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Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are one of the most important pillars of the economy in Indonesia. MSMEs contribute significantly to Gross Domestic Product, employment, and regional development through income equality. This study attempts to obtain relevant answers regarding the strategic role of MSMEs in sustainable economic development in Indonesia, as well as the obstacles faced by this sector. Despite the government's role in sustainably encouraging MSMEs, this study shows that MSMEs still have difficulty accessing capital, government policies, and digitalization. This study uses a descriptive method to identify data that produces a good understanding of the factors that build the success of MSMEs. The results of the study show that the contribution of MSMEs to GDP is around 61.07%, employing 97% of the total number of jobs, namely MSMEs are quite important for the government and other stakeholders in supporting the role of MSMEs in inclusive and sustainable economic development.

This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach to analyze the contribution of MSMEs to Indonesia's economic growth. The results of the study indicate that MSMEs play an important role in accelerating economic growth through innovation and entrepreneurship, although there are still structural obstacles that hinder the development of this sector. Therefore, policies are needed that support access to capital, digitalization, and increasing the capacity and competitiveness of MSMEs so that they can survive and thrive in the era of globalization and digitalization.

The use of probiotics is very important in cultivation activities. Probiotics are live microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on the host by balancing the microflora in their intestines. In increasing the nutritional content of artificial feed (pellets), the bacteria in probiotics have a mechanism for forming several enzymes for digesting feed. This study aims to determine the effect of giving delacto probiotics at different doses in artificial feed on the absolute weight growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Probiotics are mixed with feed using a biofloc cultivation system. The method used in this research was an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications, namely by adding different doses to the treatments. Treatments A (8ml/kg), B (16 ml/kg), C (24 ml/kg) and D (32 ml/kg). The parameter observed was absolute weight growth. Water quality supporting parameters include temperature, pH and DO. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA test. Based on the research results, it shows that giving different doses of delacto probiotics has a significant effect on the absolute weight growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Treatment A (8 ml/kg) gave the lowest absolute weight growth of 32.83 grams and treatment D (32 ml/kg) gave the highest absolute weight growth of 40.57 grams. Water quality parameters include water temperature ranging from 25.3 – 26.1֯C, acidity ranging from 7.5 – 8.0. And dissolved oxygen ranges from 4.7 – 5.3 ppm. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the three water quality parameters showed no differences between treatments (Oreochromis niloticus) fry.

Vannamei shrimp is one of the shrimp species with economic value and is one of the national leading commodities. On the other hand, one of the problems in vannamei shrimp cultivation is its slow growth, slow growth is caused by the less optimal absorption of nutrients in the feed. In dealing with these problems, one of the things that is done is the administration of probiotics. The addition of probiotics such as Biolacto containing Lactobacillus sp bacteria to the feed can increase the appetite of shrimp. This study aims to determine the effect of biolacto probiotics on feed on the growth of the absolute weight of vannamei shrimp. This study used a Complete Random Design (RAL) with four treatments: A (feed without a mixture of probiotics), B (probiotics 2 gr/100 gr feed), C (probiotics 4 gr/100 gr feed), and D (probiotics 6 gr/100 gr feed). Treatment B with a concentration of probiotics 2gr/100g feed gave the highest absolute weight growth of 9.2 gr. Water quality data during the study were obtained with water temperature ranging from 28.5 – 29.2°Celsius, salinity ranging from 36 – 37 ppt, pH ranging from 7.5 – 8.0, and dissolved oxygen ranging from 4.0 to 4.63 mg/l. The results of the ANOVA analysis of the four water quality parameters showed no difference between treatments and were in the optimal range of life of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

Giving probiotics such as probiotic boster on feed greatly helps the growth of absolute weight in Catfish seeds because the good bacteria contained in these probiotics help facilitate catfish seeds in digesting the feed so as to increase the efficiency of the feed. This study aims to see how effective the probiotic administration is. The study was conducted in Kramas District, Gianyar regency, Bali Province for 30 days using experimental methods, using a complete randomized design with a total of 4 treatments and 6 repetitions. Treatment A is by giving 3 ml of probiotic boster every 1 kg of feed. Treatment B by giving 5 ml probiotic boster every 1 kg of feed. Treatment C by giving 7 ml probiotic boster every 1 kg of feed. Treatment D by giving 9 ml probiotic boster every 1 kg of feed. In this study showed significantly different results on the addition of probiotic boster with different doses on the growth of absolute weight of catfish fry aged 1 month-2 months. Treatment D gave the highest result with an absolute weight gain of 55.33 grams, and treatment a showed the lowest result with an absolute weight gain of 25.17 grams. Water quality Data during the study obtained water temperature ranges from 27-29 oC, acidity ranges from 7-8, and dissolved oxygen ranges from 3.34 to 4.26 ppm. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the three parameters of water quality there is no difference between the treatment and the life range of catfish fry (Clarias sp.)

This activity aims to encourage the growth of Maron BSM-1 Chicken before and after being given Vitamin B Complex. This activity was conducted by a team of student servants from HKBP Nommensen University Medan in Parparean II Village, Porsea District, Toba Regency. The methods used in this service activity include observation and experimentation. Based on the results of experiments in the field, the injection of Vitamin B Complex into Maron BSM-1 Chicken was carried out in 1 injection. The changes that occured within 1 week were that the appetite of the chicken livestock increased, the fat contained in the chicken livestock increased by about 3 ounces in 1 week and the health of he chicken livestock was better maintained. Thus, this method has proven effective in helping the community to increase the growth of Maron BSM-1 Chicken livestock and produce quality chicken meat. Through this research, the community can gain new knowledge in carrying out animal husbandry and this research can also be useful for other researchers as a reference carrying out community service.

The addition of probiotics such as Lactobacillus sp to fermented feed is expected to improve nutrient digestibility, suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, and improve feed conversion efficiency, thereby promoting optimal shrimp growth. This study used an experimental method on vannamei shrimp doc 80 using a complete randomized design (RAL) with four treatments: P0 (feed without fermentation as a control), P1 (feed fermentation for 0 hours 10ml/100g with Lactobacillus sp), P2 (feed fermentation for 24 hours with 10ml/100g Lactobacillus sp), P3 (feed fermentation for 48 hours 10ml/100g Lactobacillus sp), P3 (feed fermentation for 72 hours 10ml/100g Lactobacillus sp) by doing 6 repetitions which were carried out for 1 month/30 days in the maintenance tub. The results showed that Treatment A without fermentation gave absolute growth with an average of 1 gr, Treatment B with no fermentation gave absolute growth with an average of 1.89 grams, Treatment C with a fermentation time of 48 hours gave absolute weight growth with an average of 2.15 grams, Treatment D with no fermentation gave absolute growth with an average of 0.74 grams. Meanwhile, the water quality parameters during the study were obtained with water temperature ranging from 28.3-29.6o C, pH ranging from 7.8-8.0, and dissolved oxygen ranging from 4.03-4.66 mg/l. With the anova test, the absolute weight growth showed that with different fermentation time differences, there was a real effect on the growth of vannamei shrimp in C treatment, which was 2.15 gr. And in the results of the anova test, the four water quality parameters were not different between the treatments and were in the optimal range in the life of vannamei shrimp. Based on this study, it can be suggested that the optimal fermented feed is in the time range of 48 hours and there is further research for doc 80 and above.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different percentages of natural feed (Tubifex sp.) and artificial feed on the absolute weight gain of striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fry. The study was conducted at PBIAT Muntilan for 30 days using an experimental method. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments were as follows: A (100% pellet), B (75% pellet + 25% Tubifex sp.), C (50% pellet + 50% Tubifex sp.), D (25% pellet + 75% Tubifex sp.), and E (100% Tubifex sp.). ANOVA analysis showed that different proportions of natural feed (Tubifex sp.) and artificial feed significantly affected absolute weight gain. The most optimal feeding ratio for enhancing the absolute weight gain of striped catfish fry was found in treatment E, where 100% Tubifex sp. was provided, resulting in the highest absolute weight gain of 4.876 grams. Water Quality Parameters: During the study, the recorded water temperature ranged from 25.1 to 25.4ºC, pH ranged from 6.7 to 6.8, and dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.6 to 6.7 ppm. ANOVA analysis of these three water quality parameters showed no significant differences among treatments. However, the temperature was below the optimal range for the growth of striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fry.

Pearl catfish (Clarias gariepinus) has advantages when cultivated, namely fast growth, efficient feed, has a uniform size and is resistant to disease (Matasina and Sartika, 2020). The success of a fish farming business can be determined by its feeding management, because feed that is consumed effectively by fish can make fish experience good growth (Hanief, et.al, 2014).The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of natural feeding of Daphnia magna and silk worms on the absolute weight growth of pearl catfish (Clarias gariepinus) seeds aged 5 days. The method used is an experimental method that aims to determine the effect of feeding Daphnia sp and silk worms on the absolute weight growth of pearl catfish seeds (Clarias gariepinus) aged 5 days in a controlled environment. This study was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 (three) treatments and each consisting of 9 (nine) repetitions, thus there were 27 experimental units. Treatment A 100% silk worm (control), treatment B: 100% Daphnia sp and treatment C 50% Daphnia sp and 50% silk worm. The parameter observed was absolute weight growth. The results showed that the highest absolute weight growth was obtained from treatment A at 1.22 g, then treatment C at 0.76 g and the lowest was treatment B at 0.33 g. Based on the LSD further test, all feed treatments had significant differences on the absolute weight of fish fry. Based on the LSD further test as a whole shows that all feed treatments have significant differences on the absolute weight of fish seeds.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the unemployment rate and population on economic growth in Ringinpitu Village, Tulungagung Regency. The high unemployment rate and the increase in population each year are factors that can affect economic conditions in the region. This study uses a quantitative method with multiple linear regression analysis, processed using SPSS software. The results of the study indicate that the unemployment rate has a negative and significant effect on economic growth with a regression coefficient value of -0.283 and a significance value of 0.001 (p <0.05). Meanwhile, the population has a positive and significant effect on economic growth with a regression coefficient of 1.018 and a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05). The simultaneous test (F test) shows that the unemployment rate and population together have a significant effect on economic growth, with an F-count value of 35.125 and a significance of 0.000 (p <0.05). The Adjusted R² value of 0.621 indicates that 62.1% of the variation in economic growth can be explained by the unemployment rate and population, while 37.9% is influenced by other factors outside this research model. Based on these findings, it is recommended that local governments improve job training programs, create more jobs, and optimize population growth control policies to encourage more stable and sustainable economic growth.

Attachment is a form of mutually beneficial emotional relationship between mother and baby. There is poor attachment caused by inappropriate parenting patterns from parents. Good parenting patterns can stimulate spiritual, intellectual, emotional, moral, and social development, so that infant growth can run optimally. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal attachment and infant growth and development in the work area of the Cabean Village Health Center. This study is quantitative, with a descriptive analysis approach and using a cross-sectional method. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. There were 139 respondents taken using the total sampling method. The analysis used was the Gamma test. From the analysis of respondent data, it was found that there were an average of 85 male babies. The majority of mothers' ages were in the range of 26-35 years with a percentage of 56.8%, and multiparity parity reached 61.9%. Most of them had education up to junior high school level as much as 42.4%, and most worked as housewives with a percentage of 66.2%. The results of the gamma test showed that there was a relationship between maternal attachment and infant growth and development, where maternal attachment to infant growth had a p-value (BB = 0.000, PB = 0.001), while attachment to infant development showed a p-value (0.000) with (OR = 0.555 and 0.613 CI = 0.726). This means that there is a significant relationship between maternal attachment and infant growth and development in the work area of the Cabean Village Health Center (p-value <0.05).

The study aims to determine the interaction and effect of drip irrigation on increasing the growth of pak choi plants in dry land. This study used a completely randomized design with a 3x3 pattern, so that there were 9 treatment combinations repeated 4 times so that there were 36 experimental units. The factors are the first factor, the provision of AMF consisting of three levels, namely M0: without AMF, M1: 10 grams of AMF inoculant per polybag, and M2: 30 grams of AMF inoculant per polybag. The second factor, watering arrangements consisting of three levels, namely P0: watering every morning and evening, P1: watering once every 2 days in the morning and evening, and P2: watering once every 4 days in the morning and evening. So that there are combinations of treatments are M0P0, M0P1, M0P2, M1P0, M1P1, M1P2, M2P0, M2P1 and M2P2. . The results of the study showed that the correct dosage of AMF was 30 grams per polybag in each treatment, while the routine watering time in the morning and evening was the best watering arrangement in increasing the growth and yield of pak choi plants. The combination of 30 grams of AMF with routine watering arrangements in the morning and evening with drip irrigation gave the best results for the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight of plants.

Marginal coastal land has not been able to be utilized optimally by communities around the coast for agriculture. So far, coastal sand land has limited management and is considered to be poor. With the limited beach sand land, efforts need to be made to increase its productivity by providing soil improvement materials and by the right way to fertilize. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of applying soil amendments and doses of TSP fertilizer to marginal coastal land. The location of this research was carried out in Sidorejo Village, Langsa Lama District, Langsa City with an altitude of ± 10 m above sea level. This research was structured using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK), as the first factor, namely the type of soil amendment material P1 (husk charcoal), P2 (wood charcoal), P3 (zeolite) and P4 (clay), the second factor was the level of TSP fertilizer dose, namely D0 (0 kg)/ha), D1 (100 kg/ha), D2 (150 kg/ha), D3 (200 kg/ha) and D4 (250 kg/ha). Data were analyzed using anova (F experiment) from the 5% and 1% levels. If the treatment has a real effect, then continue with the BNJ test at the 5% level. The research results showed that the type of soil amendment material had a very significant effect on the parameters of number of branches and number of pods per plant. The best results were found in the soil amendment type P2 (husk charcoal). And the dose of TSP fertilizer has a very significant effect on the number of pods per plant. The best results were obtained on D4 (25 g/polybag).

This study aims to determine the Influence of Asset Structure, Current Ratio, Firm Size and Sales Growth Relative to the Company's Capital Structure. The research population is a household appliance sub-sector manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sample selection using Purposive Sampling. The research period is 2019-2023. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression processed with IBM programs Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 26. The results of the study show that the Asset Structure and Current Ratio have a negative and significant effect on the Capital Structure. Company Size and Sales Growth have no effect on the Capital Structure.

Fertilizer is an important factor in increasing the growth and yield of chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.). The selection of the right type of fertilizer greatly determines productivity and environmental sustainability in the long term. This study aims to analyze the differences between chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers in chili plant cultivation, including plant growth, yields, and their impact on soil fertility. The method used is a literature review by examining various previous studies that discuss the effectiveness of both types of fertilizers. The results of the analysis show that chemical fertilizers provide faster growth and higher yields in the short term because their nutrients are more easily absorbed by plants. However, excessive use can cause soil degradation, decreased organic matter content, and environmental pollution. In contrast, organic fertilizers work more slowly, but are able to increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, and support the balance of agricultural ecosystems in the long term. The combination of chemical and organic fertilizers has proven to be the best strategy in increasing chili productivity while maintaining soil health. Therefore, balanced fertilization with the right dose is highly recommended to ensure optimal harvest results without damaging the environment.

This study aims to determine the effect of liquid biofertilizer and biochar on the growth and yield of mustard greens (Brassica juncea). This study was conducted from November to December 2023 in the Agrotechnology practicum field, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nias Raya University. The experimental design used was a 3 x 4 factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 3 replications. There were two factors studied, namely the concentration of liquid biofertilizer consisting of three levels, namely Control (P0), 75 ml (P1), and 150 ml (P2), and biochar consisting of 4 levels, namely Control (B1), 1kg (B2), 2kg (B2) and 3kg (B3). The variables observed included plant height, number of leaves, and leaf length, leaf width, and wet weight. The concentration of liquid biofertilizer had a significant effect on leaf length, leaf width, and wet weight of plants aged 35 HST, had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves aged 7, 14, 21, and 28 HST. The best dose of liquid biofertilizer treatment was at a concentration of 150 ml (P2). The provision of biochar had a significant effect on leaf length, leaf width, and plant wet weight at the age of 35 HST, had no significant effect on plant height and number of leaves at the ages of 7, 14, 21, and 28 HST. The results showed that there was a significant interaction on leaf length, leaf width, and plant wet weight, a significant interaction on leaf length, leaf width, and plant wet weight at the age of 35 HST, while other parameters had no significant effect. The interaction between the concentration of liquid fertilizer 150 ml (P2) with 3 kg of biochar (B3) was the best treatment combination.

This study aims to assess the optimization of organic fertilizer in plant growth kale (Ipomea sp.) using a hydroponic system. The research method used is a complete random design of 2 factorial. The first factor is the concentration of POC which consists of 3 levels of treatment, namely K1 = 100 ml POC + 1 L of water. K2 = 200 ml of POC + 2 L of water. K3= 300 ml of POC + 3 L of water. The second factor is the frequency of administration of POC (W) which consists of 3 levels of treatment W1 = every 2 days W2 = every 4 days, W3 = every 6 days. So there are 9 combinations, namely: K1W1, K1W2, K1W3, K2W1, K2W2, K2W3, K3W1, K3W2, K3W3 between treatments with repeated 3 times so that a total of 27 trials. The measured parameters include temperature, plant height, number of leaves and Root Length. The results showed that the interaction occurred at the final temperature, plant height: 21 HST 28 HST, number of leaves: 7 HST, 14 HST ,21 HST and 28 HST and Root Length. The frequency of POC using banana stems with a time of 2 days was able to increase, plant height 21 HST, 28 HST, number of leaves 7 HST,14 HST,21 HST,28 HST, Root Length, while at a frequency of 4 days was able to increase the growth of kale plants in the late afternoon temperature parameters. At a frequency treatment once every 6 days is able to increase the final temperature. Concentration of POC using banana stem with a dose of 100 ml POC +1 L of Water, able to increase plant height 21 HST and 28 HST, the number of leaves 7 HST, 14 HST,21 HST,28 HST, Root Length. This research is expected to contribute to sustainable agricultural practices and the development of efficient hydroponic systems.

Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, playing a vital role in regulating body growth and energy metabolism. This article explores the role of GH in supporting linear growth through the stimulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), its influence on lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism, and the clinical implications of GH production disorders, including dwarfism, gigantism, and acromegaly. The research method employed is a literature review from various recent scientific sources, including journals, textbooks, and research articles. The findings indicate that GH functions to enhance lipolysis, protein synthesis, and maintain blood glucose levels, making it a key hormone in metabolic regulation. Moreover, GH production abnormalities can lead to long-term health issues, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and other metabolic complications. A deeper understanding of GH mechanisms opens opportunities for the development of hormone-based therapies to manage these disorders.

Cultivating tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the activities that is widely carried out in Indonesia because this fish has increasing market demand. In intensive cultivation systems, the factor that plays an important role in increasing production yields is pond design. Good pond design can influence water quality, oxygen distribution, and fish comfort which is directly related to fish growth. This research aims to examine the effect of pond design on the growth rate of tilapia in intensive cultivation. Based on a literature review, optimal pond design can increase the efficiency of feed use, maintain good water quality, and create an environment that supports faster fish growth rates. Designs that include pond shape, depth, aeration system and waste management must be carefully considered so that tilapia cultivation can achieve maximum results.

One alternative to increase plant growth and improve soil quality sustainably is organic fertilizer. Based on previous studies, this study discusses how organic fertilizer affects plant growth and soil quality. The results of the study indicate that organic fertilizer can increase plant growth by providing nutrients gradually and supporting the activity of soil microorganisms responsible for decomposing organic matter. The use of organic fertilizers has also been shown to improve soil structure, increase water retention capacity, and enrich it. However, there are several obstacles when using organic fertilizers, such as longer decomposition times and inconsistent nutrient levels. Therefore, efforts to optimize the use of organic fertilizers must be carried out continuously to increase their capacity to support sustainable agriculture.