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This study explores the effect of varying proportions of mocaf flour and tofu dregs flour on the physical and chemical characteristics of gluten-free cookies. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor: the proportion of mocaf flour and tofu dregs flour. The treatment levels were as follows: 45g mocaf flour + 15g tofu dregs flour, 30g mocaf flour + 30g tofu dregs flour, and 15g mocaf flour + 45g tofu dregs flour. Sensory evaluations (taste, aroma, appearance, and texture) and chemical analyses (moisture, protein, fat, and ash content) were conducted. The results indicate that the proportion of mocaf flour and tofu dregs flour significantly affects panelists' acceptance in terms of taste, aroma, and appearance. The most preferred formulation was 30g mocaf flour + 30g tofu dregs flour, with sensory scores of 3.80 for taste, 3.20 for aroma, 4.28 for texture, and 3.61 for appearance. Proximate analysis revealed that the product contained 2.58% moisture, 1.63% ash, 25.27% protein, and 24.86% fat.

This study examines the utilization of haiku as a form of response to postwar trauma through Kaneko Tota’s and Saito Sanki’s war-themed haiku. Following Japan’s defeat in World War II in 1945, a cultural shift occurred marked by transformation within traditional arts, particularly haiku, which became a significant medium for expressing traumatic historical and social experiences. Although both poets used haiku as a medium to express dissatisfaction and critique the socio-political conditions of the postwar period, they represented different generations and approaches in responding to postwar trauma. Saito, having directly experienced the trauma of war, developed a deconstructive strategy towards traditional haiku conventions. Meanwhile, Kaneko, belonging to the postwar generation, adopted a more radical approach in formal and semantic experimentation. These dual strategies not only embodied individual artistic responses to trauma but also contributed to a broader cultural project aimed at reconstructing Japan’s collective identity in the postwar era. Yuri Lotman’s cultural semiotics framework is employed to analyze the semiotic transformation dynamics in the poets' works. Lotman’s theory, with its key concepts of semiosphere, cultural text, and translation mechanisms, offers a comprehensive analytical tool for understanding the dynamics of sign systems and cultural meanings in World War II-themed haiku. From the analysis of five war-themed haiku, it is concluded that both poets constructed a collective trauma discourse. Rather than employing explicit descriptive narratives, the trauma discourse utilizes strong semiotic condensation strategies. Saito and Kaneko juxtaposed established cultural symbols and codes, such as Hiroshima as a metaphor of absolute destruction, the marathon as a symbol of life, breasts as a symbol of motherhood, and blooming flowers representing renewal into new surreal configurations that created novel meanings at the semiotic boundaries where tensions clashed.

This study examines the utilization of haiku as a form of response to postwar trauma through Kaneko Tota’s and Saito Sanki’s war-themed haiku. Following Japan’s defeat in World War II in 1945, a cultural shift occurred marked by transformation within traditional arts, particularly haiku, which became a significant medium for expressing traumatic historical and social experiences. Although both poets used haiku as a medium to express dissatisfaction and critique the socio-political conditions of the postwar period, they represented different generations and approaches in responding to postwar trauma. Saito, having directly experienced the trauma of war, developed a deconstructive strategy towards traditional haiku conventions. Meanwhile, Kaneko, belonging to the postwar generation, adopted a more radical approach in formal and semantic experimentation. These dual strategies not only embodied individual artistic responses to trauma but also contributed to a broader cultural project aimed at reconstructing Japan’s collective identity in the postwar era. Yuri Lotman’s cultural semiotics framework is employed to analyze the semiotic transformation dynamics in the poets' works. Lotman’s theory, with its key concepts of semiosphere, cultural text, and translation mechanisms, offers a comprehensive analytical tool for understanding the dynamics of sign systems and cultural meanings in World War II-themed haiku. From the analysis of five war-themed haiku, it is concluded that both poets constructed a collective trauma discourse. Rather than employing explicit descriptive narratives, the trauma discourse utilizes strong semiotic condensation strategies. Saito and Kaneko juxtaposed established cultural symbols and codes, such as Hiroshima as a metaphor of absolute destruction, the marathon as a symbol of life, breasts as a symbol of motherhood, and blooming flowers representing renewal into new surreal configurations that created novel meanings at the semiotic boundaries where tensions clashed.

This study examines the strategic role of euphemism in Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, arguing that it was instrumental not only in managing collective grief but also in preserving the nation’s symbolic dignity. While much scholarship on the Gettysburg Address has concentrated on rhetorical artistry or historical significance (Wills, 1992; White, 2009), relatively few have analyzed it through the combined lens of sociolinguistics, specifically euphemism and face-work. Drawing on Allan and Burridge’s (2006) framework of euphemism and Goffman’s (1955) theory of face, this paper situates Lincoln’s speech within the broader sociolinguistic processes of healing, unity, and image restoration. Through a qualitative textual analysis, the study identifies three dominant euphemistic strategies: sanctification of sacrifice through sacred language, collectivization through inclusive pronouns, and redefinition of crisis as a “new birth of freedom.” These strategies operated at semantic, pragmatic, and sociopolitical levels to protect national face, transform perceptions of the Civil War, and realign public consciousness toward unity and resilience. Beyond historical interpretation, this research highlights the relevance of euphemism and face-work in contemporary political communication. Leaders in modern contextsfrom economic crises to global pandemics continue to rely on euphemistic  framing to manage uncertainty and inspire solidarity. By revisiting Lincoln’s address through this sociolinguistic perspective, the study demonstrates how language can simultaneously mitigate trauma, construct identity, and articulate a hopeful collective future.

Eclecticism in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) is evident through the incorporation of various opinions from different schools of Islamic jurisprudence, including the Shafi‘i school as the dominant madhhab in Indonesia, as well as the Hanafi, Maliki, and Hanbali schools, alongside several modern approaches. This method reflects an effort to reconstruct Islamic law so that it aligns with social needs and the national legal system. This study employs a library research method. The primary sources consist of the official text of the KHI, classical fiqh works from the four major schools (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi‘i, and Hanbali), and contemporary literature on Islamic family law in Indonesia. The analytical techniques used include document study, article content analysis, and tracing the compatibility of madhhab opinions with the norms adopted in the KHI, supplemented by a sociological approach to assess the implications of its implementation in practice. The findings indicate that the application of eclecticism in Book I of the KHI is grounded in (a) social plurality; (b) the sustainability of the national legal system; (c) the values of justice; and (d) legal adaptability. The procedural steps of madhhab-based eclecticism in the KHI involve: (a) identifying issues of Islamic law to be compiled, (b) examining textual evidences and madhhab opinions, (c) selecting the most beneficial view (maslahah), (d) harmonizing it with the national legal system, and (e) conducting academic validation and social feasibility testing.    

In the digital era, the erosion of moral values among young people has become a pressing challenge for Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Folktales, as part of Indonesia’s cultural heritage, offer universal moral lessons that resonate with Islamic principles. This study investigates the potential of folktales as instructional media for instilling Islamic values while addressing the demands of digital-based learning. A qualitative descriptive method was applied, involving textual analysis of folktales, classroom observations, and interviews with teachers and students. The selected stories Malin Kundang, Bawang Merah Bawang Putih, Timun Mas, and Lake Toba were examined to identify moral values consistent with Qur’anic and prophetic teachings. Data were analyzed using reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation to enhance validity. The results reveal that folktales embody key Islamic values such as filial piety, honesty, patience, courage, and loyalty to promises. Their integration into PAI classes not only increased student attention and emotional engagement but also encouraged deeper moral reflection. Moreover, digital adaptations through animations, videos, and digital storytelling expanded their relevance to contemporary learners, although challenges remain in teachers’ digital literacy and the need for contextual reinterpretation. This study concludes that folktales are more than cultural narratives; they are strategic tools for moral education. By leveraging digital innovation, folktales can reinforce character formation, sustain the relevance of PAI, and prepare Muslim students to be adaptive and value-driven in navigating modern society.

This research  examines the transfiguration of Jesus in the Synoptic Gospels, with particular emphasis on the theological distinctiveness of the Gospel of Mark. The study employs a qualitative method using a literature review approach, focusing on narrative analysis, textual comparison, and theological reflection. The analysis shows that although Matthew, Mark, and Luke present the transfiguration event, each Gospel offers distinctive features in wording, narrative structure, and theological emphasis. Mark presents the transfiguration in a concise form, portraying Jesus as the messianic Son of God and as a prophet like Moses, while highlighting the apocalyptic and symbolic aspects of this divine encounter. From Mark’s perspective, the transfiguration serves as a prefiguration of Jesus’ resurrection and a revelation of His messianic identity, which in the Greco-Roman context may be understood as apotheosis—the elevation of a human into divinity. This study affirms that the transfiguration in Mark is not only a historical event but also a theological event that encompasses eschatological and christological dimensions, as well as a reflection on divine hiddenness. In conclusion, the transfiguration is understood as a manifestation of Jesus’ hidden glory within suffering, confirming that the path to resurrection and glory must pass through the cross. This article contributes to biblical and theological studies by demonstrating how Mark articulates a unique christology, one that remains relevant for contemporary Christian faith and opens avenues for further exploration through apocalyptic theology and scriptural intertextuality.

Social changes driven by globalization and advancements in digital technology have led to a shift in the values surrounding human sexuality, from being sacred to becoming increasingly liberal and permissive. This phenomenon has triggered an identity crisis, particularly among the younger generation. This study aims to explore the meaning of self-control as presented in Sirach 5:2 and to evaluate its relevance as an ethical and theological foundation in addressing the contemporary crisis of sexuality. The method employed is a literature study using a qualitative-theological approach and textual analysis of Sacred Scripture. The findings indicate that self-control in Sirach 5:2 is not merely the suppression of desire but an expression of moral and spiritual maturity grounded in wisdom and divine grace. In light of Christian ethics, this virtue shapes responsibility, chastity, and fidelity within human relationships. Thus, self-control becomes a fundamental basis for building personal integrity and a dignified direction of life amidst a permissive cultural current.

This study aims to examine the concept of servant leadership based on Matthew 20:20-28 and its relevance to the leadership of pastors in the Pakpak Dairi Protestant Christian Church (GKPPD). The background of this research stems from the dynamics of church leadership, which still faces challenges in realizing the values of service, humility, and relational closeness as taught by Jesus Christ. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach, focusing on the analysis of biblical texts and literature on biblical theology, Christian leadership, and pastoral spirituality. The results of the study show that Jesus introduced a leadership paradigm that is different from the world's pattern, namely leadership that is rooted in service, sacrifice, and love. This principle requires spiritual transformation in church leaders so that their ministry reflects the character of Christ. In the context of GKPPD, the application of servant leadership is important because of the influence of local culture, which emphasizes social structure, and the congregation's need for authentic, relational, and humble leaders. This research confirms that servant leadership is not only theological but also contextual in responding to the challenges of church life, as well as providing theoretical and practical contributions in building a leadership paradigm that is in line with the Gospel and relevant to the local church today.

This research aims to analyze the use of phrases in opinion texts on detik.com media. This analysis focuses on the phrases used, as well as their impact on readability and conveying information to readers. The research method used is a qualitative method. This data was obtained from several opinion articles published in October 2024 on detik.com media. The results of this research show that the use of phrases in opinion texts on detik.com media, shows several discussions on the identification of verbal and nominal phrase forms found in a total of 9 verbal phrases and 11 nominal phrases in several opinion texts. This article is useful to help evaluate the readability of opinion texts published on detik.com. By analyzing opinion text phrases, this article can provide an overview of the quality of information conveyed in detik.com media. Is the information conveyed in appropriate, clear and effective language? This article helps identify whether an opinion is expressed in an objective manner. This analysis is expected to provide insight into the importance of using appropriate phrases in writing opinion texts in online media.

This study aims to analyze the use of chronological conjunctions and conjunctions of causality in the news text in TribunJatim.com February 2025 edition. Chronological conjunctions are used to express the sequence of time in an event, while the conjunction of causality connects the causal relationship in sentences. The analysis was carried out by qualitative descriptive method, with data collection techniques in the form of news text documentation published during that period. The results showed that the use of chronological conjunctions was more dominant in narrative news, while causality conjunctions were found in many news and opinion news. This finding is expected to be a reference in learning Indonesian, especially in understanding the role of conjunctions in written discourse. The method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection through documentation of news texts published during the specified period. The analysis involves identifying the types of conjunctions, their functions, and the accuracy of their usage within the context of the news. The results show that chronological conjunctions are more dominantly found in narrative news that tells a sequence of events in order, while causal conjunctions are more frequently used in analytical and opinion news that emphasize cause-and-effect relationships. These findings provide a clear empirical overview of the patterns of conjunction usage in online news texts. This study is expected to serve as an important reference in Indonesian language learning, especially in understanding the role and function of conjunctions in constructing cohesive and communicative written discourse.

The use of effective sentences in academic communication is essential, especially in essay writing that contains various legal arguments. Essays should employ proper sentence structures to clearly conver ideas and persuade readers. This study aims to analyze ineffective sentence constructions found in the Kumpulan Esai Kritis NACE Competition 2021 published on thr LK2 FHUI website as educational reading material. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and theoretical. Data collection was carried out using observation and note-taking techniques by analyzing various types of errors in the essay texts. The data collection process followed four steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, (3) discussion, and (4) conculusion and recommendation. The results show that many ineffective sentences are still found in the essays, such as punctuation errors, wordiness, inappropriate use of foreign terms, improper word choices, and excessive repetition. These errors negatively impact the clarity and persuasiveness of the messages and arguments within the essays. This research is expected to contribute to improving essay writing quality and the development of more effective academic literacy.

An Anthology of Opinions Towards a Healthy Indonesia and Optimal State Revenue through Tobacco Excise Policy Reform contains ideas related to tobacco excise policy in supporting public health and optimizing state revenue. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of sentences in a collection of opinion pieces about a healthy Indonesia and optimal state revenue through tobacco excise policy reform. In conducting the research, the authors used a methodological approach in the form of a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection with this method is done using reading and recording techniques. This research uses text analysis techniques with a qualitative descriptive analysis approach as a data analysis technique. Based on the analysis that has been carried out on Bunga Rampai Collection of Opinions Towards a Healthy Indonesia and Optimal Revenue through Tobacco Excise Policy Reform, 11 effective sentences have been found. Meanwhile, errors related to EYD and KBBI were also found with details in the form of 16 ineffective sentences, 31 ambiguous sentences, 5 sentences with capitalization errors, 12 sentences with nonstandard words, and 18 sentences with other types of errors. In addition to being used as a reference for analyzing sentence effectiveness, this research is also useful for enriching the study of tobacco excise policy communication, especially for RPJM 2025-2029 policymakers. In addition, this research can also be used as a reference for further research related to sentence effectiveness.

This study analyzes the quality of content and the ineffectiveness of sentences in opinion texts found on the "Liputan6.com" website in February 2025 as reading material and sources of information for students. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods and a syntactic approach. Qualitative research and syntactic approaches are used to analyze the quality of content and effective sentences. The research data is the result of identifying ineffective sentences used in opinion texts on the "Liputan6.com" website, February 2025 Edition as reading material and a source of information for students. The data collection technique in this study uses a syntactic approach in the form of listening and note-taking techniques. In this study, data presentation was carried out using informal methods. The data is presented in a table containing several ineffective sentences and their corrections. The results of the analysis of opinion texts found on the February 2025 edition of the "Liputan6.com" website found 263 structured sentences, consisting of 140 effective sentences and 133 ineffective sentences. From this study, ineffective sentences are classified into 5 categories, namely 14 ineffective sentences due to excessive use of words, 19 due to inappropriate word choice, 12 due to use of foreign languages, 5 due to inappropriate use of conjunctions, 9 due to illogical sentences, 6 due to incorrect use of punctuation, 3 due to use of sentences that are too simple. This study can help writers pay attention to how they write opinion texts that are in accordance with linguistic rules and are useful as a guideline for writing effective sentences.

The effectiveness of sentences has a very important influence on the quality of the content of a literary work. In writing essays, it is important to use effective sentences so that implied and explicit messages can be conveyed clearly and well. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sentences in essay texts on the April 2024 Edition of the "Metafor.id" Page as teaching materials for reading comprehension. This study uses two approaches, namely the methodological approach and the theoretical approach. The methodological approach uses a qualitative descriptive approach, while the theoretical approach applies syntactic analysis to evaluate the quality of content and analyze effective sentences. The data collection technique in this study uses intensive reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using the distribution method.This research is expected to be useful for readers in writing good and correct essay texts in accordance with linguistic rules so as to produce cohesive essay texts and effectively structured sentences.

This research analyses the effectiveness of descriptive text sentences on the January 2025 edition of Good News From Indonesia as a reading text feasibility. This research is motivated by the writer's analysis of sentences in descriptive texts that do not follow Indonesian language rules. This study aims to review the effectiveness of sentences in four description texts published on the Good News From Indonesia page, which are examined based on cohesion and coherence, word inefficiency, word inflexibility, and spelling errors, to produce more effective sentences, following Indonesian language rules. The method used in this research is a descriptive and theoretical approach using syntax to analyse the effectiveness of sentences. The analysis results in the 4 Good News From Indonesia description texts show several ineffective sentences, including word inefficiency, word inflexibility, spelling errors, and cohesion and coherence between sentences. With this research in analysing sentence effectiveness, it is hoped that it can increase readers' knowledge and insight into understanding the importance of effective sentences in descriptive texts.

This study examines syntax, a branch of linguistics that investigating the structure and rules for constructing larger components such as words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The focus of this article is on analyzing sentences found in opinion texts. The primary goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of sentences in opinion articles from the January 2025 edition of "Harian Jogja" as instructional materials for reading comprehension, particularly regarding word choice and punctuation. A qualitative descriptive method is employed, with a syntactic theoretical framework. The data presented is based on the analysis of sentence effectiveness in the opinion texts from the January 2025 edition of "Harian Jogja." Data collection includes listening and note-taking techniques, while the analysis uses the Aghigh technique. The data is informally presented in tables that highlight ineffective sentences along with their corrections. The study of three opinion texts from the "Harian Jogja" website in January 2025 resulted in a total of 147 sentences, with 118 effective and 16 ineffective sentences. Specifically, in the opinion article titled "Ethics and Productivity of Generation Z," 37 sentences were effective and 5 were ineffective; in "The Rise of Online Purchasing Fraud," 55 sentences were effective and 15 were ineffective; and in "Going through Digital Transformation: Recruitment Challenges in Banking," 26 sentences were effective and 9 were ineffective. This study aims to help distinguish between effective and ineffective sentences in texts.

This research analyses the effectiveness of descriptive text sentences on the January 2025 edition of Good News From Indonesia as a reading text feasibility. This research is motivated by the writer's analysis of sentences in descriptive texts that do not follow Indonesian language rules. This study aims to review the effectiveness of sentences in four description texts published on the Good News From Indonesia page, which are examined based on cohesion and coherence, word inefficiency, word inflexibility, and spelling errors, to produce more effective sentences, following Indonesian language rules. The method used in this research is a descriptive and theoretical approach using syntax to analyse the effectiveness of sentences. The analysis results in the 4 Good News From Indonesia description texts show several ineffective sentences, including word inefficiency, word inflexibility, spelling errors, and cohesion and coherence between sentences. With this research in analysing sentence effectiveness, it is hoped that it can increase readers' knowledge and insight into understanding the importance of effective sentences in descriptive texts.

The use of effective sentences in academic communication is essential, especially in essay writing that contains various legal arguments. Essays should employ proper sentence structures to clearly conver ideas and persuade readers. This study aims to analyze ineffective sentence constructions found in the Kumpulan Esai Kritis NACE Competition 2021 published on thr LK2 FHUI website as educational reading material. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and theoretical. Data collection was carried out using observation and note-taking techniques by analyzing various types of errors in the essay texts. The data collection process followed four steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, (3) discussion, and (4) conculusion and recommendation. The results show that many ineffective sentences are still found in the essays, such as punctuation errors, wordiness, inappropriate use of foreign terms, improper word choices, and excessive repetition. These errors negatively impact the clarity and persuasiveness of the messages and arguments within the essays. This research is expected to contribute to improving essay writing quality and the development of more effective academic literacy.

This research is motivated by the importance of using appropriate and correct Indonesian in digital learning media, especially texts exposed oxn the “Ruangguru” platform. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of language errors contained in the exposition text and to show the causal factors that will later be used as reading material on the internet. The quality of appropriate exposition text will affect the critical ability of its readers. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with the Listen and Note Technique. Data analysis uses the distribution method with the Direct Elements Technique. The results of the study show that punctuation, word choice, and word additions, with word choice errors being the most dominant. This error is caused by a lack of understanding of Indonesian rules and the influence of the use of everyday language. The benefits of improving the quality of digital education materials and increasing awareness of the importance of using Indonesian in accordance with the rules of the world of education.