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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by metabolic disorders, characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action, with its prevalence continuously increasing. This study aims to describe blood glucose levels and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Kalibagor Health Center based on respondent characteristics. The method used is descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional design, involving 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus selected through total sampling technique. Data were collected through random blood glucose tests, blood pressure measurements, and interviews regarding smoking habits and family history. The results showed that 58% of respondents had high blood glucose levels, while 70% had normal blood pressure. Respondents with a family history of diabetes were more likely to experience high blood glucose levels, while smokers had a higher risk of experiencing high blood pressure. This study also found the influence of age, gender, and family history on blood glucose and blood pressure levels. Therefore, further education on healthy lifestyle and risk factor management is needed to prevent further complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Patient satisfaction is one of the factors that help improve the quality of health services. When a patient's experience after obtaining health services is compared to the patient's expectations, the resulting level of satisfaction can be measured. Finding out how satisfied Malawili Health Centre patients are with their pharmacological care was the motivation for this survey. In this descriptive study with a cross-sectional design, one hundred participants were surveyed between September and October 2023 at the Malawi Health Centre Pharmacy Services Department. Data was collected to measure the level of patient satisfaction through questions in the categories of tangible evidence (reliability), responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. SPSS software was used to analyse patient satisfaction levels. The results of the analysis of each dimension of patient satisfaction were as follows: tangibility 76.4%, reliability 82%, responsiveness 83.8%, assurance 86.7%, and empathy 89.35%. Meanwhile, the P values of the sociodemographic relationship test results and satisfaction levels were all > 0.05, including gender (0.000 < 0.1), age (0.208 > 0.1), education (0.673 > 0.1), occupation (0.000 < 0.1), and income (0.000 < 0.1).

Idayatul Khasanah (190701009). Differences in Optimism in Students of SMA NU 2 Gresik Reviewed by Gender. This study aims to determine the Differences in Optimism in Students of SMA NU 2 Gresik Reviewed from Gender. This study uses a quantitative approach, with a comparative method. Respondents in this study were students of SMA NU 2 Gresik. The sampling technique with nonprobability sampling using accidental sampling technique. A total of 110 respondents. The scale validity test uses content validity. Reliability test uses Alpha Cornbach. This study uses an optimism scale with a reliability of 0,885. Data analysis uses a different test, namely the independent sample t-test. The results of the hypothesis test show that the hypothesis of this study (Hₐ) is rejected because the Sig. (2-tailed) value is 0.076> 0.05. So, there is no significant difference in optimism in gender. The unproven hypothesis in this study can be caused by various factors that influence students' overall optimism. These factors include socio-economic conditions, the culture that applies in the student's environment, the area of residence (village or city), and social interaction patterns that are formed in schools and families.

This study examines the depiction of women’s struggles in the novel Perempuan yang Menunggu di Lorong Menuju Laut by Dian Purnomo using Françoise d’Eaubonne’s ecofeminism perspective. The novel highlights a strong connection between women and nature, both of which are subjected to oppression within a patriarchal social structure. The core issue discussed in this research is how female characters in the story respond to various forms of injustice—social, cultural, and ecological—and how the text constructs a parallel between the exploitation of women and the degradation of nature. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the forms of resistance expressed by the female characters against gender-based oppression and environmental damage. In addition, the research aims to demonstrate how ecofeminism serves as a critical framework to expose and challenge patriarchal dominance through literature. This research applies a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis. Data were gathered using reading and note-taking techniques, then interpreted based on De’Eaubonne’s ecofeminist theory. The results reveal that women in the novel resist domination through various actions, such as speaking out against injustice, rejecting violence, and raising environmental awareness. Their resistance is portrayed not just as personal defiance but as a collective effort rooted in ecological consciousness. The novel, therefore, becomes a medium that challenges patriarchal norms while proposing a more balanced relationship between humans and nature. In conclusion, this study affirms literature’s role as a powerful tool to voice socio-environmental concerns and promote the empowerment of women as agents of change.

This study explores the role of Islamic education in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through a library research approach. Islamic education, with its emphasis on moral, spiritual, and social values, aligns closely with the principles of sustainable development. The study reveals that Islamic teachings on justice, equality, social responsibility, and environmental stewardship are in harmony with the goals outlined in the SDGs. Islamic educational institutions contribute to poverty alleviation, environmental awareness, and gender equality through curriculum content and practical programs rooted in Islamic values. However, challenges such as limited curriculum integration and lack of teacher capacity remain obstacles. Therefore, it is essential to enhance the curriculum, empower educators, and build partnerships between Islamic educational institutions and broader development stakeholders to ensure Islamic education becomes a significant agent in achieving the global goals.

Sexual violence is an act that is degrading, humiliating, harassing, and/or attacking a person’s body or reproductive function, typically caused by an imbalance of power relations or gender discrimination, which results in psychological and physical suffering. Sexual violence against children is a social problem that requires special attention because this crime involves children in its commission. The Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (ICJR) also emphasizes that intercourse with a child constitutes a criminal offense, even if it is framed as consensual, in order to protect the child’s rights and future. Based on this issue, the author aims to examine efforts to combat sexual violence against children under the guise of sexual consent to find the most effective strategies to reduce this increasingly widespread crime. The research method used is a normative and empirical juridical approach. The data used includes both primary and secondary data. Data collection procedures involve literature study and field research. The data analysis was conducted using qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that efforts to combat sexual crimes include both penal and non-penal measures. Penal efforts involve the government enacting more specific regulations on sexual crimes involving adults and children under the pretense of sexual consent, as well as taking repressive measures as a last resort. Non-penal efforts conducted by relevant institutions include public outreach and education that provides information about such criminal behaviors. The suggestions in this study are: (1) To prevent sexual crimes committed under the guise of sexual consent, it is necessary to involve the community and a supportive environment that is aware of unlawful acts occurring around them, and to collectively protect family and community members from engaging in harmful behavior. (2) The government is expected to establish more specific policies regarding sexual crimes involving adults and children under the pretext of sexual consent.

This study examines the level of political participation among the populace and highlights the importance of elections as a key component of a democratic system. Scholars widely acknowledge that involvement in electoral processes serves as a primary indicator of how well a country has embraced the principle of social equality within the international framework. The study employed a mixed-method approach, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The quantitative instrument used was the Political Participation Attitude Scale (PPAS), while qualitative data were collected through the Focus Group Guide on Political Participation (FGGPP). The research posed and addressed three core research questions. The findings reveal that 57% of respondents did not actively participate in political activities. Gender was found to influence levels of engagement; 30% of male respondents and 13% of female respondents reported active involvement in political activities, while 38% of males and 12% of females consistently participated in voting. Furthermore, the survey indicated that a majority of respondents (53%) lacked trust in their political leaders. Based on these findings, the study recommends that Nigeria urgently adopt both formal and informal political education strategies to enhance civic awareness and participation. Additionally, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is encouraged to develop mechanisms that will ensure broader voter turnout in the upcoming 2015 general elections.

Regardless of ethnicity, gender, or social standing, poverty and injustice are twain plaques that are ruining lives and undermining the core of existence, according to the examiner. As a result of the unimaginable devastation, world leaders and As societal systems are being exhausted, policymakers are searching for solutions; mobility rates have increased, and the discourse surrounding income distribution is tainted. While other nations who are severely overburdened are struggling to understand the realities of these economic thunderbolts, others that have recognized these terrible patterns are formulating plans to counter the escalating threat. The purpose of the study is to look into the causes and antecedent effects of poverty on the Nigerian economy because, in spite of the admirable efforts made by the federal, state, and local governments to reduce and eradicate poverty, the nation is still plagued by widespread poverty and issues with property and life insecurity, endangering the nation's ability to remain an indivisible whole. Although there are more than a billion people in Africa, Nearly half of the population is impoverished and at risk, and this number is still rising (World Population Review, 2014). With a population of more than 170 million, Nigeria is battling not only poverty but also a host of other problems, such as a lack of capable leaders, corruption, deteriorating infrastructure, and problems with nutrition and health. In order to gather data, the study used a descriptive technique with questionnaires; 80 questionnaires were recovered and 120 were randomly dispersed to the respondents. According to the findings, poverty has increased, which has resulted in incidents like armed robberies, prostitution, bombings, and insecurity of life and property. The document makes several recommendations, including that the government develop workable programs and give young people the tools they need to become self-sufficient.

The increasing environmental challenges faced globally have highlighted the urgent need for an environmentally literate generation. Environmental literacy, encompassing cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects, is essential for fostering awareness and concern for the environment among young people. As such, understanding the level of environmental literacy in students is crucial to effectively address these challenges. This study aims to determine the environmental literacy skills of high school students in Batu City based on gender and school accreditation. The study used a descriptive quantitative approach with a purposive sampling technique. The research sample consisted of 1,054 students from six high schools, including three public schools and three private schools. The instrument used was a validated Environmental Literacy Instrument for Students (ELIS) based on a questionnaire. The results indicated that, in general, students' environmental literacy skills were in the high category, with an average percentage of 78-80% across all dimensions. The Independent sampel t-test revealed a significant difference in environmental literacy skills based on gender, with female students demonstrating higher concern for the environment compared to male students. Additionally, a significant difference was found between schools with A and B accreditation, with A-accredited schools showing higher results. This study recommends emphasizing the importance of experiential learning, as well as considering gender and accreditation factors in the development of environmental literacy programs.

Indonesia faces various nutritional problems, one of which is central obesity. This condition occurs due to excessive energy intake that surpasses the amount of energy used for metabolism and daily activities. The excess energy is stored as fat tissue, which eventually leads to weight gain and increases the risk of various metabolic diseases. This study aims to examine the risk factors for central obesity in the community at Mon Geudong Public Health Center, Lhokseumawe City.This study employs a descriptive observational method with a cross-sectional survey design. The population consists of 1,121 individuals, and the sample was obtained using a non-probability sampling technique with accidental sampling, resulting in a total of 100 respondents. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and waist circumference measurements using a measuring tape. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis to examine the distribution of respondent characteristics.The results indicate that the most affected age group is 56–65 years (49.0%). Based on gender, more women (80.0%) experience central obesity compared to men (20.0%). The majority of respondents are unemployed, possess good knowledge levels, and 69.0% have a family history of central obesity.The study concludes that the primary risk factors for central obesity include age, gender, occupation, and family history. However, knowledge level is not considered a risk factor for central obesity. This research is expected to serve as a basis for central obesity prevention efforts through education and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle in the community.

This study aims to analyze the design of Indonesian horror film posters through Pierre Bourdieu's sociological lens. The main focus of the study is to understand how the visual elements in the poster reflect the social dynamics, culture, and structure of the film industry. By using the concepts of habitus, capital (cultural, symbolic, economic), field, doxa, and social reproduction, this study reveals that the design of horror film posters not only functions as a promotional tool, but also as a medium that reproduces local cultural values ​​and community beliefs about the supernatural world. Elements such as traditional ghosts such as genderuwo, kuntilanak and mystical symbols such as keris, offerings, then there are dark colors, and a scary atmosphere reflect the habits of audiences who are familiar with local myths. This study also shows that horror film posters reproduce stereotypes about the relationship between humans and the supernatural world, and strengthen the hierarchy of spiritual power through visual symbols. These findings confirm the relevance of Bourdieu's theory in understanding cultural phenomena through visual media. This study is expected to provide new insights for filmmakers, graphic designers, and students in understanding the interaction between culture, aesthetics, and the film industry.

Background: When someone falls, they quickly lay down or sit down on the ground or floor, whether they are aware of it or not.  Many older people experience falling as a normal part of getting older.  One in three older people will fall at least once a year, and half of those people have fallen more than once in the past.  There are many things that can make an older person more likely to fall. These include sociodemographic factors like age, gender, and socioeconomic status, physiological factors like neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, biomechanical, muscle strength, balance, and gait pattern, medical conditions (pathological), environment, and psychological factors.  Aminia et al. (2022) say that anxiety and fear of falling are mental disorders that happen to older people.  Mhetod: A pre-experimental research design with a one-group pretest and post-test design, a purposive sampling technique, and 14 people who filled out an observation sheet.  Findings: This research shows that there is a link between older people's body balance and their risk of falling.  A P value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05, was found in the study used Gamma correlation.  Because the 0.000 P number is less than 0.05, there is a link. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between body balance and the risk of falling in the elderly at the Pucang  

Blood pressure that is higher than normal is known as hypertension. This is a disease to be wary of because it has no signs and symptoms. Recurrence experienced by a person more than once with characteristics that occur frequently and are usually unpleasant. Several factors that influence compliance with treatment, family history, stress, diet compliance. This research aims to identify factors that play a role in the occurrence of relapse in hypertension patients. This research uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive method, which aims to describe the phenomenon in a certain population. Data were collected through the MMAS-8, PSS, and DASH questionnaires from 140 respondents selected using purposive sampling techniques. Based on the results of research from 140 respondents suffer from hypertension, it can concluded that majority were 57 people (40.7%), 76 people were female (54.3%), 137 people were married (97.9%), 53 people had a high school education level. people (37.9%), the longest duration of suffering from hypertension is 1-5 years as many as 62 people (44.3%), the occupation of respondents who work is 86 (61.4%), genetics and family history are the most many families, 88 people (62.9%), 79 people (56.4%) were moderately compliant with medication, 105 people were moderately stressed (75.0%), and 132 people were compliant with diet (94.3%). The results of this research revealed that a number of factors that contribute to recurrence in hypertensive patients include age, gender, marital status, education level, duration of illness, family history, compliance with treatment, stress levels, and compliance with diet.

Several problems occur in patients with diabetes mellitus, one of which is anxiety. Anxiety is a vague feeling of worry and is usually related to worrying about unexpected dangers that occur in the future. Anxiety can increase blood cortisol levels and increase the risk of progressive insulin resistance, which can lead to increased blood sugar levels.The purpose of this study was to describe the factors that influence anxiety in patients with diabetes mellitus.The type of research taken in this study is descriptive research, which is to see a description of the phenomena that occur in a certain population with a cross sectional data collection level. Data collection with AIS, DSES, HDFSS questionnaires with 114 respondents at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang with purposive sampling technique and data analysis using univariate analysis. Of the 114 respondents, the research results showed that the age of 51-60 was 45 people (39.5%), female gender was 75 people (65.8%), Muslim religion totaling 114 people (100%), long suffering from DM 1-5 years as many as 79 people (69.3%), did not have complications as many as 62 people (54.4%), low education (Not in School, Elementary School, Junior High School) as many as 79 people (69.3%), self-employed work as many as 57 people (50%), and income> Rp. 2. 500-000 - Rp 3,500.00 / month as many as 35 people (30.7%), moderate self-acceptance as many as 67 people (58.8%), good spirituality level as many as 86 people (75.4%), and high family support as many as 83 people (72.8%). The results of this study show that the factors that influence the anxiety of patients with diabetes mellitus are age, gender, religion, duration of DM, complications, education, occupation, income, self-acceptance, level of spirituality, family support.

Chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis often experience sleep problems. This condition can affect the patient's quality of life physically and mentally. This study examined the relationship between the level of spirituality, coping mechanisms, and sleep disturbances in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. Psychological factors such as the level of spirituality and coping mechanisms can affect patients' adaptation to stress due to chronic illness, including sleep disturbances. Using a cross-sectional design, this study involved several patients who were in the hemodialysis room of the hospital. The purposive sampling method was used to conduct this study on seventy samples. Data processing was done with the chisquare test. The results showed that the sign value of 0.034 < 0.005 and 0.038 < 0.05, which indicates that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. There is a relationship between age, gender, level of spirituality, coping mechanisms, sleep disorders in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. In addition, adaptive coping mechanisms were also found to have a positive correlation with good sleep quality. This study concludes that increasing spirituality with adaptive coping mechanisms can contribute to the improvement of sleep quality in chronic renal failure (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Sexual violence in the digital space can occur in various motives, such as Flaming, which is an act of harassment committed personally on social media, where the perpetrator insults, attacks, or humiliates the victim through abusive words, private photos, or messages that lead to sexual activity. In the context of digital sexual violence. This form of harassment aims to cause the victim distress, fear, or embarrassment, and can cause psychological trauma. To protect victims, the law needs to impose sanctions against sexual harassment committed through electronic media. In the Indonesian legal system, several laws have been implemented to follow up and address this kind of crime, including the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (ITE Law), the Criminal Code (KUHP), and the Sexual Violence Crime Law (TPKS Law), so that perpetrators of sexual violence in digital spaces are expected to be subject to strict criminal sanctions. Laws are an important step in law enforcement and victim protection. However, effective implementation and public education are needed to achieve these goals. Therefore, there is a need for training for law enforcement officials to better understand and be able to handle appropriate cases of digital sexual violence and community counselling and public education to increase public awareness of electronic sexual violence.

The level of knowledge about abortion attitudes among adolescents in Indonesia is still minimal about abortion knowledge the number of unwanted pregnancies in Indonesia is around 17.5% in adolescents aged 14-19 years, and 20% of abortions are carried out by adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and abortion attitudes in female adolescents at SMA X. this study is a type of quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The number of respondents was 91 people with a proportional sampling technique, one of which is simple random sampling. The data obtained were processed statistically using the chi-square formula. Based on the results of the analysis, 91 research respondents were obtained, most of whom had age characteristics of adolescents aged 10-18 years, the gender in this studi was female, the results of the study also showed that 91.2% had high knowledge, 8.8% had sufficients knowledge, 2.2% had negative abortion attitudes, 97.8% had positif abortion attitudes. The consclusion of of this study is that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes towards abortion in female adolescents at SMA X. With p-value of 0.03˂0.05.

Teenage pregnancy is important issue because reproductive organs are not ready and can endanger mother and child she is carrying. Other impacts are premature babies and increased maternal and child mortality rates, due to lack of proper newborn care. was determine relationship between teenage pregnancy and incidence of prematurity and ability to care for newborns. This research is a type of quantitative research using a Cross Sectional approach. Data collection was carried out using questiobbaire. Number of respondents was 70 people with a purposive sampling technique. Based on analysis result, it was obtained that from 70 respondents of study, majority had characteristics of adolescence as much 64,3%. Overall gender characteristics were female 100%, with characteristics of majority of education level having a high school education of 57,1%. Characteristics of majority of jobs were housewives as much 45,7% and private employees as much 42,9%. Result of study also showed that teenage pregnancy less than 19 years old experienced premature births 28% and mature 72%, while teenage pregnancy more than 19 years old experienced premature births 4,4% and mature 95,6%. Teenage pregnancy less than 19 years old were able to carry out newborn baby care with 48% good ability, 40% moderate ability, and 12% poor ability, while teenage pregnancy more than 19  years old were able to carry out newborn baby care with 77,1% good ability, 4,4% moderate ability, and 2,2% poor ability. Research result it can be concluded there is relationship between teenage pregnancy and incidence of prematurity and ability to care for newborns with p-value of 0,008 (<0,05) for incidence of prematurity and p-value of 0,000 (<0,05) for newborn care.

CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis need to manage fluid restrictions, fluid restrictions trigger thirst and cause hypervolemia which can worsen the patient's condition. The intervention of sucking ice cubes or slimmer ice can help reduce thirst and help patients manage fluids. The aim of this scientific work is to provide slimber ice therapy intervention to reduce thirst in Chronic Kidney Failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. This case study uses a descriptive method with a nursing process approach carried out on 3 respondents aged 19-56 years using a One Group Pretest Posttest research design and measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) instrument before and after being given slimber ice therapy and analyzed by calculating the average value. The results showed that the age of the respondents was 19-56 years, gender was female for 1 respondent, male for 2 respondents. After being given slimber ice therapy to 3 respondents twice, when the patient underwent hemodialysis therapy twice a week, the average score for thirst was reduced from a VAS score of 5.1 (moderate thirst) to a score of 1.2 (light thirst) after being given the therapy. It is hoped that the results of this case study can be applied to reduce thirst and help limit fluids in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at Charitas Hospital Palembang.

Education is necessary to address the low level of teenage understanding on reproductive health. This affects unintended pregnancies, abortions, IMS/PMS, and HIV/AIDS. This study set out to ascertain how offering audiovisual education packages affected the degree of teenage knowledge and attitudes about reproductive health at SMA Sultan Agung Islamic 3. This research is a quantitative research with a pre-experiental approach. The design of this research uses one group pretest-posttest design. Data collection was done by questionnaire. The number of respondents was 79 with random sampling method. The data obtained were processed statistically using the Wilcoxon formula. Based on the result of the analysis, the majority of 79 respondents had 100% characteristics of 10-18 years with 54,4% female gender and 45,6% male gender. The research result that before being given the audiovisual education package, 59,3% of respondents possessed adequate knowledge, 36.7% possessed strong knowledge, and 3.8% possessed inadequate knowledge. After being given the audiovisual education package, overall respondents fell into the 100% good knowledge category. Before being given the audiovisual education package, 63,3% of respondents had attitudes in the negative group, but all responder attitudes fell into the positive category after receiving the audiovisual education package. Providing audiovisual education packages has an impact on teenagers' reproductive health knowledge and attitudes (p value=0,000 <0.05 with a Z value of knowledge -5.444 and attitude -7.071).