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Introduction: Osteoporosis is a disease that is often suffered by the elderly because the elderly's bones have lost a lot of nutrients. With the prevalence of osteoporosis in the elderly, to find out how to prevent osteoporosis, action is needed that can cover all aspects that cause a decrease in bone strength in the elderly and actions that can reach this aspect are by eating healthy food and doing physical exercise. The purpose of this research: To identify that physical exercise and healthy eating can prevent osteoporosis in the elderly. Research methods: By using a literature review as a search guide for research articles obtained from the internet using internet sites and Google Scholar. The results: Analysis of 10 selected research articles shows that physical exercise and healthy food can have several benefits: physical benefits can improve physical fitness, maintain body health and increase bone strength. The psychological benefits can increase the quality of life and keep feelings positive. Physical exercise and eating healthy foods can help prevent osteoporosis in the elderly due to a lack of protein and nutrients in their bones. Conclusion: The results of this literature review are that physical exercise and healthy eating have several benefits, namely: physical benefits can improve physical fitness, maintain body health and increase bone strength. The psychological benefits can improve the quality of life and keep feelings positive. Doing physical exercise 3 times a week with a minimum duration of 30 minutes and a maximum of 40 minutes with a time of >4 weeks will be more effective in getting many benefits and the quality of life for the elderly will also increase. 

Around 50-90% of women in the world experience dysmenorrhea. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Indonesia is reported to reach 64.25%, where 54.89%. Complementary therapy is an alternative to overcome dysmenorrhea because it is considered more natural and has minimal side effects. This study aims to review research articles related to complementary therapies that can be used to overcome dysmenorrhea. literature search through academic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Literature selection is carried out based on inclusion criteria (scientific articles in the last 5 years, English/Indonesian, relevant topics) and exclusion (irrelevant articles, no abstract/full-text). Interventions such as physical therapy (yoga and stretching), compress therapy, aromatherapy, acupressure, reflexology, and consumption of natural ingredients provide safe and natural solutions to reduce pain intensity. The selection of the appropriate method can be adjusted according to individual preferences, accessibility, and the severity of the pain experienced.

Plagiarism has become a significant issue in both academic and professional contexts, raising questions about intellectual integrity and ethics. This article aims to explore various aspects of plagiarism, including definitions, types, and its impact on scholarly and industry communities. The research methodology involves a comprehensive literature review and analysis of case studies to illustrate the prevalence and motivations behind plagiaristic behaviors. The findings indicate that acts of plagiarism not only harm the individuals involved but also undermine trust and the values of honesty within the academic and professional communities at large. This study also highlights efforts to prevent plagiarism and the importance of ethics education in promoting dignified and respectful writing practices.  

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become the leading cause of death in Indonesia, particularly among young adults, with an increasing incidence rate. Technological advancements, lifestyle changes, and environmental factors have contributed to the rising prevalence of NCDs, especially among the younger generation. In light of this, it is essential to implement prevention through health screening and education on healthy lifestyles, particularly among young adults. This community service activity was conducted on December 20 and 21, 2024, with the aim of raising awareness among young adults in West Jakarta about the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle through health screenings and the promotion of an active lifestyle, including education on nutrition status, physical activity, quality sleep, and the dangers of smoking, especially the use of e-cigarettes. The results of the activity showed that the majority of participants experienced sleep difficulties, and most did not smoke, although some used e-cigarettes. The results of nutrition status measurements also indicated that most participants fell into the obese category. Participants' physical activity levels were relatively low, with many engaging in less than 30 minutes of exercise per session and struggling to find time for regular physical activity. Education and promotion of healthy lifestyles need to be continuously improved to prevent NCDs among young adults, with a focus on improving eating habits, increasing physical activity, and managing stress.

Indonesia and Thailand, both Southeast Asian countries with high levels of cigarette consumption, have implemented health warning images on cigarette packs as a strategy to reduce smoking prevalence. This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of these warning images in creating a deterrent and fear effect on smokers in both countries. Using Roland Barthes' semiotic method, this study focuses on visual elements such as image, size, and text message. The findings show that in Indonesia, images of lung cancer victims with scary textual warnings are pasted on the packaging, whereas in Thailand, the images used are more varied and larger in size, creating a stronger visual impact. Data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health and Thailand's Global Action to End Smoking revealed that there will be 70 million smokers in Indonesia by 2024 and 11.5 million in Thailand by 2022. The comparative results suggest that the larger and more varied health warnings in Thailand may be more effective in attracting attention and triggering emotional responses compared to the more homogenous approach in Indonesia. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that effective visual warnings can influence smokers' awareness and behavior, providing important insights for the development of more dynamic public health policies tailored to each country's cultural context in tobacco control efforts.

Toxoplasma gondi is a pervasive parasite that causes a variety of diseases both in humans and animals, it infects the neural cells of the central nervous system. There have been previous reports linking this infection with Autism. Autism is a combination of complex neurodevelopmental disorders leading to alteration in social communication. This study was done to detect the frequency of seropositive Toxoplasmosis in Autistic children attending psychiatric units in Azady Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk governorate-Iraq. This case-control study was done on 40 Autistic children (30 male, 10 female) with an average age of 5.4±6 years and 40 healthy children (8 male, 32 female) with the same age range (6.1±2) year, from April 2018- January 2020. Sample collection was done by obtaining four ml of blood from all study group children for the detection of both IgM and IgG Toxoplasma gondi antibodies using the ELISA technique. Chi-square and paired T-tests were used for data analysis. The IgM serology for both Autistic and control children was negative while there was just one positive result of T.gondi IgG in Autistic Children and two positive results in normal children which made the result insignificant( X2=0.45, p-value>0.05). Regarding gender, there was no significant difference in detecting positive results between boys and girls of the study groups (X2=0.45 p value> 0.05). The study also demonstrated that Autistic Parents were statistically older than healthy children of the same age. We couldn't uncover any connection between ASD and toxoplasmosis. The age of parents & family history has a significant impact on the development of ASD.

Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects the way a person thinks, feels and behaves. People with schizophrenia seem to lose touch with reality, which can be distressing for them, their family and friends. The prevalence of schizophrenia according to Riskesdas in 2018 shows that the prevalence of schizophrenia is 6.7 per 1000 homes. The 52-year-old man was taken by his family because he was angry. The patient felt angry with his family why he was taken by his family to the hospital because the patient felt he was not crazy and had not hit anyone, then the patient spoke distractedly. The patient also said that he received whispers telling him to leave the house. The patient believes that all dead people will give strength to plants or all living creatures around the dead person's grave. Based on the history, physical examination and supporting examinations, the patient was diagnosed with F20.0 Paranoid Schizophrenia. Therapeutic management was carried out in the form of psychopharmaceuticals in the form of Risperidone 2x2mg and psychotherapy for the patient.

Efforts to reduce the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls are carried out by supplementing with Iron Tablets. This research aims to evaluate the program of providing iron tablets to adolescent girls in the work area of the Kebonsari Health Center, Madiun Regency. The research was conducted qualitatively with indepth interview techniques and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), informants were determined by purposive sampling totaling 16 people. The research was conducted in July-September 2023 at the Health Office, Madiun Regency Pharmacy Installation, Kebonsari Health Center, SMPN 2 Kebonsari and MAN 1 Madiun. The data analysis technique used triangulation, processed using reduction and presented in the narrative text. The results of the study were reviewed based on the book "Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Anemia in Adolescent Girls 2016" showing that several aspects were appropriate, including human resources, fund allocation, preparation, distribution, recording and reporting, scope of activities and accuracy of targets and distribution. While aspects that were not appropriate included facilities and infrastructure, monitoring and timeliness. Similar research should be conducted in other schools in the working area of the Kebonsari Health Center, Madiun Regency so that the effectiveness of the implementation of the program can be evaluated and improved.