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Inclusive education plays a crucial role in achieving equal access and improving the quality of education for all students, including students with special needs. In the context of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning, the implementation of inclusive education still faces significant challenges, both in terms of teaching strategies, teacher skills, and available supporting facilities and infrastructure. This study aims to describe the perceptions of PJOK teachers and classroom teachers regarding the implementation of inclusive learning for students with special needs in PJOK activities at the elementary school level. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including semi-structured interviews and documentation. The research subjects consisted of PJOK teachers and classroom teachers who teach at SDN 2 Gobras. The results show that the teachers have a good understanding of the importance of creating a friendly, adaptive, and enjoyable learning environment for students with special needs. The teachers make adjustments in learning activities through modifying tools, implementing small group strategies, providing appropriate motivation, and close collaboration with homeroom teachers and parents. However, limitations in the training received and the support of existing facilities remain significant obstacles. The findings of this study provide important implications regarding the need for ongoing training and strengthened collaboration between teachers to support the creation of more effective and sustainable inclusive education. Therefore, this research is expected to make a positive contribution to the development of inclusive education in elementary schools and raise awareness of the importance of supporting students with special needs in the learning process.

Violence in the elementary school environment has a significant impact on the psychological, social, and academic development of students. This study aims to describe the perceptions of Physical Education, Sports and Health (PJOK) teachers and classroom teachers regarding the role of physical education in preventing violence in elementary schools. A combination of descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods was applied, with a sample of 6 teachers (3 physical education teachers and 3 class teachers) from SDN Liunggunung, Tasikmalaya. The participants were selected using proportional stratified random sampling to ensure representativeness. Data collection techniques included a 4-point Likert scale questionnaire, which was validated through expert judgment and tested for reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha (≥ 0.70), along with in-depth interviews to gain richer insights. The results revealed a consensus among both groups of teachers that physical education has a positive and strategic role in preventing violence. This is achieved through the internalization of core character values such as sportsmanship, cooperation, empathy, and discipline. Additionally, physical education serves as a medium to channel students’ physical energy into constructive activities and foster emotional regulation. Structured physical activities—such as team-based games, rhythmic gymnastics, and cooperative challenges—can reduce tendencies toward aggressive behavior and promote social interaction, inclusion, and mutual respect. However, the study also found significant challenges, including inadequate sports infrastructure, limited time allocation within the school curriculum, and the need for professional development among teachers. The conclusion emphasizes that physical education is a vital component in building a safe, inclusive, and character-driven school climate, but its success depends on consistent institutional support and ongoing teacher empowerment.

State Senior High School 7 Surakarta is one of the public schools located in Surakarta City. The library activities, including member data management, book processing, and book borrowing and returning, are still conducted manually using physical logbooks. This manual process is considered inefficient and prone to errors. The purpose of this study is to develop a book borrowing system at State Senior High School 7 Surakarta that serves as a tool to assist officers in recording, loans, and returning books. This system is designed using the CodeIgniter framework to support WEB displays, programming in PHP, and using MySQL for database management. This system is created using the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method with a waterfall model that includes the stages of analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. System testing was conducted using Black-Box Testing and the System Usability Scale (SUS). The Black-Box Testing results showed that all features and functions operated correctly. The SUS evaluation produced a score of 75.68%, indicating that users generally agreed with the implementation of the system, which falls under the "acceptable" classification.

This study aims to examine the impact of managing physical and social environments on learning quality at RA Baitul Ibadah, Binjai City. Observations were conducted in four classrooms—Awan, Bulan, Bintang, and Pelangi—focusing on spatial arrangement, availability of educational materials, and social interactions. The results show that a flexible, accessible physical environment enriched with educational play tools significantly supports exploration and holistic child development. Moreover, teacher involvement in organizing space and fostering children’s independence strengthens an active and enjoyable learning atmosphere. Each classroom demonstrated unique environmental management strategies, yet all contributed positively to learning outcomes. This study highlights the critical role of planned and responsive learning environments in promoting optimal early childhood development and provides practical recommendations for early childhood institutions in creating child-friendly, educational spaces.

Measurement is a crucial initial step in the land registration process, as stipulated in Article 19 paragraph (2) letter a of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA). Article 17 of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration emphasizes that measurements must be supported by physical data and boundary arrangements based on the agreement of adjacent landowners. One key principle in this process is the contradictoire delimitatie principle, which requires the presence of interested parties during the determination of land boundaries. This thesis aims to analyze the function of contradictoire delimitatie in the measurement results of the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL), as well as to examine the legal consequences if this principle is not implemented. The study is expected to contribute to the development of legal knowledge in the field of land affairs and serve as a reference for academics, legal practitioners, judicial institutions, law enforcement officials, and land authorities. In practice, if the subject of a land parcel is unknown, information is obtained from neighboring landowners, community leaders, or relevant officials, and recorded in the Measurement Sketch (Gambar Ukur or GU). If boundary agreements have not been reached, dotted lines are used to indicate temporary boundaries. When the Work Map is attached to the GU, the landowner or their representative may sign it as a form of boundary agreement. The absence of the contradictoire delimitatie principle hinders the measurement process, map creation, land registration, and issuance of land rights certificates. Furthermore, unclear or poorly maintained boundaries often lead to overlapping claims and disputes in the field.

This research highlights the importance of the responsibility of mental education for elementary school-aged children from a holistic education perspective. The main objective of this study is to emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to children's education, which not only focuses on academic aspects but also on emotional and psychological development. Holistic education views the child as a whole, encompassing physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development, all of which are crucial in shaping character and mental health. This study underscores that elementary education should create an environment that supports the psychological development of children, enabling them to grow into balanced individuals, capable of handling emotional challenges, and mentally prepared to face life's difficulties. The research also discusses the role of educators, parents, and the community in supporting children's mental education, as well as the urgency of integrating psychological aspects into the elementary school curriculum. Therefore, this study advocates for reforms in educational approaches to create a generation that is mentally healthy, well-balanced, and ready to contribute positively to society.

Pregnancy is one of the most important stages in a woman's life, accompanied by various physiological, psychological, and social changes. This period not only affects the mother's health but also plays a crucial role in the growth and development of the fetus. To adapt to these changes, a holistic approach is needed to support the physical and mental health of pregnant women. One form of non-pharmacological intervention that is increasingly gaining popularity is prenatal yoga. Prenatal yoga is an adaptation of classical yoga tailored to the physical condition of pregnant women, with movements performed in a gentler and slower manner. The core principle of prenatal yoga is the application of breathing techniques performed with full awareness. Prenatal yoga exercises are known to improve the health of pregnant women. This study aims to examine the effects of prenatal yoga on reducing stress levels in pregnant women through an analysis of relevant literature. The results indicate that prenatal yoga is effective in reducing stress levels, improving posture, and providing relaxation benefits for the mental health of pregnant womenPrenatal Yoga

Bullying in school environments is a serious issue that negatively affects children’s physical, psychological, and social development. As individuals in a growth phase, children have the right to receive adequate legal protection. This study aims to raise students' awareness of the dangers of bullying and to provide an understanding of the available legal protection for victims. The activities were conducted through direct outreach in seven elementary and junior high schools in Palangka Raya using educational videos, banners, and pocket books. The results showed high enthusiasm from students and improved understanding of types of bullying, its impact, and the legal protections available. Collaboration between educational institutions, the government, and society proved effective in creating a safe and child-friendly school environment.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that has a long-term impact on physical growth, cognitive development, and the quality of human resources in the future. This study aims to determine the relationship between family income and nutritional status of toddlers on the incidence of stunting in the Bukit Cening Daik Health Center working area, Lingga Regency, 2024. This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 62 respondents selected through purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements, then analyzed using the chi-square test. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between family income and nutritional status of children under five with the incidence of stunting (p < 0.05). This finding suggests that economic conditions and nutritional status play an important role in preventing stunting. Therefore, nutrition interventions targeting low-income families need to be strengthened to reduce stunting in the area.  

The purpose of this article is to describe the perceptions of physical education teachers and class teachers towards the role of physical education in improving the emotional well-being of elementary school students. The main focus of the discussion is how PJOK lessons not only have an impact on physical development, but also support students' emotional growth, self-confidence, discipline, and social interaction. The methods used in this paper are observation and descriptive qualitative interviews with three resource persons, namely two physical education teachers, one class teacher at SDN 5 Imbanagara Raya. Data was collected through direct question and answer sessions that explore their experiences and views in observing changes in student behavior through PJOK activities. Based on the results of the interview, it was found that PJOK has an important role as a medium for student expression, especially for those who tend to be quiet or lack confidence. Physical activities and team games help students in forming self-confidence, discipline, and cooperation skills. In addition, collaboration between class teachers and physical education teachers is also an important key in adjusting teaching approaches that are responsive to students' emotional conditions. Thus, physical education contributes significantly to creating a learning environment that supports students' mental and emotional health.

The birth certificate archive management system at the Central Aceh Population and Civil Registration Office still uses manual methods, which causes data search and storage to be less efficient. Therefore, this study aims to design and develop a web-based birth certificate data archive information system with the Waterfall method so that the management of data is more effective, secure, and organized. The development method used is Waterfall, which consists of the stages of analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. This system was built using the PHP programming language with the Laravel framework, and using MySQL as a database. The results of implementation shows that this system is able to manage archives digitally, facilitate data search, and reduce the risk of loss or damage to physical documents. System testing is carried out using the Black Box Testing method, which shows that all main features of the system function in accordance with the designed specifications. Evaluations from users of the system also show that the system is easy to use and increases efficiency in managing birth certificate archives. With this system, it is expected that the population administration process at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Central Aceh can run faster and more accurately, and provide better services to the community.  

Age 9-10 years is a crucial stage of motor development, where physical abilities such as muscle strength, flexibility and balance significantly affect performance in sports activities, including throwing and catching skills.This study to analyze relationship between arm muscle strength, back muscle flexibility, and balance on the throwing and catching skills children aged 9–10 years at VIO Surabaya. This is quantitative research with correlational design and multiple regression analysis. The sample use 15 children (8 boys and 7 girls) who were athletes from the VIO Baseball Club Surabaya, all aged between 9-10 years. Instruments included a push-up test to measure arm muscle strength, a V-sit and reach test for back muscle flexibility, a one-leg balance test, and a throwing and catching test using a softball. The results is arm muscle strength had a significant relationship with throwing and catching skills (Pearson correlation value of r = 0.921 (p < 0.05)). In contrast, back muscle flexibility (r = 0.328) and balance (r = 0.131) did not show significant relationships. The conclution arm muscle strength is most influential factor in determining throwing and catching in children, therefore, training programs should prioritize arm strength development to support motor skill advancement in early age.

The development of built-up land in Tanjungpinang City has demonstrated rapid spatial dynamics, in line with the increasing intensity of urban activities since its designation as the capital of Riau Islands Province in 2002. This study aims to analyze the changes in built-up land in Tanjungpinang City over the period 2003 to 2023 and to identify the key factors driving this transformation. The research employed spatial analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), utilizing satellite imagery maps from the years 2003, 2013, and 2023. The findings indicate that built-up land expanded from 1,133.91 hectares (8%) in 2003 to 3,848.67 hectares (26%) in 2023, with the predominant direction of expansion occurring toward the eastern and southern parts of the city. The primary factors contributing to this growth include population increase, the development of new activity centers such as Pulau Dompak, and the construction of major infrastructure, notably the development of DI Panjaitan streets. These results suggest a growing tendency toward urban sprawl in the physical development of Tanjungpinang City, thus requiring adaptive and sustainable spatial planning strategies.

One type of student service needed by IAKN Tarutung is the Community Service and Practice (KPPM), which takes place in the sixth semester and lasts for three months. Through various community experiences and social activities that involve cooperation between students, the community, and the government, this program aims to meet basic needs and improve the welfare and tranquility of the community in Pohan Tonga Village, Siborongborong District. The two main phases of the research methodology are observation at the village head's office and the implementation of health program activities for the elderly every Wednesday. This activity lasts for 120 minutes and is scheduled once a month in the third week. Activities may include worship, counseling, community service, and physical activities. The community is becoming closer and supporting one another through events facilitated by KPPM such as village clean-ups, community service, and other social gatherings. This creates a peaceful village atmosphere and enhances relationships among residents. Village development projects are planned, implemented, and evaluated with community participation encouraged by KPPM. The community actively participates rather than just watching, fostering a sense of pride in the developmental outcomes. The conclusion of this activity is that KPPM investigates and utilizes the existing potential of Pohan Tonga village, including its human and natural resources. This potential can be a key asset for village development with proper management.

Gross motor development in toddlers (aged 1–3 years) serves as a crucial foundation for their physical, cognitive, and social growth. Parental knowledge about the stages of this development is essential for providing appropriate stimulation and early detection of developmental delays. However, studies indicate that many parents, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, still have limited understanding, potentially hindering the optimal development of their children. This study aims to analyze parental knowledge of gross motor development in toddlers through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 20 selected studies conducted between 2020 and 2025. The findings reveal variability in parental knowledge levels, with education, access to digital information, and the role of healthcare professionals identified as key determinants. Recommended interventions include community-based education programs via posyandu (integrated health posts) for rural areas and the use of digital platforms for urban populations, supported by multisectoral policy integration to ensure program effectiveness and sustainability.

Arrogance, referred to in the Quran as kibr, takabbur, or istikbār, is a serious moral issue with spiritual, social, and political dimensions that require careful consideration. Pride is a major obstacle in accepting divine truth and can contribute to the collapse of the social order, as depicted in the stories of Pharaoh, Qarun, and Iblis. In the modern context, pride appears in various complex forms, including intellectual pride, political dominance, economic inequality and exclusivism. It has also evolved into a structural problem that causes discrimination, marginalization of minority voices, and global tensions. This study analyzes the concept of pride in the Qur'ān using a theoretical approach rooted in themes. This qualitative methodology allows for the development of inductive theories directly drawn from the sacred text. This approach overcomes the limitations of previous research, which is often fragmentary and descriptive. Through open, axial, and selective coding of Qur'anic verses and stories about pride, this study will reconstruct the definition, forms, and characteristics (cognitive, affective, and behavioral) of pride, as well as its consequences in this world and the hereafter. The results show that pride manifests in actions such as belittling others, boasting of self and wealth, rejecting the truth, and showing physical arrogance.

Inclusive empowerment is a village development approach that emphasizes the active involvement of vulnerable groups—such as women, the elderly, people with disabilities , and the poor—in all stages of planning through to evaluation. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Village-Owned Enterprises ( BUMDes ) program in Daha Utara District, South Kalimantan, in ensuring participation and accessibility for these groups. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews with BUMDes managers and representatives of vulnerable groups. The evaluation was conducted based on William N. Dunn's six policy indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, fairness, responsiveness , and accuracy. The results show that the BUMDes program has had a limited positive impact on increasing the income of vulnerable groups, but their involvement is still limited, both in terms of participation and physical access. The main challenges include the lack of disability- friendly infrastructure , minimal capacity training, and community resistance due to low program transparency. On the other hand, local cultural support such as mutual cooperation, involvement of traditional leaders, and partnerships with the village government are important supporting factors. This study recommends increasing human resource capacity, strengthening inclusive infrastructure, socialization based on local wisdom, and adaptive digitalization to expand access. With strategic intervention, BUMDes is expected to be able to transform into a driving force for fair, participatory and sustainable village development.

This study aims to develop an automatic detection system to improve lift safety through early detection and rapid response to sling failure. The research method uses an experimental approach by designing a 3-story lift prototype that integrates a Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller as the main processing unit, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to detect lift position, a limit switch to detect sling failure, and a mechanical braking system using a servo motor. The system is equipped with an I2C LCD for real-time display, Telegram notifications for remote monitoring, and a buzzer alarm as an early warning. The test results show that the ultrasonic sensor has a high accuracy of 97.58% with an average error of 2.42%. The system successfully detects sling failure and activates mechanical braking automatically, preventing the basket from falling freely and allowing it to stop on the nearest floor. All control functions such as navigation buttons, motor rotation direction, and limit switch accuracy work well. This system provides an innovative solution to improve elevator safety through the integration of automatic detection technology, real-time monitoring, and direct physical response that can be applied to the development of future elevator safety technology.

Inclusive village development is a strategic priority in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with Village-Owned Enterprises ( BUMDes ) as the driving force of the local economy. However, the participation of vulnerable groups—such as people with disabilities , the elderly, women, and the poor—is still limited in BUMDes services . This study aims to evaluate the quality of BUMDes services in Daha Utara District through the SERVQUAL (Service Quality) approach which includes five dimensions: tangibles , reliability , responsiveness , assurance , and empathy . The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach . Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with three categories of participants: BUMDes managers , vulnerable groups, and community leaders. The results of the study indicate that physical facilities ( tangibles ) are not inclusive, service reliability is disrupted by limited human resources, and the assurance dimension has not been supported by ongoing training. Meanwhile, the responsiveness and empathy dimensions are relatively good interpersonally , but are not yet structured institutionally. The main obstacles identified are the lack of budget, lack of training, and the absence of a formal complaint mechanism. On the other hand, moral support from village managers and figures is a supporting factor for service transformation. This study concludes that improving the quality of inclusive services requires a transformative and participatory approach , including adaptive digitalization and active involvement of vulnerable groups in planning. These findings are expected to be the basis for making fairer and more responsive village development policies.

Complications of pregnancy and childbirth as the highest cause of maternal mortality can be prevented by examining pregnancy through regular ANC Antenatal service standards include conducting physical examinations including inspection, palpation and auscultation. In addition to physical examination, counseling and counseling is one of the standards in antenatal care (Ministry of Health, 2020). The high incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in West Sulawesi makes it very necessary to provide education on the prevention of DHF in pregnant women because dengue infection in pregnancy can cause the risk of bleeding for the mother. Community service activities aim to increase the knowledge of pregnant women about fetal development so as to minimize the incidence of emergencies in pregnancy and increase awareness of dengue fever mosquito breeding. Dengue fever infection in pregnancy. The implementation method includes an approach in the form of a pregnancy examination and providing education related to dengue fever prevention. The results of community service activities show that on May 10, 2025, pregnancy checks were carried out for 10 pregnant women and education related to dengue fever prevention was provided.