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Pesticides are toxic chemical compounds used to control agricultural plant pests. Intense use of pesticides and not paying attention to standards for their use can have negative effects on farmers' health. The aim of this research is to identify the behavior of using chemical pesticides that pose a risk to the health of horticultural farmers in the agricultural area of ​​West Seram Regency. Method: This type of research is descriptive quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. The population of this study were all horticultural farmers in West Seram Regency who used chemical pesticides, and the sample taken was 650 respondents based on the inclusion criteria, namely actively spraying chemical pesticides and a minimum work period of 25 years. Data collection instruments used questionnaires and observation. Data analysis uses statistical tools to describe the activities of farmers using pesticides. The results of the research show that the dominant risky behavior in using chemical pesticides and disrupting farmers' health is the behavior of not using personal protective equipment for 602 (92.6%) respondents and the behavior of using doses that do not comply with the standard for 547 (84.2%) respondents and mixing the number of types. chemical pesticides of more than 3 types as many as 546 (84%) respondents. Meanwhile, the dominant health complaints felt by farmers were skin disorders as many as 621 respondents and tremor complaints as many as 572 respondents, followed by other health complaints. In conclusion, farmers' behavior does not follow standards for pesticide use, which poses a risk to health. Suggestion; Farmers must use chemical pesticides wisely according to specified standards and must be equipped with knowledge about how to use pesticides correctly and the negative impacts on health.

Reclamation is an activity carried out throughout the stages of the mining business to organize, restore, and improve the quality of the environment and ecosystem so that it can function again according to its designation (Law No. 3 of 2020). In PT Wijaya Mandiri Energi's mining activities that have been completed, the required activity is to carry out reclamation. In planning reclamation activities, technical reclamation tools are needed. Therefore, in this study, calculations were carried out to determine the number of technical equipment requirements used in reclamation activities that will be carried out in pit 3 south. Based on observations of mining activities carried out in pit 3 south, data is obtained in the form of productivity values of digging-loading equipment, transport equipment and displacement equipment. In this research, the quantitative analysis method is used by calculating the value of the area, productivity and actual working hours so as to obtain the value of the need for digging tools, transport tools and displacement tools needed in reclamation activities to achieve optimal value. As for the research conducted with an area of 5.95Ha and a production target of 208,250 m3, with the productivity of Doosan 500LCV excavator equipment of 218.64 m3 / hour, dump truck of 58.84 m3 / hour and SEM 822D bulldozer of 351.64 m3 / hour, the number of excavator Doosan 500LCV digging and loading equipment is 2 units, Beiben 2642 dump truck of 8 units and SEM 822D bulldozer of 2 units.

This abstract discusses an effective approach in creating a landing page for the Banggi Market Mangrove Bridge Tour. The proposed method includes analysis and planning, user-friendly design, content development, interactive features, testing and optimization, as well as launch and promotion. Alternative methods include user experience-based, dynamic content, data-driven, collaborative, and technology-based marketing approaches. The results show that by prioritizing user needs, optimizing content, and utilizing interactive features and effective promotions, landing pages can increase visits and awareness of environmental conservation. Data analysis and user feedback are important for continuous improvement. A user experience-driven approach ensures easy navigation and relevant information, while dynamic content and data-driven marketing enable strategy adjustments. Collaboration and advanced technology are also important. Further data collection is needed to increase the effectiveness of landing pages as promotional and environmental education tools.

This study aims to review the scope of linguistic research, highlighting the various branches and approaches used in the study of language. Linguistic research is a multidisciplinary field that includes the analysis of language structure, use, and its role in society. In this paper, we discuss some of the main branches of theoretical linguistics, including phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. In addition, we also explore applied linguistics which involves the application of linguistic theory in practical contexts such as language education, translation, and language technology. Interdisciplinary approaches in linguistic research, which combine perspectives from psychology, anthropology, and computer science, are also a major focus of this study. We highlight the importance of appropriate methodology in linguistic research, including qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as the use of modern analytical tools such as linguistic software and natural language processing techniques. The results of this study indicate that a comprehensive understanding of the scope of linguistic research can make a significant contribution to the development of linguistics and its applications in various fields. These findings are expected to provide insights for researchers, practitioners, and educators in designing more effective language studies and teaching programs.      

As a beginner in the business of exotic animals provider, Rumbur Exotic Pet run the business activities manually and do not utilise advanced technology, so it’s performance is less effective and efficient. Therefore, adequate technological support is needed to improve business performance and productivity through designing a Java-based sales information system. This research use the Waterfall model as one of the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) software development methods. The system design tools that used are Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) and Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD). The results of designing a Java-based sales information system can increase work effectiveness and efficiency, facilitate data collection and storage of sales information, produce detailed and accurate reports, and encourage productivity and profitability.     

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has an important role in shaping the character and noble character of students. Quality PAI teaching materials are one of the determining factors for successful learning. This study aims to describe the principles and characteristics of effective PAI teaching materials. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Data were collected from books, scientific journals, and other reliable sources. The data were analyzed with descriptive analysis techniques and then selected and compared and classified, and the final stage drew conclusions according to the truth. The results of the study found that PAI teaching materials are learning tools designed to assist teachers and students in achieving the learning objectives of Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Good and quality PAI teaching materials will help students understand Islamic teachings more easily and explore, as well as practice them in everyday life. In addition, the characteristics of PAI teaching materials that are different from teaching materials in general make additional capital for the realization of the ideals expected by Islamic Religious Education and Budi Pekerti to students. By paying attention to these principles and characteristics, Islamic Religious Education teaching materials can help students to achieve the expected learning objectives, namely to become a Muslim person who has faith, devotion, and noble character.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has an important role in shaping the character and noble character of students. Quality PAI teaching materials are one of the determining factors for successful learning. This study aims to describe the principles and characteristics of effective PAI teaching materials. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Data were collected from books, scientific journals, and other reliable sources. The data were analyzed with descriptive analysis techniques and then selected and compared and classified, and the final stage drew conclusions according to the truth. The results of the study found that PAI teaching materials are learning tools designed to assist teachers and students in achieving the learning objectives of Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Good and quality PAI teaching materials will help students understand Islamic teachings more easily and explore, as well as practice them in everyday life. In addition, the characteristics of PAI teaching materials that are different from teaching materials in general make additional capital for the realization of the ideals expected by Islamic Religious Education and Budi Pekerti to students. By paying attention to these principles and characteristics, Islamic Religious Education teaching materials can help students to achieve the expected learning objectives, namely to become a Muslim person who has faith, devotion, and noble character.

Party attire is clothing that is worn to attend the occasion of a party event. In party clothes, the addition of paintings on the cloth is given. Painting is the result of painting in the form of a display that has aesthetic value. This party dress design with the application of painting techniques with Dutch building ideas (windmills) gives the impression of symbolizing energy, strength, courage, love, struggle, and speed. Painting on cloth has quite a complexity in the process so it requires high precision and patience. This study uses the method of observation, interviews, documentation, literature. In this descriptive research, the data collected is in the form of words and pictures The results of making this report to find out the manufacture of party dresses with cloth painting. The process of making party dresses with cloth painting has 3 parts, namely on the right, left and back of this skirt through several stages, namely: 1) determining the design model, 2) Taking measurements, 3) preparing tools and materials, 4) making patterns, 5 ) cutting materials, 6) merging, 7) sewing, 8) finishing. The cloth painting process itself includes: 1) determining the painting design, 2) sketching the painting on the cloth, 3) preparing the painting material, 4) applying paint to the material, 5) painting on the cloth. In making cloth painting, you need a sketch to make it easier to work on. Suggestions in making clothes with cloth painting need to pay attention to paint so that the color of the paint and fabric on the dress looks good, so first select the color that matches the dress. To reduce the risk of paint drying easily and wasting paint, it's best when you go through the process of painting the fabric to paint the same color first, so that the results are maximized.

. Ecoprint is a type of stamping coloring technique that produces color characteristics in the form of motifs, ecoprint can be applied to fantasy party clothing. The application of ecoprint to fantasy party clothing produces works that are simple but seem luxurious. This fantasy party fashion is a realization of the author's imagination about party clothes that utilize ecoprint techniques. This fabric dyeing technique, has quite a strong appeal among its fans. Fantasy party clothing carries ecoprint techniques in the hope of creating fashion products that are certainly environmentally friendly and reflect the natural wealth of the Blora area, namely teak leaves. This study was designed with the aim of knowing the process of applying ecoprint to fantasy party clothing. The methods used are qualitative methods such as observation, literature, documentation and descriptive data analysis. The steps in the application of ecoprint in fantasy party fashion are making designs, analyzing designs, preparing tools and materials, sizes, archetypes, breaking patterns, cutting materials, merader, sewing, applying ecoprint and finished results. Fantasy party fashion making withecoprint uses bridal satin and organza fabrics. Ecoprint making uses a mordanting technique in which the fabric is steamed for 2 hours. In the process of making ecoprints, you should use shooting glue on the tips of the leaves. This is so that the appearance looks sturdy when used to make variations. Teak leaves used are also prioritized young, so that the color released is maximum and produces the perfect shape in making ecoprints.    

This study aims to describe and analyze the Choreography of Maikek Kain Dance at Langkisau Studio in Kenagarian Painan Timur, District IV Jurai, South Pesisir Regency. This type of research is qualitative research using a descriptive method. The research instrument is the researcher himself and is assisted by supporting instruments such as tulsi tools and mobile phones. The data of this study uses primary data and secondary data. Data was collected through literature studies, observations, interviews and documentation. The steps of analyzing data are collecting data, describing the data and inferring the data. The results of the study show that the Maikek Kain Dance has 3 parts, including the beginning as the opening of the dance, the middle part, and the final part as the climax. In this Maikek Kain dance, there are elements of dance composition consisting of; movement, floor design, group composition, top design, dancers, music design, costumes and makeup and props. The movements that the choreographer worked on were taken from the recreated cloth dance. This dance work also looks very interesting with various floor patterns and group compositions so that the audience does not get bored in watching the performance and the dancers who master strong movements and movements. The costume used in the Maikek Kain dance is a simple costume. This Maikek Kain dance raises the theme of Minangkabau women and is taken from the cloth dance and created by music that accompanies the dancers' movements using a fast tempo to the end of the dance with singing drums. The property used in the Maikek Kain dance is the clay cloth.

East Aceh is one of the areas producing coconut plants, which have great benefits in everyday human life from the roots and stems to the shoots. Coconut milk is one of the ingredients used to make typical Acehnese food. The problem that exists when squeezing coconut milk is still manually using your hands. Strong force is needed to squeeze the coconut milk to get thick coconut milk, so housewives complain of pain in the upper arms and lower arms, especially the fingers. The research aims to determine the dimensions of the design and ergonomic measurements of the tool. The research method is anthropometry and statistical tests. From the results and discussion, it was obtained that five dimensions were determined, a data adequacy test was carried out with the results of all the data being declared valid, the uniformity test stated that all the data was uniform and all the data was declared to have a normal distribution. The percentiles used are different, where the 95th percentile (P95) is used for the dimensions of the width of the palm (metacarpal) (LTM), and the width of the palm (up to the thumb) (LTB), while the 5th percentile (P5) is used for the dimension of hand length (PT). , forearm length (PLB), upper arm length (PLA). In conclusion, the ergonomic measurements obtained were 15.88 cm for tool handle diameter, 31.03 cm for tool height, 23.60 cm for tool lever length, 10.33 cm for tool handle length, and 10.67cm for tube diameter. Kata kunci: Perancangan, Antropometri, Ergonomis.

A patient bed is a bed that is used to move patients from one room to another and is also specifically designed for patients who require some form of health care. Currently, hospitals throughout Indonesia generally pay attention to patient comfort, especially when in bed. This research aims to make it easier for patients to Kontrol their beds according to the patient's wishes and comfort. Therefore, in this final project, a 3-Crank patient bed Kontrol device with a safety lock Sistem was designed. 3 Cranks are patient beds that can be adjusted to the height and low position of the bed, up and down at the head and back, and up and down at the feet. In particular, a priority from previous research was the addition of a safety lock Sistem, namely if the button on the patient's remote bed is pressed repeatedly then all the actuators will lock and cannot move unless they are pressed first. This bed Kontrol device is designed using an ATMega328 as amikrokontrollerwhich can drive 3 linear actuator motors. Equipped with a patient bed remote Kontrol with 7 buttons which become Kontrol input from themikrokontrollerwhich can trigger relays so that the linear actuator can work. The test results of the load that can be lifted by a patient bed driven by a linear actuator motor are loads weighing 56 kg, 61 kg, 85 kg, and 117 kg. The results of the design of tools, programs and testing were implemented late with results that followed the wishes and objectives    

This article examines the possibility of reconstructing Islamic epistemology through the integration of classical Ilm al-Usūl principles with modern epistemic challenges. The revivalist/textualist, reformist/maqāṣidī, and critical-hermeneutic approaches to Islamic epistemology are discussed, each contributing a unique perspective on the reconciliation of traditional Islamic knowledge with modern intellectual developments. The main objective is to analyze how Ilm al-Usūl can maintain its normative foundations while responding to contemporary issues such as misinformation, the growing complexity of scientific knowledge, and the fragmentation of epistemic authority. By examining maqāṣid al-sharīʿa, ḥujjiyyah, and other core concepts within Ilm al-Usūl, the article proposes a conceptual bridge that balances revelation with empirical data, fostering a more adaptive epistemological framework. The research design follows a conceptual-analytical library approach, utilizing both classical Islamic legal texts and modern epistemological literature, including social epistemology and theories of knowledge justification. The results reveal that the reconstruction model offers a more comprehensive solution compared to traditional approaches, addressing modern epistemic challenges without abandoning foundational Islamic principles. The discussion highlights the importance of modernizing the methodology to include empirical tools like data literacy and ethical considerations, while maintaining the normative integrity of Islamic knowledge. The article concludes by presenting practical implications for Islamic education and religious authority, recommending the integration of scientific literacy and modern epistemic practices into Ilm al-Usūl curricula. It also suggests future research on specific case studies and the development of modern indicators of epistemic authority.

The rapid transformation of higher education driven by the advancement of digital technologies and the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of online learning platforms across universities worldwide. This study investigates the relationship between the use of online learning platforms, academic performance, and student engagement among university students. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from students actively participating in online learning environments to analyze how frequency of platform use influences academic outcomes and engagement levels. The results reveal a positive correlation between online learning engagement and academic performance, indicating that students who consistently participate in live sessions, complete assignments, and interact with peers and instructors achieve better academic results. Cognitive and behavioral engagement were found to be the most influential factors contributing to improved learning outcomes, while emotional engagement played a supportive role in maintaining motivation and persistence. Despite these benefits, several challenges were identified, including social isolation, limited face-to-face interaction, and technological barriers that hinder full participation. Comparisons with traditional learning environments highlight that online platforms provide greater flexibility and personalized learning opportunities but lack the immediacy of in-person interaction. Furthermore, differences between local and international contexts underscore the role of infrastructure and institutional readiness in ensuring equitable online learning experiences. The study concludes that effective integration of technology, instructor presence, and collaborative tools can enhance engagement and academic success in digital learning environments. Future research should explore long-term impacts, including the role of gamification and artificial intelligence in sustaining motivation and improving educational outcomes.

The aim of this thesis is to: Explain how the Merdeka Curriculum is applied to the subjects of Islamic Religious Education and Character at Darunnajah Vocational School, Banjarmangu; and Provide an explanation of the design for the development of the Independent Curriculum in the subjects of Islamic Religious Education and Character at Darunnajah Vocational School, Banjarmangu.The author uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach and field research.  To collect data, this research uses observations, in-depth interviews (in-depth interviews), and documentation. On the other hand, the author uses data reduction methods, data visualization, conclusions, or verification in data analysis techniques which are carried out with the aim of facilitating understanding of problem phenomena that occur and providing solutions to problems.The results of the research show that the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Islamic Religious Education and Character Education Subjects at Darunnajah Banjarmangu Vocational School has been carried out well. This starts with PAI teachers preparing themselves to apply learning, namely creating learning tools and learning flows, from initial, core, and closing. Students then carry out the Project for Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile (P5) outside the classroom. At Darunnajah Banjarmangu Vocational School, the design for developing the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in PAI subjects is to take part in workshops, increase teacher creativity, and share to change the way of teaching to make it better.

Indonesia is a country located between active earth plates, namely the Eurasian Plate, the Indo- Australian Plate, and the Pacific Plate. These plates are very active plates that move and pose a high risk of earthquake disasters. Therefore, the author wrote an Applied Scientific Work with the title Earthquake Disaster Detection System Using Arduino at the SMI Shipyard port. Earthquake Detection System is made in order to detect earthquake disasters and minimize casualties due to the earthquake disaster. The use of these tools in the world of transportation to detect earthquakes used in coastal areas and port ports located in earthquake-prone areas. The method used is system design to determine the occurrence of an earthquake or vibration detected by the ADXL 355 sensor to reach the output, namely the buzzer and LCD. From that the author makes a tool that can provide warnings to the community or workers in the area to avoid casualties. Earthquake Detection System Using Arduino gives output commands to the buzzer and 220 V lamp. If the vibration is from 2.0 SR, the buzzer and light output will not be active. This system has an accuracy rate of 77.6% and has the largest error rate of 22.4%.

This activity aims to enhance the knowledge of teachers at SMP Plus Miftahul Falah in utilizing digital media and AI-based applications to aid the learning process, develop teaching materials, create assessment tools, and design learning resources. The rapid advancement of digital learning media and AI-based applications underscores the importance for teachers to acquire knowledge about their usage. The utilization of this technology serves as support for 21st-century skills. The target beneficiaries of this community service are the teachers of SMP Plus Miftahul Falah. To achieve this objective, the community service method includes counseling, demonstrations, and training on the use of digital media in education. This activity encourages teachers to harness technology according to their needs to improve the quality of education while also developing 21st-century skills.

This research aims to develop learning tools based on science process skills on ecosystem materials at SMA Negeri 11 Enrekang. The research focuses on creating teaching modules and learner worksheets (LKPD) that can increase students' understanding and active involvement in biology learning. This study uses a 4-D development model consisting of four stages: definition, design, development, and deployment, with this research limited to the development stage. The methodology used involves analyzing the needs of students and teachers, designing learning tools, and testing the validity and practicality of the developed tools. The validity test involved two expert validators, while the practicality test was carried out by involving teachers at SMA Negeri 11 Enrekang. The assessment is carried out through a questionnaire that measures the validity and practicality of the learning tools. The results showed that the learning tools developed received an excellent validity assessment, with a "very valid" score for the teaching module and "valid" for the LKPD. The practicality test also showed positive results, with the learning tools rated "very practical" by teachers. These findings indicate that science process skills-based learning tools effectively improve students' understanding of ecosystem materials. This research significantly contributes to developing process skills-based learning tools, which can be adapted in other schools. Further research could test the applicability of these devices to other materials and in different schools to expand their application in biology learning.

In carrying out teaching and learning activities, of course learning media is needed that can support student learning. E-module is a learning media that contains images, videos and quizzes that can provide feedback in learning for students. This research focuses on developmente-mode basedandroid on the use of hand tools. Developmente-mode based android uses the ADDIE development model which has several stages, namelyanalysis, design, development, implementation, andevaluation. This research uses a research designone group pretest-posttest. The subjects of this research were class X TAV SMKN 3 Surabaya with 32 students. Validation is carried out to measure feasibilitye-mode. Student responses are needed to measure practicalitye-mode during learning. Student learning outcomes in the knowledge domain and skills domain are analyzed using the T test to measure effectivenesse-mode in learning. The research results show that (1) the validity of the developmente-mode obtained a result of 83.89% with very valid criteria, which means it is very suitable for use in learning. (2) practicalitye-mode which was developed obtained student response results of 89.47% with very practical criteria, which meanse-modebased android very practical for use in learning to use hand tools. (3) effectivenesse-mode obtained from learning results in the knowledge domain and the attitude domain. In the knowledge domain, the average value is obtainedpre-test of 48.9, while the average valuepost-test amounted to 87.91, and the T test significance value was 0.000<0.05. In the skills domain, an average skill value of 91.92 was obtained, greater than the KKM value of 75, and a T test significance value of 0.000<0.05 was obtained. It can be concluded that there is a significant increase in student learning outcomes in the realm of knowledge and skills.

Applying ergonomic principles in work tool design for manufacturing industries is a crucial factor in improving productivity while maintaining worker health. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of adaptive work tool design models based on cognitive and physiological ergonomic principles, identify interaction patterns between workstation design and operational performance, and develop a conceptual framework for integrating ergonomic principles into production cycles. The research method adopts a cognitive-physiological approach with qualitative analysis of human-machine interactions, biomechanical simulations using digital human modeling, and muscle load measurements through electromyography. Implementation was conducted using a participatory ergonomics approach and IMU sensor-based real-time monitoring systems. Results show that using materials with controlled deformation capabilities (15-20%) in work tools reduces muscle work by up to 27%, while adaptive automation system integration improves assembly accuracy by 18%. Workstations with ergonomic adjustments increase assembly speed by an average of 12%, and low-cost ergonomic interventions effectively improve productivity by 11-15% in resource-limited environments. Longitudinal analysis reveals that evidence-based ergonomic investments yield a 230% ROI through increased productivity, reduced injury compensation costs, and decreased employee turnover. IMU-based posture monitoring systems integrated with adaptive feedback loops reduced musculoskeletal disorder incidents by up to 41%. In conclusion, ergonomic optimization based on cognitive-physiological principles creates synergy between production efficiency and worker well-being, making it an essential component in achieving sustainable productivity.