-conversation technique. Analysis of 80 utterances using frequency distribution, Mean Length of Utterance (MLU), and functional grammar revealed a dominant Subject–Verb–Object (S–V–O) structure (30%) and an MLU of 5.82 morphemes. These findings indicate a developmental transition from telegraphic speech to early multi-clause constructions, reflecting increasing linguistic complexity. Cognitive compensation is marked by the use of pragmatic particles and non-canonical sentence patterns driven by ideational, interpersonal, and textual functions. The results support the usage-based hypothesis, suggesting that early syntactic development is functional, sequential, and non-linear in nature. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of interactional experience in shaping emerging grammatical competence. This classification serves as a micro-longitudinal assessment tool and provides a pedagogical basis for scaffolding interventions aimed at stabilizing complex linguistic patterns and enhancing language development in early childhood education settings.

This research aims to analyze and compare traditional Islamic education systems in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, focusing on institutional aspects, education systems, learning methods, and curricula. Using a literature study method with a descriptive qualitative approach, this research examines various relevant literature regarding the dynamics of Islamic education in Southeast Asia. The results show that the three countries share fundamental similarities in educational forms, such as pesantren or pondok, which focus on Islamic sciences and moral cultivation. However, significant differences exist in management patterns and the level of integration with government policies. Indonesia maintains a variety of salaf and modern pesantren, Malaysia exhibits a more structured system integrated with the state, while Thailand specifically in the Patani region tends to be adaptive in response to its Muslim minority status. This comparison concludes that the development of traditional Islamic education systems in each country is heavily influenced by the respective social and political contexts.

The Celeng Behel tradition is a form of local wisdom practiced by the people of Soropadan Village, Pringsurat District, Temanggung Regency, and is carried out through the Sadranan Kali ritual. This study aims to explain the form and function of the Celeng Behel tradition in the community’s daily life. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with folklore and semiotic approaches. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed to understand the cultural meanings behind the tradition. The results show that the Celeng Behel tradition has two main forms. First, it exists as oral folklore in the form of stories passed down from generation to generation. Second, it appears as a ritual practice, namely Sadranan Kali, which is held every year on the 10th of Sapar at Bendung Pondoh. The ritual includes communal prayers, the preparation of offerings, and the release of ducks into the river. These activities symbolize the community’s gratitude for the water that supports their farming and daily needs. The tradition also has important functions. It serves as a way for the community to express their hopes and concerns about nature, especially related to water and agriculture. It also strengthens social rules and cultural values that have been passed down over time. From a semiotic point of view, the symbols used in the ritual have both direct meanings and deeper cultural meanings that form shared beliefs in the community. In conclusion, the Celeng Behel tradition is not only a cultural activity, but also an important way to maintain harmony between humans, nature, and spiritual values in the life of the Soropadan community.

The Free Nutritional Meal Program (MBG) is a government policy that is widely discussed by the public through social media, especially TikTok. Various comments that have emerged indicate differences in public opinion towards the program, so an analysis is needed to determine the tendency of public sentiment. This study aims to analyze TikTok user sentiment towards the Free Nutritional Meal Program using the Naive Bayes method. The research method is carried out through several steps, namely collecting TikTok comment data, preprocessing text, labeling sentiment data into positive, negative, and neutral, feature transformation using TF-IDF, and classification using the Naive Bayes algorithm. Based on the analysis of 500 comment data, the results show that positive sentiment dominates public opinion by 42% (210 data), followed by negative sentiment by 36% (180 data), and neutral sentiment by 22% (110 data). Testing the classification model using Naive Bayes produces excellent performance with an accuracy rate of 86%, precision of 84%, recall of 85%, and F1-score of 84%. The conclusion of this study shows that the Naive Bayes method is effective as an approach in social media sentiment analysis to map public responses to government policies.

Python programming has become a fundamental competence in the digital era, yet students often struggle to transform algorithmic logic into functional code. This gap between conceptual understanding and practical implementation skills requires a thorough investigation into learning challenges within the Industrial Informatics Engineering Technology (TRIN) program at Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung. Grounded in Bloom's Revised Taxonomy and Cognitive Load Theory, this descriptive quantitative study utilized a Likert-scale questionnaire and an objective comprehension test administered to 87 third-year students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to map performance across three aspects: conceptual understanding, syntactic comprehension, and implementation ability. Results indicate the conceptual aspect achieved the highest average of 4.15, followed by syntax at 3.56 and implementation at 3.54, with objective test accuracy rates of 76.09%, 65.52%, and 67.36%, respectively. Major obstacles identified include difficulties with looping, debugging, and comparison operators. Therefore, enhanced structured practice and Project-Based Learning approaches are recommended to strengthen students' implementation competencies.

Consumption of sweetened coffee with various mixtures has become an unhealthy habit for the younger generation. Kopi Babah Kacamata, a legendary tubruk coffee in Salatiga, has been affected by this change. Many people are still unaware of the brand and the consumption of black coffee is declining. Therefore, this research will discuss the positive impact of consuming tubruk coffee with the Kopi Babah Kacamata brand as a soft selling medium for young people. This research uses mixed-sequel exploratory method and linear strategy in its design. The results of this study can be concluded that promotional videos with a storytelling approach for Kopi Babah Kacamata effectively introduce to the target audience.

Online maps applications have become an essential tool for modern society in finding the fastest and most efficient routes. However, these applications often fail to detect current road conditions such as flooding, demonstrations, accidents, or public events, causing users to get stuck in problematic routes. This study aims to develop a prototype of a community-based road condition reporting system, visualized through a web-based digital map. The system allows users to directly report road conditions by providing photo evidence, descriptions, and event categories. It is also equipped with features for designing event routes such as carnivals and suggesting alternative paths based on community reports. The development process was carried out using a simulation-based approach with scenario testing that reflects real field conditions, without involving direct user data. The implementation results show that all core features work properly. The technologies used include Leaflet.js, OpenStreetMap, and the Nominatim geolocation API. This research produces an adaptive community-based GIS model that can be further developed as an intelligent navigation solution at the city scale