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This research was structured with the aim of improving student learning outcomes through quantum teaching learning regarding the excretory system in science learning in Class VIII-E students of SMP Negeri 20 Tasikmalaya. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR), in which the teacher is the executor of learning while the researcher is the observer. The research design uses the Kemmis and Mc. Taggart. This research was conducted in the even semester of the 2021/2022 school year, namely in March. The subjects of this study were students of Class VIII-E at SMP Negeri 20 Tasikmalaya which consisted of 33 students. The object of research is the active learning of students. Data collection techniques using observation and interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The results showed that there was an increase in the active learning of students, namely in the first cycle an average of 74 (good category) and in the second cycle 81 (very good category), meaning that the learning outcomes in cycle II had fulfilled the Minimum Completeness Criteria of 75. This means there was an increase of 9.54%. Thus the use of the quantum teaching learning model regarding the excretory system in science learning can increase the learning activity of Class VIII-E students of SMP Negeri 20 Tasikmalaya.

Media plays an important role in the learning process because it can help achieve learning objectives. The purpose of this study was to see how the effect of using smart board media on students' addition and subtraction learning outcomes. This study used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental research design. The population in the study was entirely class II students totalling 29 students, with a sample of 14 students of class II-A as the experimental class and 15 students of class II-B as the control class. Total sampling was used for sampling. To analyse the data, the Wilcoxon test was used which was carried out with SPSS version 20. The results showed that the use of smart boards had an effect on student learning outcomes in addition and subtraction material, namely the use of smart board media increased student learning outcomes when compared to conventional models. The use of smart board media in particular improves student learning outcomes with an average achievement of 83.2 very good compared to the conventional model which reaches an average of 63.3 with a moderate category. This research can be used to determine the effect of smart board media using other variables.

The aim of this research is to increase students' social studies learning motivation through the application of the mind mapping learning model, this is due to the low level of students' learning motivation towards social studies subjects at MTs Miftahul Huda Ngeni Wonotirto Blitar. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this research are (1) The steps for implementing the mind mapping learning model begin with determining the objectives to be achieved in learning, determining the material that will be presented in the mind map. After the material is determined, the next step is to prepare supporting tools. The next step is the learning process using the mind mapping learning model. (2) Student responses to the application of the mind mapping learning model get a good response from students. Students are more enthusiastic when learning activities use the mind mapping learning model. (3) The implications of applying the mind mapping learning model are a) students are interested in paying attention to the material presented, b) students become easier to understand the material, c) students become more enthusiastic about learning than usual, d) students become more active in learning activities using mind mapping model, e) student learning motivation has increased, besides that it will affect student learning outcomes.  

The aim of this research is to increase students' social studies learning motivation through the application of the mind mapping learning model, this is due to the low level of students' learning motivation towards social studies subjects at MTs Miftahul Huda Ngeni Wonotirto Blitar. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this research are (1) The steps for implementing the mind mapping learning model begin with determining the objectives to be achieved in learning, determining the material that will be presented in the mind map. After the material is determined, the next step is to prepare supporting tools. The next step is the learning process using the mind mapping learning model. (2) Student responses to the application of the mind mapping learning model get a good response from students. Students are more enthusiastic when learning activities use the mind mapping learning model. (3) The implications of applying the mind mapping learning model are a) students are interested in paying attention to the material presented, b) students become easier to understand the material, c) students become more enthusiastic about learning than usual, d) students become more active in learning activities using mind mapping model, e) student learning motivation has increased, besides that it will affect student learning outcomes.  

The problem in this research was the discovery of problems in the learning process, where students had minimal understanding regarding the material presented by the teacher. This research aims to determine whether concrete media development can influence students' interests, attitudes and abilities in absorbing information from the material presented by the teacher. This type of research is research and development (R&D) which aims to determine the validity and practicality of a concrete learning media in the form of congklak for fourth grade students at SD Inpres Maccini Baru, Tamalate District, Makassar City. The development model used is the ADDIE model consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation stages. The subjects in this research were 32 grade IV students at SD Inpres Maccini Baru, Tamalate District, Makassar City. The data collection technique was carried out by means of a questionnaire. The results of the validity and practicality that were developed were a media validity percentage of 81.6% with the "Valid" criteria. The results of the analysis in the field trials of students obtained a percentage of 81.17% "Valid/Practical". So it can be concluded that the concrete learning media in the form of congklak is valid and practical. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the Congklak media for class IV of SD Inpres Maccinni Baru, Tamalate District, Makassar City uses a type of practical development research.

This research aims to describe the planning, implementation and assessment of increasing students' interest and courage in responding in speaking learning through the Response Readers model for class VII.1 students at SMP Negeri 17 Makassar. This research approach uses a classroom action research (PTK) approach. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique used in this research was a test technique and observation with two cycles. The data analysis techniques used are quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the research show that the implementation of increasing students' interest and courage in responding in learning to speak through the Readers Response model for students in class VII.1 of SMP Negeri 17 Makassar showed significant results which were marked by an increase in the number of students who had very good and good grades. decrease at the level of sufficient and poor student categories.

The purpose of this research is to find out the comparison of Inquiry and Problem Based Learning learning models on critical thinking skills in terms of students' learning interests. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 5 Sandai. This research was a quantitative experiment with the type of quasi-experimental design (quasi-experimental) research. The design of this study followed the research paradigm flow of Randomized Only Control Group Design where the subjects taken were grouped into two groups, namely experiment I and experimental group II. In this study, the samples were VIII grade students consisting of VIII A and VIII B classes. Experimental class 1, VIII A consisted of 30 students and experimental class 2, VIII B consisted of 30 students. The data collection tools used in this study were response questionnaires and tests of critical thinking skills in the form of essay questions. The results of the analysis of variance of the two cell paths are not the same indicating that there are differences in critical thinking skills between students with high, medium and low interest in learning. Based on the post-anava test with the Scheffe method, the value of F_(.1-.2) = 0.7374; F_(.1-.3) = 6.7540; F_(.2-.3) = 1.4279; DK = {F│F<3.168}. From the results of the calculation of the two-way analysis of variance with unequal cells, the value of F_ab=1.576<F_(0.05;2;54)=3.16 means that H_0AB is accepted so that there is no interaction between the learning model and learning interest on students' critical thinking skills.

The problem in this study is the low social care character of the fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 2 Pohgading. This study aims to analyze the effect of applying the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model on the social caring character of fifth grade students at SD Negeri 2 Pohgading. This is quantitative research with ex post facto research methods with 41 students of class V SD Negeri 2 Pohgading as population and were 20 VA class students as samples determined using the Purposive Sampling technique. Data collection techniques used interviews, documentation and questionnaires on a scale of five. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. The results indicate that the cooperative learning model of the TGT type has an effect on the formation of the socially caring character of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 2 Pohgading with the testing criterion that is if the sig value is 0.00 <0.05 then there is an influence between the X and Y variables or Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, otherwise the sig value is 0.00 > 0.05. Thus, it is not affected by the variables X and Y or Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.

This study aimed to analyze the differences in the Project Based Learning (PJBL) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning models at MA PPPI Miftahussalam Banyumas on disaster mitigation material. The type of research used in this study was quasi-experimental, with research subjects namely students of class XI MA PPPI Miftahussalam Banyumas, totaling 52 students. This data collection method uses the computational computation of the SPSS program. Data processing for comparison of Project Based Learning and Problem-Based Learning models uses the t-test. The results of the t-test show the value of Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.028 <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the average student learning outcomes with the Project Based Learning and Problem-Based Learning models. The mean difference value is -5.44 which indicates the difference between the average student learning outcomes with the Problem-Based Learning model and the Project Based Learning model or 77.56 – 83 = -5.44. It can be concluded that learning using the Project Based Learning learning model is significantly more effective than using the Problem-Based Learning model.

This study was to find out how the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model to the topic of Colligative Properties in the science program at SMA Negeri 1 Babalan Class XII academic year 2021–2022 would increase students' problem-solving skills and learning activities. Three cycles of action research were used in this study. 32 SMA Negeri 1 Babalan students from the first semester of the academic year 2021–2022 served as the study's subjects. The findings came from watching students engage in learning activities and testing their capacity to solve problems at each stage of the Cycle. The results demonstrated that 1) college students' problem-solving skills improved by implementing the PBL model on the Colligative Properties subject, with average values from Cycles I to II and III of 56, 77, and 87, respectively, while the percentage of classical completion from Cycles I to II and III was 44%, 62,5%, and 87%, with gains from Cycles I to II of 0,083 and from Cycles II to II equal to 0,35; 2). Applying the PBL model to the topic of Colligative Properties resulted in an increase in the students' learning activities, with an average value of 75 in sufficient criteria, 77 in sufficient criteria, and 85 in good criteria from Cycle I to Cycle II and Cycle III, respectively.

Many studies have described meta-analysis on the overall effect of e-learning influence in learning. However, there has been no meta-analysis of the overall effect of STEM-based e-learning on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS).  The purpose of this study investigates the effect of STEM-based e-learning on students' critical thinking skills in Indonesia. This type of research is a Systematic Literature Review (SL) and meta-analysis. Data sources came from 10 national and international journals published in 2018-2023. The process of searching for data sources through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Eric, and Springer. Data analysis used the Hedge formula to calculate effect size with the help of the JSAP application. The findings show that the effect size value (ES = 0.793) is medium. This explains that STEM-based e-learning provides a very high positive impact and is effective in improving students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Furthermore, HOTS characteristics do not cause heterogeneity in the results of STEM-based e-learning research on students' Higher Order Thinking Skills. The findings suggest that educators should choose STEM-based e-learning as one of the learning models to improve students' Higher Order Thinking skills in Indonesia.

Strategy is a way or method that is chosen or it can also be interpreted as a way to achieve a goal in education. The definition of a learning strategy can be interpreted as a plan that contains a series of activities designed to achieve certain educational goals. The learning strategy includes specific learning approaches, models, methods and techniques. This research is a qualitative method, which is a method that aims to make a systematic, factual, accurate description, picture or painting of the properties and relationships between the phenomena investigated. In other words, descriptive research takes the problem or focuses on actual problems as they were at the time the research was carried out. What was collected was in the form of primary data and secondary data about teacher strategies in online learning, the techniques used in data collection were observations, interviews and documentation studies. Research leads to the methods used by teachers in online learning activities using platforms such as WhatsApp, email, and technology-based zoom.

The main problem in this study is how to apply the Project Based Learning learning model to improve student learning outcomes for social studies learning in class V SD Inpres Bontomanai. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Social Studies learning with the Project Based Learning learning model in class V SD Inpres Bontomanai. This type of research is Class Action Research which consists of two cycles where each cycle is carried out as many as 3 (three ) meeting times. The research procedures included planning, carrying out actions, observing and reflecting. The subjects in this study were 25 students of grade V SD Inpres Bontomanai. The results showed that in the first cycle that was completed individually out of 25 students only 10 students or 40% fulfilled completeness. student learning outcomes on social studies learning. Classically it is not sufficient enough because the average value is 65. Whereas in cycle II where out of 25 students there are 19 students or 76% completeness of student learning outcomes on social studies learning and classically it has been fulfilled, namely the average value is 75.80 or is in the very good category. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that student learning outcomes on social studies learning using the Project Based Learning learning model in class V SD Inpres Bontomanai have increased.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the RADEC learning model on the science learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SD Inpres 7/83 Bune. This type of research is a type of quantitative research or quasy experiment Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample and population are fifth grade students at SD Inpres 7/83 Bune, Bone Regency, totaling 40 students. The instruments in this study were tests and documentation.Based on the research results and data analysis, it can be concluded that the use of the RADEC learning model in learning has an effect on science learning outcomes in class V SD Inpres 7/83 Bune, Bone Regency. This is evident in the acquisition of the posttest average score of the experimental group's learning outcomes using the RADEC learning model compared to the acquisition of the average score in the control group students without using the RADEC learning model. The average posttest score of the experimental group was 84.5 and that of the control group was 54.7. This gain was strengthened based on the results of hypothesis testing using the T-test showing the condition for the results of t count > t table, namely 3.338 > 2.016 with the results of the hypothesis H0 being rejected and H1 being accepted. This proves that the use of the RADEC learning model has an effect on science learning outcomes in fifth grade students at SD Inpres 7/83 Bune, Bone Regency.

The purpose of this study was to improve civics learning outcomes and student activity through the PAMER learning model for fifth grade students at SDN No. 145 Bayowa Presidential Instruction, Takalar Regency. The research conducted was classroom action research (PTK). This research was conducted in two cycles which included four meetings. The subjects of this study were 21 students of class V SDN No 145 Bayowa Presidential Instruction, Takalar Regency, consisting of 11 boys and 10 girls. Data collection techniques are observation, test (evaluation), and documentation. The data obtained were then analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis.The results achieved quantitatively are (1) The application of the PAMER learning model in student activity, response and learning outcomes of class V SDN No 145 Inpres Bayowa Takalar Regency, namely an increase in student activity and courage in each cycle, where student activity in cycle I with an average score - average 49.3 in the less active category increased in cycle II to 88.1 in the very active category. Student responses in cycle I with an average of 66.1 categories responded to an increase in cycle II with an average of 80.9 categories of very responsive. (2) Improving PPKn learning outcomes and student learning activities in accordance with the results of observations during the class action process. The average score obtained by students after taking the final test from cycle I to cycle II after the learning model was applied increased from 59.3 in cycle I to 87.9 in cycle II. The completeness of learning PPKn for fifth grade students at SDN No. 145 Bayowa Presidential Instruction, Takalar Regency, has also increased. In cycle I, from 9 (42.8%) students to cycle II as many as 18 (85.7%) students achieved mastery learning and classical learning mastery reached 80%.

The rapid flow of scientific and technological developments requires an increase in the quality of human resources. Education has a very important function in improving the quality of human resources. In order to find quality human resources, quality education is also needed. Improving the quality of education needs to be carried out continuously and continuously. One way to improve the quality of education is to improve the curriculum.

Learning outcomes refer to the successful attainment of educational objectives by students who actively engage in the process of learning. Nevertheless, it is evident that student learning outcomes remain subpar, hence necessitating the implementation of a learning model aimed at enhancing student learning outcomes. The Group Investigation (GI) Learning Model is an educational approach that has been shown to enhance student learning results. The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of implementing the Group Investigation (GI) Cooperative learning model and the direct learning model on the learning outcomes of eighth-grade students at SMP N 6 Tondano. Specifically, the study focused on the topic of straight-line equations. The research employed a Quasi-Experimental Design as its chosen methodology. The present study comprised two classes, namely class VIII B as the experimental group and class VIII A as the control group. The sampling methodology employed in this study was Cluster Random Sampling. The methodology employed in this study involves the utilization of written tests for the purpose of data collecting. Based on the findings of the study, the statistical analysis using the t-test yielded a t-value of 2.5709, while the critical t-value (t-table) was determined to be 2.0322. Consequently, the calculated t-value exceeded the critical t-value (t-count > t-table). This implies that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis (H1). Based on the findings, it can be inferred that students who were exposed to the Group Investigation (GI) cooperative learning model exhibited superior learning outcomes compared to students who were subjected to the direct learning model. This observation was made specifically in the context of studying straight-line equations among eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 6 Tondano.

This research is motivated by the relatively low student achievement which is suspected because students are lazy to read and students are still difficult to understand the meaning of the text they read. Therefore it needs a strategy to be able to improve student learning outcomes. So one way that can be taken to improve this is by utilizing the Discovery Learning learning model. The purpose of this study was to determine the Effectiveness of the Discovery Learning Model on Students' Activities and Learning Outcomes of Intensive Reading in Grade III UPT SD Negeri 2 Turatea Jeneponto Regency. This type of research is a type of Pre Experimental Design research. The population in this study were students of class III UPT SD Negeri 2 Turatea and the sample in this study were some of the population of class III students of UPT SD Negeri 2 Turatea. The data collection method used is the observation method and the questionnaire method. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential data analysis.From the results of the research it is known that the value of intensive reading learning results for third grade students at UPT SD Negeri 2 Turatea, Jeneponto Regency. This can be proven from the average student pretest result, which is 53.65, which is in the very low category, while the average student posttest result, which is 82.25, is in the high category. Strengthened by the results of the student intensive reading response questionnaire, it was effective because it met the student response questionnaire criteria, namely ≥ 75% gave a positive response.The results of the t test obtained tCount = 23.79 and tTable = 2.093, then tCount > tTable or 23.793 > 2.093 was obtained. So it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This indicates that research using the discovery learning model can increase the activity and learning outcomes of intensive reading skills in class III UPT SD Negeri 2 Turatea, Jeneponto Regency.

In research conducted at SDN Lojikobong II on learning Civics learning in elementary schools regarding diversity. In the current era, there are many problems that arise and the existing culture fades. The purpose of the research is to find out the design of teaching materials for learning PPKn, diversity material for grade IV elementary schools, the feasibility of teaching materials and user responses to kahoot teaching materials. This study uses the Design and Development model, namely D&D, with the design and development of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE) research procedures. Media validation and kahoot learning materials use experts, namely media experts and material experts. The trials in this study were carried out by class teachers and students in class IV to obtain user responses. In this research, data collection techniques used questionnaires and interviews, research used media experts, material experts, teachers and students with instruments used questionnaires and interviews. The results of the study show that the assessment from the expert's point of view is in the very good category and the ratings from the users are very good. The recommendation from this study is that kahoot learning media can be used in the learning process with guidance on the use of teacher media and learning understanding of diversity material in students.  

The rapid advancement of technology has brought the integration of Virtual Reality (VR) into various educational sectors worldwide, including Indonesia. The focus of this research is to evaluate the impact of using Virtual Reality on the educational development in Indonesia. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, this study discusses the potential benefits and challenges that may arise from the implementation of VR technology in the educational context. Furthermore, this research also investigates how VR can enrich traditional teaching methods, engage students in a profound learning process, and enhance their understanding of complex concepts.This research contains an analysis of the influence of virtual reality on the development of education in Indonesia, where the researchers will distribute online questionnaires and gather samples of respondents to conclude questions related to virtual reality. This study will contribute to the existingliterature, especially on the factors that influence the adoptionof Virtual Reality for Media Learning model.