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Economic activity is a complex as well as integral phenomenon in the life of modern citizens. This abstract explores various aspects of economic activity, including the process of production, distribution, and consumption of an object or service. Through micro and macroeconomic analysis, this abstract investigates the attitudes of economic actors, market interactions and the consequences of economic policies on the development and welfare of citizens. Not only that, this abstract also examines the position of technology, globalization, and facts.

The use of instructional media in the learning process plays a crucial role in enhancing educational effectiveness. One commonly utilized type of instructional media is audiovisual media, which has proven effective in conveying complex concepts, including within the context of Bible education. This paper discusses the importance and benefits of implementing audiovisual instructional media in Bible education, as well as the challenges faced in its implementation. Through the use of audiovisual media, students can attain deeper understanding, enhance their interest and engagement in learning, and integrate modern technology into the learning process. However, challenges such as resource availability and technical expertise need to be addressed to optimize its benefits.

The term "depth of anesthesia" refers to the extent to which a general anesthetic agent anesthetizes the central nervous system with a specific concentration of force at the time the drug is administered. The depth level of anesthesia plays an important role in determining surgical complications, and it is very important to keep the depth level of anesthesia under control for the operation to be successful. The purpose of this study is to determine the Monitoring Picture of Anesthesia Depth in General Anesthesia. The literature search will be conducted between 2018 and 2023. The methodof journals and scientific articles contained in this study are national and international journals that have been accounted for their validity. Sources of information obtained from databases are Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed. Anesthesia depth monitoring with the most popular modern technique in practice is the Bixpectral Index Score (BIS) monitor. Anesthesia depth monitoring using BIS is more accurate than traditional anesthesia depth monitoring. Objective assessment of the depth of sedation can use the BIS tool that provides the best prediction of the patient's degree of consciousness to] prevent the patient from waking up and remember actions, drug additions, and wake predictions more accurately by looking at changes in brain electrical activity depicted through EEG

The dynamics of contemporary development are correlated with integrated technological progress innovations in human activity, both in aspects of education, business, communication, and so on. The communication strategy is the choice of Instagram owner @Farizas_kyas as a marketing promotion for Muslim fashion products towards teenagers. Because, today's teenagers have followed trends as a reflection of modernity while remaining within the corridors of sharia principles. This research aims to examine and describe the communication strategy for promoting Muslim fashion products among teenagers by the Instagram account @Farizas_kyas. The research method uses a description method with a qualitative approach. The research subject is Farizas Kyas, while the research objects are material objects and formal objects. The data source was obtained from the Instagram account @Farizas_kyas through product posts and stories. Data collection was carried out through virtual observation, interviews and documentation. The research results confirm that the communication strategy for the Instagram account @Farizas_kyas in promoting Muslim fashion products among teenagers is done by creating attractive visual content, using hashtags, educational and informative content, live Instagram, and being consistent in posting content. By using an Instagram account, the account owner gets more benefits through the effectiveness of the product marketing strategy used.

Islamic education has great noble values ​​and is able to determine position and function in society. The values ​​of Islamic education are the most important thing and should be implemented and maintained by followers of the Islamic religion. The values ​​of Islamic education are taught to students not to be memorized into knowledge, but to be internalized and practiced in everyday life. This research aims to find out more broadly and in depth the Internalization of Islamic Religious Values ​​in Shaping the Character of Santri, with the following coverage: (1) The process of internalizing Islamic religious values ​​in forming the character of santri (2) The method of internalizing Islamic religious values ​​in forming character of santri (3) The impact of internalization of Islamic religious values ​​in shaping the character of santri.The research was carried out at the Al-Khairat Siniu Modern Islamic Boarding School using a qualitative approach with a case study type. Data collection was carried out using interviews. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. To check the validity of the data, researchers used triangulation techniques. Meanwhile, the informants in this research were Ustadzah and Santriwati.The results of the research show that Islamic religious values ​​at the Al-Khairat Siniu Islamic Boarding School, including aqidah values, shari'ah values ​​and moral values, have become a value that is internalized in the daily life of students at the Islamic boarding school. This needs to be done with istiqomah in implementing it, because the internalization of Islamic religious values ​​is not something instant but is something that requires a process, so this of course requires a process, so this of course requires certain efforts made by the council of kyai or ustadz as well as the santri council in achieving successful internalization of Islamic religious values ​​in order to shape the character of the students.  

Chips are a food that is loved by Indonesian people. Chips are a favorite snack and there are many different types and variants. In Purwakarta there is a famous MSME Chips called Cijanggot Chips. To be precise, it comes from Cipinang Village, Cibau District. There are several products from Cijangot Chips, namely cassava chips, potato chips and chocolate banana chips. In its business activities, Cijanggot Chips UMKM still uses traditional methods, namely by marketing manually to distribution locations such as food stalls and souvenir shops since 2015. The marketing strategy implemented by the Cijanggot Chips owner can be said to be quite good. However, in this modern era, it is very important to carry out marketing strategies through online media in order to increase sales and have a wider reach to consumers. There are several marketing strategies that can be used to increase product sales, namely by product innovation, online marketing, through social media and opening branches in new places.

The quality of labor and supervision of labor is an important aspect in the success of an organization or company. Good workforce quality greatly influences the productivity, efficiency and overall performance of the organization. On the other hand, labor inspection plays a key role in ensuring that workers carry out their duties according to established standards, as well as ensuring compliance with existing policies and procedures. This research aims to analyze the relationship between labor quality and labor supervision in the context of a modern work environment. The research method used involves a comprehensive literature review to explore concepts, theories and practices related to these two aspects. The results of the analysis show that there is a close relationship between labor quality and labor supervision, where effective supervision can improve labor quality and vice versa. The implication of this research is that it is important for companies to develop effective monitoring strategies to ensure optimal workforce quality, which in turn will contribute to achieving overall organizational goals.    

This research was conducted in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the Liturgical Document, Sacrosanctum Concilium (1963-2024). It is fitting that this moment is used to promote the liturgy, through the Desiderio Desideravi document. This article specifically explores the theme of Ars Celebrandi. For that purpose, this article is approached through a study of documents and literature. The results of the literature review are as follows: first, living in the post-modern with all its negative aspects, the faithful urged to stand firm in faith that true salvation comes from The Paschal Mystery of Christ. Second, the liturgy is the first and foremost place in which they celebrate His Mystery through the sacramental signs and symbols. Third, in celebrating the inestimable Mystery, the people of God are supported to realize the sense of ars celebrandi; celebrating the liturgy in faith, full, consciousness, and active participation, dedication, discipline, and elegancy. In keeping the sense of ars celebrandi, priests are reminded to not reduce liturgical celebration on a rubrical mechanism or creativity without rules, because the rite in itself is a norm, and the norm is never an end in itself, it is always at the service of a higher reality that it means to protect.      

The use of smartphones nowadays is increasingly rapid, even teenagers cannot be separated from using these smartphones, but several conditions cause dependence, especially on the internet network, which ultimately gives rise to incidents of nomophobia or conditions of anxiety, fear and even stress and depression in a person, which is caused by the absence of or being away from the internet network on a cellphone and this is considered a modern phobia resulting from individual interactions with information and communication technology, especially smartphones. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between self-esteem and the incidence of nomophobia in early adolescents at SMP Barunawati 1 Petamburan, West Jakarta. This type of research is non-experimental quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling used proportional stratified random sampling and purposive sampling techniques to obtain a sample of 76 students with research instruments in the form of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) questionnaires. Data analysis using Pearson Correlation Product Moment. The results of the research showed that the majority of early adolescents had high self-esteem (71.1%), and the majority of early adolescents had moderate nomophobia (65.8%) and there was a relationship between self-esteem and nomophobia in early adolescents at SMP Barunawati 1 Petamburan, West Jakarta and grades. p value 0.000 < 0.05. Based on the results of this research, it is hoped that research sites can provide counseling or health education about the impacts of excessive smartphone use.

This article aims to understand the impact of gadget use on  childhood as well as implement  solutions on the impact of gadget use on  childhood. This gadget is a medium  used as a  modern communication tool. Gadgets make human communication easier. Today, communication has become more advanced with the advent of gadgets. Among them, 4,444 are smartphones such as iPhones, Androids and laptops. In preschool psychology, development refers to children from 0 to 6 years old. The research method used is literary research. Results show that amenities impact  social development in young children. Excessive use of gadgets harms children's social and emotional development. Harmful effects of electronic device use on children include isolation, sleep disturbances, loneliness, violent behavior, reduced creativity and threats of cyberbullying. Solution to device use in  childhood by limiting device use, supervising children's screen time with parents who play a crucial role, and providing a schedule timely  when children play with devices, so that devices do not hinder young children's social development.

Harmonization of traditional leadership, especially through the figure of David, opens up opportunities and challenges in the context of modern pastoral ministry. Values ​​such as courage, perseverance, and integrity serve as inspiration for church leaders. A strategic approach, involving coaching and training, is crucial to integrating these values. Despite challenges and resistance, a deep understanding of these factors helps design effective strategies. By applying values ​​in daily practice, church leaders create enduring, relevant, and inspiring ministries, guiding people toward spiritual growth.

This paper aims to investigate and analyze Moses' leadership character in a historical context and consider his relevance as a role model for modern leaders. By detailing various aspects of Moses' leadership, such as courage, perseverance, and vision, this paper provides an in-depth look at how Moses' leadership principles can be applied and adapted in the contemporary leadership environment. This research involves collecting data from historical sources and related literature to present a comprehensive analysis.

Oil plants (Cocos nucifera L.) is a versatile plant or plants that have a steeper economic value of all parts of the coconut tree can be the benefits for human needs. False coconut oil is a processed product made from young coconut meat coconut pudding manufacture in modern done through the stages are quite complicated and costly, so that only done by large industries. affect factors on fermentation needs to be optimized to result in qualified young coconut pudding the purpose of this study was to determine influence concentration of sugar and agar-agar to quality coconut pudding in addition to knowing the most permanent treatment that can produce the highest quality coconut pudding the hypothesis of this study. Presumably the influence concentration of sugar and agar-agar to the quality of pudding coconut. And affect the level of consumer preferences. The method used is an experimental research by using a completely randomized design (RAL), which consists of two factors, namely: Concentrations of sugar and gelatin with 300 gram 400 gram 500 gram while the factors gelatin with composition 7 g, 14 g, 21 g. While the variable that is used to measure the level of preference is the color flavor aroma and texture. Variables were measured in this study is using composition test by testing the level of preference are: color, taste, aroma, and texture. Using a scoring scale test method (numbering) commonly in use No. 1-5 and panelists in use totaled 15 0rang representing consumers the results of composition test of the level of preference of color, flavor, aroma, and texture of pudding meat fruit coconut based assessment best treatment that is adjusted from public view representing 15 people panelists then be in concluded that treatment in consider best is in treatment ( GPI Aa2).

The aim of this research is to explain the comparison of diction in classical and modern short stories. Short stories, as the name suggests, are short stories, requiring concise storytelling, without going into special details that are more likely to lengthen the story. This type of research is qualitative research because the data is in the form of a description of the comparison of classic and modern short story diction. In a short story, a piece of a character's life is told which is full of conflict, a touching or enjoyable event and contains an impression that is not easily forgotten. According to Muhardi and Hasanuddin WS (1992: 10-11) in novels and short stories both use the reverse highlighting technique. In short stories, flashbacks often deceive readers because they cannot be digested immediately, sometimes readers have to read more than once to make it easier to digest. Meanwhile, in novels the reverse highlighting technique is easier for readers to recognize. Classical and modern short stories are literary works that have differences. This difference can be seen and studied from the way it is distributed, namely that classical short story literary works develop from social culture, but are not bound by customs and modern short story literary works are usually written in books, bloggers and other intermediary media. The conclusion shows that the diction form of Modern Short Stories is more practical in choosing words, more in line with the general understanding of modern readers. Use words that are more current and widely known. And tend to choose classic words, with the use of words that are less common or ancient; Using appropriate diction and language style can develop children's imagination and knowledge of language.

The relationship between traditional Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and modern international human rights norms has long been characterized by debate and tension. Islamic law is commonly perceived as divinely grounded and normatively authoritative, whereas human rights frameworks are often viewed as secular, universal, and rooted in modern legal philosophy. This perceived dichotomy has contributed to the widespread assumption that Sharī‘a and human rights are inherently incompatible, particularly in sensitive areas such as gender equality, freedom of religion, and minority rights. Reassessing this tension is especially important for Muslim-majority societies that must reconcile religious legitimacy with global human rights obligations. This study explores the potential for harmonizing classical Islamic jurisprudence with contemporary human rights norms by identifying shared values, points of divergence, and feasible pathways for integration. Using a qualitative normative legal approach, the research employs doctrinal analysis of primary Islamic legal sources alongside international human rights instruments, supported by comparative analysis of key rights, including the protection of life, religious freedom, and gender equality. Interpretative analysis is applied to examine how classical and contemporary Islamic scholars conceptualize human rights within the Sharī‘a framework. The findings reveal substantial convergence between Islamic law and human rights norms, particularly in their shared emphasis on human dignity, justice, equality, and social welfare. While interpretative tensions persist, they are largely shaped by contextual and institutional factors rather than by the core ethical objectives of Islamic law. Integrative approaches grounded in ijtihad, maṣlaḥa, and maqāṣid al-sharī‘a offer constructive pathways for harmonization.

This research explores the role of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah in modern governance systems, focusing on its application to contemporary issues in Muslim-majority societies. The study examines the challenges posed by traditional Islamic jurisprudence and its rigidity in addressing evolving social, political, and economic conditions. Specifically, it aims to assess how Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah can enhance governance by promoting justice, public welfare, and the protection of rights, as well as offering an adaptable framework for legal reforms. The research employs a comparative literature review and thematic analysis, examining classical and contemporary texts to identify key themes related to the integration of Maqāṣid into governance. The main findings suggest that Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah provides a more flexible and responsive legal framework compared to traditional textual fiqh, especially in the context of modern governance challenges such as human rights, social justice, and public welfare. The study concludes that integrating Maqāṣid principles into contemporary Islamic governance can lead to more equitable and effective systems, enhancing social cohesion, economic stability, and the protection of human rights. Future research could explore specific case studies of Maqāṣid implementation in various governance contexts to further understand its practical applications.

This study aims to explore the influence of the social environment on the communication patterns of adolescents in urban areas. A qualitative approach is used to understand how factors such as family, peers, school environment, social media, local culture, socioeconomic status, globalization, and physical environment influence the way adolescents communicate. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, focus group discussions and case studies. The respondents in this study were 100 respondents from teenagers in Bandung city.The results showed that family has a central role in shaping adolescents' communication skills, with supportive parenting increasing openness and communication effectiveness. Peers also have a significant influence, where adolescents adjust their communication style to gain social acceptance. School environments that support open and participatory communication have been shown to improve adolescents' communication skills, while the use of social media and modern technology changes the mode and frequency of communication, although sometimes reducing face-to-face interactions.Local culture and urbanization introduce adolescents to more modern and dynamic communication styles, while socioeconomic status affects access to education and technology, which in turn affects communication skills. Globalization and exposure to foreign cultures broaden adolescents' communication horizons, allowing interaction with various groups. Finally, the urban physical environment, including public facilities and population density, affects adolescents' interaction and communication patterns.  The findings provide implications for policies and interventions aimed at improving adolescents' communication skills through a holistic approach involving family, school, community, and management of social media use.

Nowadays, we have moved into the second oral era, enlivened by television and information technology. So the 'virtual world' grew which was supported by new tools with all the charming facilities. The changing reality of the world around us is a context that must be taken into account if we want to carry out faith preaching activities. The main problem of preaching in this era is not "what communication tools we should use" but "what kind of communication methods we need to use so that the message of faith is relevant to people living in the digital age." The Church recommends that pastors and people see positive opportunities from the media, while increasing awareness of the negative impacts of the media. It is not enough to simply use the media to spread authentic Christian messages and Church teachings. It is also necessary to integrate the Gospel message in the new culture created by modern communications. If the language of preaching which covers the entire appearance of the Church, its behavior, structure and attitudes is not updated, people today will not grasp the message conveyed by the Church. We must look for ways that can touch the sensibilities of modern society.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) need to compete effectively in the market in terms of increased capacity to adapt to the dynamic business environment. MSMEs need to respond promptly to evolving market trends, technological advances, and changing consumer preferences. However, not all MSMEs have made the necessary adaptations in order to thrive in a dynamic business environment. This community service focuses on Mie Ayam Mas Nok, an MSME that faces specific challenges, especially the lack of social media utilization and the absence of a distinctive business logo. To overcome these problems, community service activities were carried out by providing targeted assistance to MSMEs Mie Ayam Mas Nok. This service activity aims to empower them through effective utilization of social media platforms and the creation of unique business logos, thereby increasing their competitiveness in a dynamic business environment. Using a combination of observation, interviews, and surveys, this community service initiative yielded positive results. MSMEs Mie Ayam Mas Nok successfully integrated social media into their business strategy and obtained a distinctive business logo. These improvements have significantly increased the competitiveness of their businesses, equipping them to thrive in an ever-changing and competitive business environment.

The model of Jesus' transformative dialogue in the Gospel of John 1-4, describes the interaction of Jesus Christ conducting evangelism consistently through dialogues in John 1-4 with various figures in different contexts that lead to changes in understanding and spiritual transformation both individually and in the groups He faces. This study aims to identify and analyze the model of transformational dialogue carried out by Jesus Christ in John 1-4 to achieve the transformative goal of building relationships that enable the growth of faith among His listeners and bring people to faith in Him. The research method uses qualitative descriptive and exploratory text analysis with a hermeneutical approach to understand the cultural and theological contexts that underlie each effective missiological dialogue. This study analyzes six dialogues in John 1-4, involving Jesus Christ in conversation with four different groups of people. Dialogues as a means of communication to bring about change and deeper understanding of spiritual truth. The results of this study illustrate that Jesus Christ uses various dialogical strategies to convey the gospel message effectively to people from diverse social backgrounds to build relationships that enable the growth of faith. The transformational dialogue model of Jesus Christ in John 1-4, demonstrates wise and open dialogue in the context of evangelism and provides valuable teaching and guidance for modern evangelism practice and emphasizes the need for adaptation to the individual's social context to achieve maximum effectiveness in bringing people to Christ.